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{{short description|County of England}}▼
{{other meanings}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2022}}▼
{{Use British English|date=August 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
▲{{More citations needed|date=December 2022}}
▲{{short description|County of England}}
{{Infobox English county
| official_name = Oxfordshire
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| coordinates =
| region = [[South East England]]
 
| established_date =
| established_by =
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| government =
| joint_committees =
| admin_hq = [[Oxford]]
|largest_city= [[Oxford]]
| area_council_km2 = 2605
| area_council_rank = 19th
| iso_code = GB-OXF
| ons_codegss_code = 38E10000025
| gss_code nuts_code = TLJ14
| nuts_code = UKJ14
| districts_map = [[File:Oxfordshire numbered districts.svg|200px]]
| districts_key =
| districts_list = # [[Oxford]]
# [[Cherwell (district)|Cherwell]]
# [[South Oxfordshire]]
# [[Vale of White Horse]]
# [[West Oxfordshire]]
| MPs = [[List of parliamentary constituencies in Oxfordshire|7 Members of Parliament]]
{{plainlist|
*[[Robert Courts]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(Con)]]
*[[Anneliese Dodds]] {{Small|[[Labour Party (UK)|(Lab)]]: 2}}
* [[Layla Moran]] {{Small|[[Liberal Democrats (UK)|(Lib Dem)]]: 5}}▼
*[[John Howell (politician)|John Howell]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(Con)]]
}}
* [[David Johnston (British politician)|David Johnston]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(Con)]]
▲* [[Layla Moran]] [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|(Lib Dem)]]
* [[Victoria Prentis]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(Con)]]
| police = [[Thames Valley Police]]
| website = www.{{URL|https://oxfordshire.gov.uk}}
}}
 
'''Oxfordshire''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɒ|k|s|f|əər|d|ʃ|ər|,_|-|ʃ|ɪər}} {{respell|OKS|fahdfərd|shər|,_|-|sheer}}; abbreviated ''Oxon'') is a [[ceremonial county]] in [[South East England]]. The county is bordered by [[Northamptonshire]] and [[Warwickshire]] to the north, [[Buckinghamshire]] to the east, [[Berkshire]] to the south, and [[Wiltshire]] and [[Gloucestershire]] to the west. The city of [[Oxford]] is the largest settlement and [[county town]].
 
The county is largely rural, with an area of {{Convert|2605|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and a population of 691,667. After Oxford (162,100), the largest settlements are [[Banbury]] (54,355) and [[Abingdon-on-Thames]] (37,931). For local government purposes Oxfordshire is a [[non-metropolitan county]] with five districts. The part of the county south of the [[River Thames]], largely corresponding to the [[Vale of White Horse]] district, was [[Historic counties of England|historically]] part of [[Berkshire]].
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Oxfordshire was recorded as a county in the early years of the 10th century and lies between the [[River Thames]] to the south, the [[Cotswolds]] to the west, the [[Chilterns]] to the east and the Midlands to the north, with spurs running south to [[Henley-on-Thames]] and north to [[Banbury]].
 
Although it had some significance as an area of valuable agricultural land in the centre of the country, it was largely ignored by the Romans and did not grow in importance until the formation of a settlement at Oxford in the 8th century. [[Alfred the Great]] was born across the Thames in [[Wantage]], in the Vale of White Horse. The University of Oxford was founded in 1096, although its collegiate structure did not develop until later on. The university in the county town of [[Oxford]] (whose name came from [[Anglo-Saxon language|Anglo-Saxon]] ''Oxenaford'' = "ford for [[oxen]]") grew in importance during the Middle Ages and early modern period. The area was part of the Cotswolds wool trade from the 13th century, generating much wealth, particularly in the western portions of the county in the Oxfordshire Cotswolds. [[Morris Motors]] was founded in Oxford in 1912, bringing heavy industry to an otherwise agricultural county. The importancerole of agriculture as an employer declined rapidly in the 20th century; currently{{when|date=October 2020}} under one per cent of the county's population are involved due to high mechanisation.{{cn|date=October 2020}} Nevertheless, Oxfordshire remains a very agricultural county by land use, with a lower population than neighbouring Berkshire and Buckinghamshire, which are both smaller.
 
During most of its history, the county was partitioned as [[List of hundreds of England|fourteen divisions]] called [[hundred (division)|hundreds]], namely [[Bampton, Oxfordshire|Bampton]], [[Banbury (hundred)|Banbury]], [[Binfield]], [[Bloxham]], [[Bullingdon (hundred)|Bullingdon]], [[Chadlington (hundred)|Chadlington]], [[Dorchester (hundred)|Dorchester]], [[Ewelme]], [[Langtree (hundred)|Langtree]], [[Lewknor]], [[Pyrton]], [[Ploughley]], [[Thame (hundred)|Thame]] and [[Wootton, West Oxfordshire|Wootton]].
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[[File:Oxford back street - geograph.org.uk - 774471.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Brasenose Lane]] in Oxford city centre, a street onto which three colleges back.]]
[[File:Chemistry Research Laboratory Atrium.JPG|thumb|The University of Oxford's Chemistry Research Laboratory.]]
Oxfordshire has a completely comprehensive education system with 23 independent schools and 35 state secondary schools. Only eight schools do not have a [[sixth form]]; these are mostly in South Oxfordshire and Cherwell districts. Oxfordshire has a large number of leading independent schools, including public schools such as [[Radley College]].
 
The county has two universities: the ancient [[University of Oxford]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Six of world's top 20 universities are in UK|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-24024767|work=BBC|access-date=15 January 2021}}</ref> and the modern [[Oxford Brookes University]], which are both located in Oxford. In addition, [[Wroxton College]], located in [[Banbury]], is affiliated with [[Fairleigh Dickinson University]] of [[New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Four Worlds of Work: Preparing students for the global market|url=https://www.studyinternational.com/news/four-worlds-of-work-preparing-students-for-the-global-market/|work=Study International|access-date=15 January 2021}}</ref>
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| [[Great Faringdon]] civil parish
| In Berkshire until 1974.
|
|-
| 13
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