Ashura: Difference between revisions

▲[[Fasting]] on Ashura was likely a [[Judaism|Jewish]] practice adopted by the [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] after his arrival in the city of [[Medina]] in 622 [[Common Era|CE]],{{Sfn|Wensinck|Marçais|2012}} perhaps signifying Muhammad's sense of a shared prophetic mission with [[Moses in Islam|Moses]].{{Sfn|Peters|1994|p=204}} Although it remained optional, fasting on Ashura ceased to be a religious obligation after about a year when the relations with the Medinan [[Jews]] deteriorated.{{Sfn|Wensinck|Marçais|2012}} This transition is often associated with verses 2:183–5 of the [[Quran]], the central religious text in [[Islam]], which explicitly designate [[Ramadan]] as the month of fasting.{{Sfn|Reid|2011}} It also seems improbable that Ashura initially coincided with the tenth of Muharram.{{Sfn|Wensinck|Marçais|2012}}{{Sfn|Peters|1994|p=204}} Instead, Ashura was probably observed at first on the tenth of the first Jewish month of [[Tishrei]], known as [[Yom Kippur]] ({{Lit|day of atonement}}).{{Sfn|Peters|1994|p=204}}{{Sfn|Ayoub|2005|p=549}} The association of Ashura with the tenth of Muharram thus happened later, some time after the Jewish and [[Muslims|Muslim]] calendars diverged.{{Sfn|Wensinck|Marçais|2012}}{{Sfn|Peters|1994|p=204}} In turn, the calendars began to diverge when Muhammad forbade Jewish-type calendar adjustments in connection with verse 9:37 of the Quran.{{Sfn|Peters|1994|p=204}}{{Sfn|Newman|2023}}{{Sfn|Plessner|2012}}