Senta: Difference between revisions

| subdivision_name1 = [[{{flag|Vojvodina]]}}

| coordinates = {{coord|45|5655|53|N|20|05|24|E|region:RS|display=inline,title}}

'''Senta''' ({{lang-sr-Cyrlcyrl|Сента}}, ({{IPA-|sh|sɛ̌ːnta|pron}}); [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: ''Zenta'', ({{IPA-hu|ˈzɛntɒ|pron}}); [[Romanian language|Romanian]]: ''Zenta'') is a town and municipality located in the [[BačkaNorth Banat District]] of the autonomous province of [[Vojvodina]], [[Serbia]]. It is situated on the bank of the [[Tisza|Tisa]] river in the geographical region of [[Bačka]]. The town has a population of 18,704, whilst the Senta municipality has 23,316 inhabitants (2011 census).

Archaeological finds indicate that the area around the modern settlement was populated from the [[prehistoric]] times. [[Neolithic]] and [[eneolithic]] societies settled in the vicinity of modern Senta thousands of years ago leaving credible traces of their presence. A [[Neolithic]] [[Tiszapolgár]]–[[Bodrogkeresztúr]] culture [[necropolis]] was found in Senta.<ref name="rastko">{{cite web|url=http://www.rastko.rs/arheologija/ntasic-eneolit.html|title=&#91;Projekat Rastko&#93; Nikola Tasic: Eneolitske kulture centralnog i zapadnog Balkana|publisher=rastko.rs|accessdateaccess-date=1 September 2015}}</ref> The first historic population that might have lived in the area were most likely the [[Agathyrsi]] (6th century BC). With certainty we can claim that the inhabitants of the early "Senta" in the 6th century AD were [[Sarmatian]]s, [[Slavs]] alike and [[Pannonian Avars|Avars]]. [[Hungarian people]] invaded the area during the great breakthrough of the [[Hungarian people|Magyar]]s in the 9th century AD.

According to historic records, the town was mentioned first in 1216 under the name ''Szintarev''. In this time, it was under administration of the medieval [[Kingdom of Hungary]]. The entire area was sacked by [[Mongol invasion of Europe|Mongols]] in 1241/42. After initial salvation, Senta saw more than two centuries of prosperity. Initially, the town was part of [[Bodrog]] county,<ref name="elte">{{cite web|url=http://lazarus.elte.hu/~mihalyi/proba/Hungary%201118.jpg|title=Image: Hungary%201118.jpg, (5683 × 4117 px)|publisher=lazarus.elte.hu|accessdateaccess-date=1 September 2015}}</ref> but from 1246 it was part of the [[Csanad]] County, and later part of the [[Csongrád]] County.<ref name="elte2">{{cite web|url=http://lazarus.elte.hu/~mihalyi/proba/Hungary%201370.jpg|title=Image: Hungary%201370.jpg, (5683 × 3917 px)|publisher=lazarus.elte.hu|accessdateaccess-date=1 September 2015}}</ref> Records also indicate that from the year 1440 an area south of Senta called [[Peser]] was under the control of the [[Serbian despots]]. In the second half of the 15th century there occurred a brief conflict, a small war of sorts, with the rivaling community of [[Szeged]]. Nevertheless, in the year 1506 Senta became a [[royal free city]], granted that by the [[Bohemian Crown|Czech]]–[[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]] King [[Vladislav II Jagellion]]. By that time Senta had a fort, a harbour and a [[catholic]] monastery. The peasant rebellions of 1514 did not include Senta in the wake of destruction. Although still under administration of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1525 there was an autonomous [[Serb]] militia stationed in the fort. Autonomous in terms of command since on the list of officers one can clearly note that Serb units had their own commanding officers, most notably [[Mihailo Konjović]] and [[Stevan Brančić]]. After the [[Battle of Mohács]] in 1526 Senta was no longer under administration of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the brief period of the reign of Serb Emperor [[Jovan Nenad]], Senta was part of Jovan Nenad's state and was a refuge for Serb forces. One may clearly acknowledge this due to the fact that after being seriously wounded in [[Szeged]], Jovan Nenad and his guards retreated towards Senta, only to be intercepted by Hungarian forces and murdered in the village of [[Tornjoš]]. After Jovan Nenad was murdered and his state collapsed, Senta was again placed under administration of the Kingdom of Hungary, until it came under full Ottoman control in 1542. During Ottoman conquest, local Hungarian population left this area, which was then populated by Serbs who came from other parts of the Ottoman Empire.<ref name="zetna.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.zetna.org/zek/konyvek/43/istor.html|title=Atila Pejin: Istorijat Sente|publisher=zetna.org|accessdateaccess-date=1 September 2015}}</ref>

During the second half of the 16th century and most of the 17th century Senta was under administration of the [[Ottoman Empire]] and the town and area were part of the [[Sanjak of Segedin]]. However, Ottomans only operated a garrison in the fort, while the population of settlement was [[Serbs|Serb]]. The reputed traveler, [[Evliya Çelebi]], visited Senta during his expeditions, and noted that it is a small place, quiet and calm with a fort, a mosque and a village with enough services to maintain itself. On the 15. October 1686 a skirmish between local Serb insurgence under [[Habsburg Monarchymonarchy|Habsburg]] command and a smaller Ottoman force occurred. The event is known as the [[First Battle of Senta]]. From the year 1686 to the more commonly known [[Battle of Senta]] in 1697 the town and its surroundings were no longer under Ottoman control, but at the same time were neither controlled by the Habsburgs.

On 11 September 1697 [[Prince Eugene of Savoy]] defeated the Ottoman army in the [[Battle of Zenta|Battle of Senta]], which was fought at this location, and after the [[Treaty of Karlowitz|Treaty of Karlovci]] in 1699, the town was included into [[Habsburg Monarchymonarchy]] as part of the [[Tisza]]–[[MureşMureș River(river)|Maros]] section of the [[Military Frontier]]. Amongst those involved in the battle was skilled Serb officer, Captain and later Colonel [[Jovan Popović Tekelija]], who after the conflict took command over part of the Frontier. During this period Senta was mainly populated by Serbs<ref name="zetna.org"/> and had a small [[Serbian Orthodoxy|Orthodox]] church. It was well fortified and protected by organized units of [[Serbian Militia|Serb militia]] called Frontiersmen. After the abolishment of this part of the Frontier in 1751, Senta was included into [[District of Potisje|District of Theiss]], which was part of the [[Bács-Bodrog County]] of the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867)|Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary]]. Many of the [[Serbs]] that lived in the town, and that now considered themselves humiliated by being reduced from soldiers to farmers, emigrated either to other parts of the Habsburg Monarchymonarchy where Military Frontier was still needed either to Russia (notably to [[New Serbia (Russian province)|New Serbia]] and [[Slavo-Serbia]]). One of the settlements in New Serbia was also named Senta by the Serb colonists.

Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The [[Köppen Climate Classification]] subtype for this climate is "[[Köppen climate classification#GROUPGroup C: Mild Temperate/mesothermal climates|Cfb]]" (Marine West Coast Climate/[[Oceanic climate]]).<ref name="weatherbase">{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=127041&cityname=Senta%2C+Severni+Banat%2C+Serbia&units= |title=Senta, Serbia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase) |publisher=weatherbase.com|accessdateaccess-date=1 September 2015}}</ref>

| source = <ref>{{cite web|title=2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia|url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Knjiga20.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia|accessdateaccess-date=19 March 2017}}</ref>

The ethnic composition of the municipality according to the census of 2011:<ref>{{cite web|title=Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији|url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Nacionalna%20pripadnost-Ethnicity.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=Republički zavod za statistiku|accessdateaccess-date=6 April 2019}}</ref>

The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):<ref name="stats18">{{cite web|title=MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, 2019.|url=https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2019/PdfE/G201913046.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=[[Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia]]|date=25 December 2019|accessdateaccess-date=28 December 2019}}</ref>

* [[Laslo ĐereDjere]], tennis player

Senta is twinned with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Testvérvárosaink|url=http://www.zenta-senta.co.rs/hu/1/p/11/29_08_2016_Nasi-bratski-gradovi.html/7|website=zenta-senta.co.rs|publisher=Senta|language=hu|accessdateaccess-date=2020-01-07}}</ref>