Content deleted Content added
m →1970s |
BlueboyLINY (talk | contribs) |
||
(40 intermediate revisions by 9 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{short description|Pacifica Radio station in New York City}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=August 2020}}
Line 9:
| name = WBAI
| image = WBAI logo.svg
| city = [[
| country = US
| area = [[New York metropolitan area]]
Line 15:
| airdate = {{start date and age|1960|1|8|p=y}}
| frequency = {{Frequency|99.5|[[Hertz#SI multiples|MHz]]}}
| format = {{ubl|[[
| language = {{ubl|[[American English|English]]|[[Spanish language in the United States|Spanish]]}}
| erp = 10,000
| haat = {{convert|282.3|m|sp=us}}
| class = B
| licensing_authority = [[
| facility_id = 51249
| callsign_meaning = Broadcast Associates, Incorporated (former owner)
Line 27:
| owner = [[Pacifica Foundation]]
| licensee =
| webcast =
| website = {{URL|https://www.wbai.org}}
}}
'''WBAI''' (99.5 [[FM broadcasting|FM]]) is a
==History==
===Origins===
The station began as
===1960s===
WBAI was purchased by
The history of WBAI during this period is iconoclastic and contentious.<ref>{{cite web|last=Collins|first=Glenn|title=The Station That Dared to Defend Carlin's "7 Words" Looks Back|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/25/nyregion/25wbai.html|
WBAI played a major role in the evolution and development of the [[counterculture of the 1960s]] and early 1970s.<ref>{{cite web|last=Collins|first=Glenn|title=The Station That Dared to Defend Carlin's "7 Words" Looks Back|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/25/nyregion/25wbai.html|
===1970s===
In 1970, Kathy Dobkin, Milton Hoffman, and Francie Camper produced an unprecedented, critically acclaimed 4{{frac|1|2}} day round-the-clock reading of Tolstoy's ''[[War And Peace]]''.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} The epic novel was read cover to cover by more than 200 people—including a large number of international celebrities from various fields.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} ''[[Newsweek]]'' called this broadcast "one of the more mind-blowing 'firsts' in the history of the media". The complete reading (over 200 audio tapes) was the first Pacifica program to be selected for inclusion in the permanent collection of the Museum of Broadcasting in NYC.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}
[[File:Seven Dirty Words WBAI.jpg|thumbnail|right|A poster in a WBAI broadcast booth warns radio broadcasters against using the [[seven dirty words]].]]
In 1973, the station broadcast comedian [[George Carlin]]'s iconic ''[[
In 1974, WBAI program director Marnie Mueller asked [[Charles Ruas]] to become director of arts programming.
[[Charles Ruas|Ruas]] initiated The Reading Experiment,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Search Our Collection {{!}} Pacifica Radio Archives |url=https://www.pacificaradioarchives.org/keyword-search?search_api_views_fulltext=reading+experiment |access-date=
When [[William Burroughs]] returned to the United States from Tangier, Ruas invited him to present a retrospective of all his works.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wave Farm {{!}} Historic Audio from the Archives of Charles Ruas: William S. Burroughs: The Making of Naked Lunch |url=https://wavefarm.org/wf/archive/qfhv40 |access-date=November 4, 2023 |website=wavefarm.org}}</ref> The series consisted of four programs, beginning with ''Junkie'' and followed by ''The Yage Letters'', read by Burroughs and Allen Ginsburg, ''The Last Words of Dutch Schultz'', and, finally, ''Naked Lunch''. Bill Kortum oversaw this series as well as retrospectives of the works of [[Jerzy Kosinski]] and [[Donald Barthelme]], co-produced with Judith Sherman, the station's music director.<ref name="auto">{{Cite book |last=WBAI Radio (New York |first=N. Y. ) |url=http://archive.org/details/wbaifoliomay76wbairich |title=WBAI folio |date=1976 |publisher=New York : WBAI |others=Pacifica Radio Archives}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Internet Archive: Digital Library of Free & Borrowable Books, Movies, Music & Wayback Machine |url=https://archive.org/search?query=wbai+folio+1976 |access-date=May 24, 2024 |website=archive.org}}</ref>
A semester of [[Allen Ginsberg]]'s poetry seminar held at the [[
[[Charles Ruas|Ruas]] inaugurated the Audio Experimental Theater, a series presenting the works of avant-garde artists: [[Meredith Monk]], [[Yvonne Rainer]], [[Ed Bowes]], [[Ed Friedman]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinoiserie / by Ed Friedman. {{!}} Pacifica Radio Archives |url=https://www.pacificaradioarchives.org/recording/iz0071 |access-date=November 17, 2023 |website=www.pacificaradioarchives.org |language=en}}</ref> Michael Newman
In drama, the station [[Switched-On Bach|defended]] [[Tennessee Williams]] against his critics during the last years of his life by covering his ''Memoirs'' and broadcasting a production of ''Two-Character Play''.<ref
Ruas initiated interview programs featuring nonfiction writers discussing their fields of
Each of the arts had weekly coverage. Courtney Callender's ''Getting Around'' covered the cultural scene.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Callender and Baraka talk / Imamu Baraka ; interviewed by Courtney Callender. {{!}} Pacifica Radio Archives |url=https://www.pacificaradioarchives.org/recording/bc2213 |access-date=December 5, 2023 |website=www.pacificaradioarchives.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A Discussion of High Culture Vs. Popular Culture : the new book by Herbert Gans / moderated by Courtney Callender. {{!}} Pacifica Radio Archives |url=https://www.pacificaradioarchives.org/recording/bc2162 |access-date=December 5, 2023 |website=www.pacificaradioarchives.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Courtney Callender : long look / Owen Dodson. {{!}} Pacifica Radio Archives |url=https://www.pacificaradioarchives.org/recording/bc2212 |access-date=December 5, 2023 |website=www.pacificaradioarchives.org |language=en}}</ref> Moira Hodgson was the dance critic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Private world of ballet / John Gruen ; interviewed by Moira Hodgson. {{!}} Pacifica Radio Archives |url=https://www.pacificaradioarchives.org/recording/bc2252 |access-date=December 5, 2023 |website=www.pacificaradioarchives.org |language=en}}</ref> The visual arts critics were [[John Perreault]], [[Cindy Nemser]], [[Liza Béar|Liza Baer]], Joe Giordano, Judith Vivell,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Search Our Collection {{!}} Pacifica Radio Archives |url=https://www.pacificaradioarchives.org/keyword-search?search_api_views_fulltext=+Judith+Vivell |access-date=December 5, 2023 |website=www.pacificaradioarchives.org |language=en}}</ref> [[Kenneth Koch]], and [[Les Levine]].<ref name="auto"/>
[[Charles Ruas|Ruas]] invited poet [[Susan Howe]] and CCNY Literature professor Paul Oppenheimer<ref>{{Cite web |last=York |first=The City College of New |date=August 1, 2015 |title=Paul Oppenheimer |url=https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/profiles/paul-oppenheimer |access-date=October 28, 2023 |website=The City College of New York |language=en-us}}</ref> to produce a weekly poetry program. Howe produced a weekly poetry program presenting the works of [[John Ashbery]], [[
On alternate weeks, Oppenheimer presented the works of Barbara Holland, Ivan Arguelles, Ann Darr, Richard Howard, Karen Swenson, James Emanuel, Siv Cedering Fox, Nelson Canton, Victoria Sullivan, Samuel Menashe, Carol Hebald, Paul Zweig, Gregor Roy and Mary Jane Menuez.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Search Our Collection {{!}} Pacifica Radio Archives |url=https://www.pacificaradioarchives.org/keyword-search?search_api_views_fulltext=paul+oppenheimer |access-date=October 28, 2023 |website=www.pacificaradioarchives.org |language=en}}</ref> He also produced specials on the aesthetics of 20th century poets and the history of the sonnet with contemporary American examples.
From 1976 to 1979, poet [[John Giorno]] hosted ''The Poetry Experiment''<ref name="Rubery2011">{{cite book|author=Matthew Rubery|title=Audiobooks, Literature, and Sound Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zearAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA84|date=May 9, 2011|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-73333-8|pages=84–}}</ref> and
When Ira Weitzman became Director of the Saturday night Free Music Store program, he was as interested in performance as dedicated to music. He oversaw [[Meredith Monk]]'s performance of ''Quarry'',<ref>{{Cite book |last=WBAI Radio (New York |first=N. Y. ) |url=https://archive.org/details/wbaifoliomay76wbairich/page/n1/mode/2up |title=WBAI folio |date=1976 |publisher=New York : WBAI |others=Pacifica Radio Archives}}</ref> as well as producing Broadway actress [[Marian Seldes]] in ''Portrait of an Unknown Lady: Eleanor Wylie''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Portrait of an unknown lady: the life and work of Elinor Wylie / with readings by Marian Seldes. {{!}} Pacifica Radio Archives |url=https://www.pacificaradioarchives.org/recording/bc2928?nns=ira+weitzman |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=www.pacificaradioarchives.org |language=en}}</ref> He produced ''Performing Poets in Support of WBAI''<ref>{{Cite web |title=The reading experiment: performing poets in support of WBAI (Episode 33 of 33, Part 1 of 2) {{!}} Pacifica Radio Archives |url=https://www.pacificaradioarchives.org/recording/bc070933a?nns=ira+weitzman |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=www.pacificaradioarchives.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The reading experiment: performing poets in support of WBAI (Episode 33 of 33, Part 2 of 2) {{!}} Pacifica Radio Archives |url=https://www.pacificaradioarchives.org/recording/bc070933b?nns=ira+weitzman |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=www.pacificaradioarchives.org |language=en}}</ref> with the country's most notable poets. His best known production was an evening with the performing poets [[Ed Friedman]], [[Helen Adam]] and [[Patti Smith]], who performed her first concert.<ref>{{Cite book |last=WBAI Radio (New York |first=N. Y. ) |url=https://archive.org/details/wbaifolio76wbairich/page/10/mode/2up |title=WBAI folio |date=1976 |publisher=New York : WBAI |others=Pacifica Radio Archives}}</ref>
During those years, WBAI became a cultural force as these programs were disseminated nationally through the Pacifica Network.<ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Lavey |first=Nate |date=August 26, 2013 |title=A Weak Signal at WBAI |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/a-weak-signal-at-wbai |access-date=February 2, 2024 |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-US |issn=0028-792X}}</ref>
In 1977, there was a major internal crisis at WBAI which resulted in the loss of the physical space of the station. WBAI was located in a former church on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. For many years, WBAI had believed it was exempt from New York City real estate taxes as an "educational" institution, but in March 1977 the City Tax Commission denied that status<ref>{{cite news |title= ▲{{Disputed-section|date=April 2022}}
===Turmoil and change===
After the events in 1977, the station began a shift to a more profound international direction. In 1980, Caribbean immigrant and Marxist activist [[Samori Marksman]] was hired as WBAI Program Director and with his ascension, there was more of a focus on international issues and the promotion of people of color to the WBAI staff which caused grumbling among long time white and Jewish progressives who felt they were being pushed out of the station. In 1983, Marksman abruptly left for the Caribbean island of Grenada to participate in a new government – a government that was thwarted by the [[
In 1986, gay activist [[John Scagliotti]] became program director. He initiated many program changes; still more long-time programmers left the station. Scagliotti tried to professionalize the programming and smooth out the rougher edges of existing shows. During his tenure, several producers received accolades for their efforts, including Robert Knight, who won a Polk Award for his show "Contragate", and future program director and Station Manager Valerie Van Isler, who won awards for her role in the film, ''[[The Panama Deception]]''. Also, award-winning producer and host [[Amy Goodman]] began her career under Scagliotti. Samori Marksman returned to WBAI in the early 90s and in 1994, and was hired again as WBAI's Program Director. During his five-year tenure, WBAI achieved significant progress in listenership and fundraising. Marksman founded ''[[Democracy Now!]]'' in 1996, the award-winning program now helmed by Amy Goodman. Marksman was deeply-connected to the Caribbean and African diaspora. His own program, "Behind The News", focused on international and national issues from a black nationalist and Marxist perspective. Marksman was profoundly loved by a broad cross section of the WBAI audience and staff. His shocking and sudden death from a massive heart attack on March 23, 1999, was a wound to the station that lasted for years. Over 3,000 people attended his funeral at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in Manhattan.
[[File:120 Wall Street door.jpg|alt=An ornate door|thumb|The outside door of 120 Wall Street, where WBAI was formerly headquartered.]]
Shortly before the death of Samori Marksman and following years of complaints about the outdated and filthy studios at 505 Eighth Avenue in New York, WBAI moved to new studios at 120 Wall Street in the Financial District in Manhattan in June 1998. After the death of Marksman, there was profound uncertainty and an explosion of pent-up feelings and resentments that was suppressed by Marksman and Mario Murillo, the Public Affairs director. Utrice Leid, a popular Caribbean radio host and producer had expected to succeed Marksman but was denied the post by then-
[[Image:Wbai2.jpg|thumb|The former WBAI studios on the 10th floor of [[120 Wall Street]], Manhattan]]
In late 2012, WBAI suffered extensive damage to its offices following the events of [[Hurricane Sandy]].<ref name=sandymove>{{cite web|author1=Matthew Lasar|title=Volunteers needed to help WBAI in NYC move to City College station|url=http://www.radiosurvivor.com/2013/02/11/volunteers-needed-to-help-wbai-in-nyc-move-to-city-college-station/|publisher=Radio Survivor|access-date=February 12, 2015|date=February 11, 2013}}</ref> The Manhattan offices saw
Lynne Rosen and John Littig, co-hosts of the monthly show ''The Pursuit of Happiness'', were found dead on June 3, 2013, after committing suicide in their [[Park Slope]] home.<ref>{{cite web |title=Co-hosts of radio show 'The Pursuit of Happiness' committed suicide |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/brooklyn-couple-committed-suicide-co-hosted-radio-show-article-1.1363804 |
In June 2013, the [[Corporation for Public Broadcasting]] suspended payments to WBAI, citing accounting irregularities and a failure by the station to meet its financial obligations.<ref>
Line 90 ⟶ 93:
[http://radioinsight.com/blog/headlines/83912/wbai-lays-off-entire-staff/ WBAI Lays Off Entire Staff] Lance Venta. Radio Insight, June 20, 2013</ref><ref>[http://radiosurvivor.com/2013/06/21/end-times-for-wbai-in-new-york-city/ End Times for WBAI in New York City?] Matthew Lasar, Radio Survivor, June 21, 2013</ref>
On August 9, 2013, Pacifica management announced that due to financial problems, WBAI was laying off about two-thirds of its staff, effective August 12, 2013. The entire news department was laid off.<ref>{{cite news|author=Ben Sisario|title=WBAI-FM Lays Off Most of Staff|date=August 11, 2013|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/12/business/media/wbai-fm-lays-off-most-of-staff.html|access-date=May 17, 2015}}</ref> Summer Reese, the interim executive director of the Pacifica Foundation, which owns WBAI, said that after talks with [[SAG-AFTRA]], the union that represents broadcasting talent, "we will be laying off virtually everyone whose voice you recognize on the air," effective Monday. She corrected that and announced the final number was 19 out of the station's 29 employees, about 66%. Andrew Phillips, the former general manager of another of Pacifica's five stations, [[KPFA]] in [[Berkeley, California]], was appointed WBAI's interim program director. ''The New York Times'' reported<ref>{{cite news|author=Ben Sisario|title=Democracy May Prove the Doom of WBAI|date=August 20, 2013|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/21/business/media/democracy-may-prove-the-doom-of-wbai.html|access-date=May 17, 2015}}</ref> that the station owed $2
In March 2014, there were assorted rumors that the station would be sold or leased or moved, in whole or in part (including their equipment and antenna at the [[Empire State Building]]),<ref>"[http://radioinsight.com/blog/headlines/89144/wbai-to-be-evicted-from-empire-state-building/ WBAI To Be Evicted From Empire State Building]", Lance Venta, Radio Insight, 2014 June 24</ref> after contentions and firings both at WBAI and at Pacifica headquarters.<ref>"[http://radioinsight.com/community/topic/wbai-actually-being-sold/ WBAI Actually Being Sold?]", Radio Insight Forum, May 17, 2015</ref>
Line 96 ⟶ 99:
On December 17, 2014, the California State Attorney General opened a full and formal investigation into the Pacifica Radio Foundation, owner of WBAI, with respect to its alleged irregularities as to its finances, violations of California law with respect to nonprofit organizations, and violations of its own bylaws. In 2015, WBAI moved to new studios and offices at 388 Atlantic Avenue in the [[Boerum Hill]] section of Brooklyn.<ref name="FCC">{{Cite web|url=https://publicfiles.fcc.gov/fm-profile/wbai|title=WBAI - FM Station Profile|website=FCC Public Inspection Files}}</ref>
On October 4, 2017, the court rejected WBAI's pleadings as ill-founded and granted the Empire State Realty Trust (ESRT) a summary judgment, in the amount of $1.8m plus attorney's fees, for the monies due through the initial filing date of late 2016. ESRT was awarded with an additional $600k for the lease through the date of the court's ruling, with obligations of approximately $50k+ per month through lease expiration in 2020 also remaining in place.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rew-online.com/2017/10/empire-state-realty-pacifica-wbai-lawsuit/|title=Empire State Realty wins lawsuit against non-profit radio station Pacifica WBAI|first=Christian Brazil|last=Bautista|date=October 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://current.org/2017/10/judge-rules-against-pacifica-wbai-in-1-8m-lawsuit/|title=Judge rules against Pacifica, WBAI in $1.8M lawsuit|first1=Tyler|last1=Falk|website=Current|date=October 6, 2017}}</ref> A further settlement was announced on April 6, 2018, releasing WBAI from the court judgment and its obligation to continuing leasing the Empire State tower into 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.radioworld.com/news-and-business/pacifica-settle-nyc-tower-dispute|title=Pacifica Settles NYC Tower Dispute|first1=Randy J.|last1=Stine|website=Radio World|date=April 6, 2018|access-date=May 5, 2020}}</ref> They began broadcasting from [[4 Times Square]] on May 31, 2018.<ref>{{cite Q|Q70229711}}</ref> A bailout loan from listeners of sister station KPFK eventually covered the remaining fees on the lease.<ref name=evictiondanger/>
On Monday, October 7, 2019, the Pacifica Foundation announced they were shutting down WBAI's local operations, leaving only two workers to keep the station's signal on the air. WBAI began airing a national network feed known as "Pacifica Across America" - a curated collection of original content produced by Pacifica stations [[KPFA]] in [[Berkeley, California]], [[KPFK]] in
Within hours of the shutdown,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/fbem/DocumentDisplayServlet?documentId=ymdb3WDh1N6HHlPPGu3cWQ==&system=prod|title=FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 10/07/2019 02:36 PM}}</ref> WBAI's staffers filed a lawsuit in New York state court challenging the shutdown as illegal. A temporary injunction was granted the afternoon of October 8, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/fbem/DocumentDisplayServlet?documentId=JBq2UHhkhQwC/BMLD4eFSw==&system=prod|title=FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 10/08/2019 11:39 AM}}</ref> ordering WBAI to resume operations and not dismantle the studio until an October 18 hearing, but by the time the injunction had been issued the studio had already been dismantled, preventing the staff from resuming local operations. An appeals court lifted most of the injunction October 10, only enjoining Pacifica from outright firing WBAI's employees.<ref>[https://radioinsight.com/headlines/180972/wbai-staff-gets-temporary-restraining-order-to-return-to-station/ "WBAI Staff Gets Temporary Restraining Order To Return To Station"] from Radio Insight (October 7, 2019)</ref> On Tuesday, October 15, 2019, WBAI's attorney, Arthur Schwartz, stated that Federal Judge [[Paul A. Engelmayer]] reactivated the temporary restraining order (TRO), extending it to close of business on the 17th.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/jeffasimmons/docs/wbai_-_federal_tro|title=Judge reactivates TRO preventing rogue members of Pacifica Board from blocking WBAI content|
On October 15, District Judge Engelmayer (Southern District of New York) extended the New York State Supreme Court's TRO from October 18 through the end of the next hearing, which was scheduled for Monday, October 21. Prior to the hearing, the parties were to submit briefs in support or opposition of the extension of the TRO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.2600.com/content/update-wbai-and-hook|title=Update On WBAI And 'Off The Hook' | 2600|website=
In Manhattan Supreme Court, Judge Melissa Crane ordered Pacifica to return control of the station back to WBAI. She upheld the October 20, 2019, board vote to annul the decision to shutter WBAI. A lawyer for Pacifica, Kara Steger, said that the company planned to appeal the ruling. WBAI resumed local programming on November 7.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2019/11/06/nyc-based-radio-station-wbai-to-go-back-on-the-air-at-midnight|title=NYC-based radio station WBAI to go back on the air at midnight|website=
In April 2024, WBAI announced it had again fallen into arrears on tower rental and that the owner of 4 Times Square was threatening to remove WBAI "at any time" unless the station paid the $150,000 in debt it owed to the building. WBAI, which stated that such a move would mean "the end of WBAI" (a statement the general manager insisted was "not hyperbole") immediately launched a [[pledge drive]] hoping to raise the funds.<ref name=evictiondanger>{{Cite web |last=Venta |first=Lance |date=April 10, 2024 |title=WBAI In Danger Of Being Evicted From Another New York Tower |url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/267334/wbai-in-danger-of-being-evicted-from-another-new-york-tower/ |access-date=April 10, 2024 |website=Radio Insight |language=en-US}}</ref> Later that month, Pacifica agreed to a consent decree with the FCC over its pledge drive content containing unlawful calls to action, accepting a $25,000 fine and having its license renewal shortened to two years instead of the usual eight; the complaint had been filed by Pacifica Safety Net, a pressure group formed in hopes of rectifying Pacifica's overall financial situation, up to and including selling the WBAI license.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 24, 2024 |title=Fine, Short-Term License Are Prices Pacifica Station Pays For Ad Rule Violations. |url=https://www.insideradio.com/free/fine-short-term-license-are-prices-pacifica-station-pays-for-ad-rule-violations/article_8da4aae6-025d-11ef-b451-c3fa3abe5ba0.html |access-date=May 1, 2024 |website=Insideradio.com |language=en}}</ref>
==References==
Line 111 ⟶ 116:
==External links==
* {{Official website}}
* {{FCC-LMS-Facility|51249}}
* [
{{Pacifica Radio}}
Line 121 ⟶ 126:
{{Coord|40.687249|N|73.985566|W|type:landmark_region:US_source:FCC|display=title}}
[[Category:
[[Category:Radio stations in New York City|BAI]]▼
[[Category:1960 establishments in New York City]]
[[Category:Counterculture of the 1960s]]
[[Category:
▲[[Category:Radio stations in New York City|BAI]]
|