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{{Short description|Heavily modified racing aircraft}}
{{For-multi|the F-104 Starfighter of the same name|N104RB Red Baron|the World War I "Red Baron" triplane|Fokker Dr.I}}
{{italic title}}
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
| name = Red Baron
| image = RB-51_in_the_Reno_Pits.jpg
| caption = RB-51 in Reno Pits
}}{{Infobox aircraft career
|sole example of type?= N <!-- only Y or N -->
|aircraft name = Red Baron
|other namesother_names = <!--Other names (nicknames, nose art names) this aircraft is known by-->▼
|image = ONLY AVAILABLE IF STANDING ALONE<!--in the ''Image:filename'' format with no image tags-->
|caption = ONLY AVAILABLE IF STANDING ALONE<!--Image caption; if it isn't descriptive, please skip-->
▲|other names = <!--Other names (nicknames, nose art names) this aircraft is known by-->
|type = [[North American P-51 Mustang|P-51D-25-NT Mustang]]
|manufacturer = [[North American Aviation]]
|construction numberconstruction_number = s/n 44-84961
|construction dateconstruction_date = <!-- either roll-out date or span of time for lengthy projects, whichever seems more appropriate -->
|civil registrationcivil_registration = NX7715C
|military serialmilitary_serial =
|radio coderadio_code = <!-- military radio codes where this is a commonly-used way of identifying this aircraft (eg. US, British, and German military aircraft of WWII -->
|first flightfirst_flight = <!-- date of first flight -->
|owners = <!-- owners or operators, whether private individuals, companies, or military services -->
|in servicein_service =
|flights = <!-- number of flights made by this aircraft, usually only relevant for an aircraft no longer flying -->
|total hourstotal_hours = <!-- total number of hours flown by this aircraft, usually only relevant for an aircraft no longer flying -->
|total distancetotal_distance = <!-- total distance flown by this aircraft, usually only relevant for an aircraft no longer flying -->
|fate = Destroyed during flight accident<!-- fate/disposition of this aircraft -->
|preservation = <!-- where this aircraft is currently preserved (if it is) -->
}}
|}
 
The '''''Red Baron''''' was a [[North American Aviation|North American]] [[North American P-51 Mustang|P-51D Mustang]] NX7715C, original serial number 44-84961. It raced from 1966 to 1973 under the names ''Miss R.J.'' and ''Roto-Finish Special'', winning Unlimited Gold in 1972. In February 1974, it was purchased by Ed Browning of [[Red Baron Flying Service]] in [[Idaho Falls, Idaho]] and renamed the ''Red Baron''.<ref>[http://www.aviationandspacearts.com/Denver-Kissinger/RB_HistPopUp.html] aviationandspacearts.com Retrieved 12 July 2011.</ref>
 
==Design and development==
Browning hired two Lockheed engineers, Pete Law and Bruce Boland, and a team of other specialists to make major modifications to the plane, including installation of a [[Rolls-Royce Griffon]] 57 engine and [[contra-rotating propellers]] from an [[Avro Shackleton]].<ref>[http://www.enginehistory.org/Convention/2006/Presentations/LawPete/RedBaron/red_baron_1.shtml] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924000814/http://www.enginehistory.org/Convention/2006/Presentations/LawPete/RedBaron/red_baron_1.shtml |date=2015-09-24 }} enginehistory.org Retrieved 12 July 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|magazinejournal=Air Progress|date=November 1978|page=77|title=The Competitive Edge}}</ref> The larger engine required significant changes to the airframe, particularly the engine compartment. The contra-rotating propellers also created instability that required an increase in fin area, all of which cost Browning more than $300,000.<ref>Rourk, Dell.[https://books.google.com/books?id=2Zq4OKTCqzQC&pg=PA94&dq=%22steve+hinton%22+red+baron&hlpg=en&ei=PyYfTuHXB_G60AHOyqjgAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22steve%20hinton%22%20red%20baron&f=falsePA94 Racing for the Gold: The Story of Lyle Shelton and the Rare Bear.] Retrieved 14 July 2011.</ref>
 
With these changes, the aircraft became the dominant racer on the Unlimited circuit.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110425035851/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1095541/index.htm] Sports Illustrated, 29 Oct 1979.</ref> It was initially flown by Mac McClain and [[Daryl Greenamyer]]; in 1976, Greenamyer recommended [[Steve Hinton]] pilot the plane. Hinton won four consecutive Unlimited races in one year, and remains the only pilot ever to do so.<ref>[http://www.mustangsmustangs.us/thehangar/index.php?topic=124.0;wap2] mustangsmustangs.us Retrieved 12 July 2011.</ref>
 
==History==
On August 14, 1979, Hinton set the piston-driven aircraft 3-kilometer world speed record at 499.018&nbsp;mph<ref>[httphttps://articleswww.chicagotribune.com/1999-/12-/19/travel/9912190082_1_pistonhow-enginemodified-renois-racestoo-superchargermodified/] Chicago Tribune, 19 Dec 1999.</ref><ref>[http://www.aviationandspacearts.com/Denver-Kissinger/RB_HistPopUp.html] aviationandspacearts.com Retrieved 13 July 2011.</ref> at [[Tonopah, Nevada]], making Hinton, age 27, the youngest person ever to capture the speed record. The team was hoping for 100+ degree temperatures in the Nevada desert, conditions under which they believed they could achieve 530&nbsp;mph.<ref>Germain, Scott. [http://www.warbirdaeropress.com/articles/Boland/Boland.htm Legends of Air Racing ... Engineer Bruce Boland.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727084406/http://www.warbirdaeropress.com/articles/Boland/Boland.htm |date=2011-07-27 }} Warbird Aero Press. Retrieved 14 July 2011.</ref> The weather did not cooperate, however, and the cool 68-degree air held their speed just under 500&nbsp;mph. Even so, the record held for a decade.
 
On September 16, 1979, Hinton was racing the RB-51 in the [[Reno Air Races]] when a capacitor in the magneto failed, causing the engine to run on half its spark plugs. Not knowing what was wrong, Hinton pushed the plane to full throttle. This resulted in the supercharger carrying the extra pressure. Eventually, a bearing in the supercharger failed. Hinton finished the race in second place and moved to make an emergency landing. The supercharger failure resulted in a shaft failure, however; that shaft drove the oil pump, which in turn controlled the propeller pitch. The propellers went flat, acting as a huge air brake. The RB-51 crashed short of the runway. The wings were sheared off as the plane came down between two piles of rock and the fuel erupted in a fireball. The cockpit was thrown end-over-end away from the fire, yet Hinton survived with a broken back, leg, and ankle.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110425035851/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1095541/index.htm] Sports Illustrated, 29 Oct 1979.</ref><ref>[http://www.avweb.com/news/profiles/182922-1.html] avweb.com Retrieved 13 July 2011.</ref> His survival is attributed by one of the lead engineers, Pete Law, to additional braces and a roll bar installed on the cockpit.<ref>[http://www.enginehistory.org/Convention/2006/Presentations/LawPete/RedBaron/red_baron_1.shtml] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924000814/http://www.enginehistory.org/Convention/2006/Presentations/LawPete/RedBaron/red_baron_1.shtml |date=2015-09-24 }} Enginehistory.org Retrieved 13 July 2011.</ref>
 
The ''Red Baron'' was destroyed in the crash. Steve Hinton's company, Fighter Rebuilders, moved the dataplate, tailnumber 413334, and registration number NX7715C to P-51D serial number 44-73053, ''Wee Willy II''.<ref>[http://www.air-and-space.com/20050522%20Chino%20Flying%201.htm] air-and-space.com Retrieved 12 July 2011.</ref>
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