2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état: Difference between revisions

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===Early October===
[[File:Grace Mugabe with Robert Mugabe 2013-08-04 11-53.jpeg|thumb|right|upright=1.13|[[Robert Mugabe]] and [[Grace Mugabe]] in 2013]]
InOn the second week of October 2017, tensions between Vice-President [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]] and [[Grace Mugabe]], two leading figures to replace the 93-year-old [[Robert Mugabe]] as [[President of Zimbabwe]], were prominently displayed in the public sphere.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-41530924|title=Grace Mugabe warns of coup plot|date=6 October 2017|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=14 November 2017|others=Additional political analysis by Shingai Nyoka of BBC News Harare|language=en-GB|archive-date=15 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115143419/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-41530924|url-status=live}}</ref> Mnangagwa, a protégé of Mugabe's who had been his ally since the [[Rhodesian Bush War|Zimbabwe War of Independence]] in the 1960s,<ref name=":1" /> said that doctors had confirmed that he had been poisoned during an August 2017 political rally led by the president and had to be airlifted to a hospital in South Africa for treatment.<ref name=":2" /> He also pledged his loyalty to the [[ZANU–PF]] party and President Mugabe and said that the story spread by his supporters that Grace Mugabe had ordered the poisoning via a dairy farm she controlled was untrue.<ref name=":2" />
 
Grace Mugabe denied the poisoning claims as ridiculous and rhetorically asked: "Who is Mnangagwa, who is he?"<ref name=":2" /> [[Phelekezela Mphoko]], Zimbabwe's other vice-president, publicly criticised Mnangagwa, saying that his comments about the August incident were part of an attempt to destabilise the country and undermine the authority of the president, since doctors had actually concluded that stale food was to blame.<ref name=":2" />
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===Saturday, 18 November===
[[File:Citizens In the Streets of Harare, Zimbabwe, November 19, 2017.jpg|thumb|Citizens in the streets of Harare, 19 November 2017]]
GrimacesThere were well-attended and exuberant but peaceful public demonstrations in Harare and in all major towns in the country, supporting the actions of the army and celebrating the apparent end of Mugabe's presidency. Demonstrators also massed outside his office calling on him to quit.<ref>{{cite news|title=Zimbabwe latest: Thousands celebrate end of Mugabe era|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-42035981|publisher=BBC|date=18 November 2017|access-date=21 July 2018|archive-date=26 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726215423/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-42035981|url-status=live}}</ref> Protesters booed and jeered a motorcade that left Mugabe's residence, although a security source stated that Mugabe was not travelling.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zimbabwe-politics-motorcade-mugabe/zimbabwes-mugabe-not-in-motorcade-that-left-his-residence-source-idUSKBN1DI0MS |title= Zimbabwe's Mugabe not in motorcade that left his residence: source |work= Reuters |date= 18 November 2017 |access-date= 18 November 2017 |archive-date= 18 November 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171118223202/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zimbabwe-politics-motorcade-mugabe/zimbabwes-mugabe-not-in-motorcade-that-left-his-residence-source-idUSKBN1DI0MS |url-status= live }}</ref>
 
===Sunday, 19 November ===
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Mangwana announced that party members had "unanimously" agreed to remove Mugabe from office and would work with the opposition MDC party to remove Mugabe in a two-day period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/newswires/news/world/latest-zimbabwe-military-address-nation-shortly-article-1.3645653|title=The Latest: Zimbabwe army says Mugabe working on 'solution'|website=Daily News|location=New York|access-date=20 November 2017}}</ref> Mangwana also stated that a committee would be set up on 21 November and that the vote for impeachment would occur on 22 November.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-21/zimbabwe-impeachment-motion-against-president-robert-mugabe/9172364|title=Zimbabwe's ZANU–PF party sets ball rolling on Mugabe impeachment|date=21 November 2017|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=21 November 2017|archive-date=21 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121035557/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-21/zimbabwe-impeachment-motion-against-president-robert-mugabe/9172364|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Chiwenga announced in a televised address that Mnangagwa would soon return to Zimbabwe and hold talks with Mugabe, with whom he had now been in contact, and that the military coup, dubbed "Operation Restore Legacy", was progressing well.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-zimbabwe-politics-chiwenga/zimbabwes-mugabe-in-talks-with-ousted-vice-president-army-chief-idUKKBN1DK290?il=0|title=Zimbabwe's Mugabe in talks with ousted vice president – army chief|work=Reuters|access-date=20 November 2017|date=20 November 2017|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119140601/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-zimbabwe-politics-chiwenga/zimbabwes-mugabe-in-talks-with-ousted-vice-president-army-chief-idUKKBN1DK290?il=0|url-status=livedead}}</ref>
 
British news agency [[Reuters]] reported that impeachment proceedings would proceed after the ruling ZANU–PF party completed the draft for a motion of impeachment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zimbabwe-politics/zimbabwes-mugabe-faces-impeachment-after-military-takeover-idUSKBN1DK2O0|title=Zimbabwe's Mugabe resigns, ending four decades of rule|date=21 November 2017|website=Reuters.com|access-date=21 November 2017|archive-date=20 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120233337/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zimbabwe-politics/zimbabwes-mugabe-faces-impeachment-after-military-takeover-idUSKBN1DK2O0|url-status=live}}</ref> A copy of the draft, which also included a motion for a no-confidence vote, was obtained by British newspaper ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/20/zimbabwes-robert-mugabe-has-drafted-resignation-letter-immunity/|title=Robert Mugabe to face impeachment by Wednesday as 'source of instability'|first1=Roland|last1=Oliphant|first2=Peta|last2=Thornycroft|date=20 November 2017|access-date=21 November 2017|newspaper=The Telegraph|archive-date=20 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120202628/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/20/zimbabwes-robert-mugabe-has-drafted-resignation-letter-immunity/|url-status=live}}</ref> Of ZANU–PF's 250 lawmakers, all but 20 at a caucus meeting endorsed the impeachment motion, according to party chairman [[Simon Khaya-Moyo]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Dixon|first=Robyn|author-link=Robyn Dixon (journalist)|date=20 November 2017|title=Zimbabwe's Mugabe may face impeachment after failing to meet resignation deadline|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/africa/la-fg-zimbabwe-deadline-resign-20171120-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120222630/http://www.latimes.com/world/africa/la-fg-zimbabwe-deadline-resign-20171120-story.html|archive-date=20 November 2017|access-date=21 November 2017|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|location=Johannesburg}}</ref>
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Deputy Russian prime minister [[Yury Trutnev]], on a visit to Southern Africa, directly blamed President Robert Mugabe for getting himself into trouble by failing to address the [[Socioeconomics|socioeconomic]] issues of the country which had left Zimbabweans impoverished and angry.<ref>{{Cite news|last=IndraStra Global News Team|date=18 November 2017|title=Zimbabwe: The End of Mugabe's Era|url=http://www.indrastra.com/2017/11/Zimbabwe-End-of-Mugabe-s-Era-003-11-2017-0014.html|work=IndraStra Global|access-date=18 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044654/http://www.indrastra.com/2017/11/Zimbabwe-End-of-Mugabe-s-Era-003-11-2017-0014.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
[[United States Secretary of State]] [[Rex Tillerson]] called Mugabe's resignation a "historic moment" for the country. He further congratulated Zimbabweans for peacefully bringing about a change which "was overdue" and emphasised that the United States would support Zimbabwe in transitioning to a stable, democratic government and economy.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Beavers|first1=Olivia|title=Tillerson: Mugabe resignation 'a historic moment' for Zimbabwe|url=httphttps://thehill.com/policy/international/361442-tillerson-mugabe-resignation-a-historic-moment-for-zimbabwe/|access-date=24 November 2017|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|date=21 November 2017|archive-date=25 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171125071329/http://thehill.com/policy/international/361442-tillerson-mugabe-resignation-a-historic-moment-for-zimbabwe|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
British prime minister [[Theresa May]] welcomed Mugabe's resignation stating that it "provides Zimbabwe with an opportunity to forge a new path free of the oppression that characterised his rule".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/zimbabwe-politics-britain-may/british-pm-may-says-mugabes-resignation-gives-zimbabwe-a-chance-to-be-free-idUSL9N1ML01E|title=British PM May says Mugabe's resignation gives Zimbabwe a chance to be free|work=Reuters.com|date=21 November 2017|access-date=24 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201080905/https://www.reuters.com/article/zimbabwe-politics-britain-may/british-pm-may-says-mugabes-resignation-gives-zimbabwe-a-chance-to-be-free-idUSL9N1ML01E|url-status=live}}</ref>
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===Alleged Chinese involvement===
Days before the coup, General [[Constantino Chiwenga]] visited China to meet senior Chinese military leaders, including Generals [[Chang Wanquan]] and [[Li Zuocheng]]. Chiwenga's visit to China has come under scrutiny, with speculation that he had sought Beijing's tacit approval for a possible move against Mugabe.<ref>{{Cite web|last=George|firstauthor1=Ben Westcott, |author2=Steve George|date=2017-11-17|title=The Chinese connection to the Zimbabwe 'coup'|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/11/17/africa/china-zimbabwe-mugabe-diplomacy/index.html|access-date=2023-05-16|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref> However, the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China|Chinese Foreign Ministry]] said that his visit was a "normal military exchange."<ref name="reuters.com"/> The Chinese embassy in South Africa called the reports of Chinese involvement "contradictory, full of logical inconsistencies, and motivated by evil intentions."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Phillips|first1=Tom|title=China rejects claims it had hand in efforts to oust Robert Mugabe|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/21/china-rejects-claims-it-had-hand-in-efforts-to-oust-robert-mugabe|work=The Guardian|date=21 November 2017|access-date=1 August 2018|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119140607/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/21/china-rejects-claims-it-had-hand-in-efforts-to-oust-robert-mugabe|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
==See also==