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Line 1: {{Short description\|Queen of the United Kingdom from 1952 to 2022}} <!--See WP:SDDATES-->▼ {{Redirect\|Elizabeth of the United Kingdom\|\|Elizabeth II (disambiguation)\|and\|Elizabeth of the United Kingdom (disambiguation)}} {{Featured article}}▼ {{Pp\|sock\|small=yes}} ▲<!--See WP:SDDATES--> ▲{{Featured article}} {{Use British English\|date=September 2022}} {{Use dmy dates\|date=February 2024}} Line 50: '''Elizabeth II''' (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926{{Sndash}}8 September 2022) was <!-- please don't add "the" -->[[Queen of the United Kingdom]] and other [[Commonwealth realm]]s from 6 February 1952 until [[Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II\|her death]] in 2022. She was [[queen regnant]] of [[List of sovereign states headed by Elizabeth II\|32 sovereign states]] over the course of her lifetime and remained the monarch of 15 realms by the time of her death. Her reign of 70 years and 214 days is the [[List of monarchs in Britain by length of reign\|longest of any British monarch]] or [[female monarch]], and the [[List of longest-reigning monarchs\|second-longest verified reign of any monarch of a sovereign state in history]]. Elizabeth was born in [[Mayfair]], London, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, [[King George V]]. She was the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later [[King George VI]] and [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]]). Her father acceded to the throne in 1936 upon [[Abdication of Edward VIII\|the abdication]] of his brother [[Edward VIII]], making the ten-year-old Princess Elizabeth the [[heir presumptive]]. She was educated privately at home and began to undertake public duties during the Second World War, serving in the [[Auxiliary Territorial Service]]. In November 1947, ~~she~~ [[Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten\|she married]] ~~the~~[[Philip Mountbatten]], a former [[~~Prince Philip~~prince of Greece and Denmark]]~~, who had relinquished his foreign titles and naturalised as a British citizen~~. Their marriage lasted 73 years until [[Death and funeral of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh\|his death in 2021]]. They had four children: [[Charles III\|Charles]], [[Anne, Princess Royal\|Anne]], [[Prince Andrew, Duke of York\|Andrew]], and [[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh\|Edward]]. When [[Death and state funeral of George VI\|her father died]] in February 1952, Elizabeth—then 25 years old—became queen of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, [[Union of South Africa\|South Africa]], [[Dominion of Pakistan\|Pakistan]], and [[Dominion of Ceylon\|Ceylon]] (known today as Sri Lanka), as well as [[head of the Commonwealth]]. Elizabeth reigned as a [[constitutional monarch]] through major political changes such as [[the Troubles]] in Northern Ireland, [[devolution in the United Kingdom]], the [[decolonisation of Africa]], and the [[United Kingdom's accession to the European Communities]] as well as its [[Brexit\|subsequent withdrawal]]. The number of her realms varied over time as territories gained independence and some realms [[Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations\|became republics]]. As queen, Elizabeth was served by [[List of prime ministers of Elizabeth II\|more than 170 prime ministers]] across her realms. Her many historic visits and meetings included [[List of state visits made by Elizabeth II\|state visits]] to China in 1986, [[State visit by Elizabeth II to Russia\|to Russia]] in 1994, and [[State visit by Elizabeth II to the Republic of Ireland\|to the Republic of Ireland]] in 2011, and meetings with five popes and fourteen US presidents. Line 149: }} The 1960s and 1970s saw an acceleration in the [[decolonisation of Africa]] and the Caribbean. More than 20 countries gained independence from Britain as part of a planned transition to self-government. In 1965, however, the Rhodesian prime minister, [[Ian Smith]], in opposition to moves towards [[majority rule]], [[Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence\|unilaterally declared independence]] while expressing "loyalty and devotion" to Elizabeth~~, declaring her "[[Queen of Rhodesia]]"~~.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Williams \|first=Kate \|author-link=Kate Williams (historian) \|date=18 August 2019 \|title=As The Crown returns, watch out for these milestones \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/aug/18/tv-show-the-crown-returns-series-three-historian-kate-williams \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704002344/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/aug/18/tv-show-the-crown-returns-series-three-historian-kate-williams \|archive-date=4 July 2021 \|access-date=5 July 2021 \|work=[[The Guardian]] \|mode=cs2}}</ref> Although Elizabeth formally dismissed him, and the international community applied sanctions against Rhodesia, his regime survived for over a decade.{{Sfnm\|ps=none\|Bond\|2006\|1p=66\|Pimlott\|2001\|2pp=345–354}} As Britain's ties to its former empire weakened, the British government sought entry to the [[European Community]], a goal it [[Accession of the United Kingdom to the European Communities\|achieved in 1973]].{{Sfnm\|ps=none\|Bradford\|2012\|1pp=123, 154, 176\|Pimlott\|2001\|2pp=301, 315–316, 415–417}} In 1966, the Queen was criticised for waiting eight days before visiting the village of [[Aberfan]], where [[Aberfan disaster\|a mining disaster]] ~~claimed the lives of~~killed 116 children and 28 adults. Martin Charteris said that the delay, made on his advice, was a mistake that she later regretted.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=10 September 2022 \|title=Aberfan disaster: The Queen's regret after tragedy \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-42101460 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123064943/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-42101460 \|archive-date=23 November 2022 \|access-date=20 December 2022 \|work=BBC News \|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=17 November 2019 \|title=How filming the agony of Aberfan for The Crown revealed a village still in trauma \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/nov/17/television-drama-the-crown-portrays-aberfan-disaster \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221000005/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/nov/17/television-drama-the-crown-portrays-aberfan-disaster \|archive-date=21 December 2022 \|access-date=20 December 2022 \|website=The Guardian \|mode=cs2}}</ref> Elizabeth toured [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia\|Yugoslavia]] in October 1972, becoming the first British monarch to visit a [[communist country]].{{Sfn\|ps=none\|Hoey\|2022\|page=58}} She was received at the airport by President [[Josip Broz Tito]], and a crowd of thousands greeted her in [[Belgrade]].<ref>{{Cite news \|date=18 October 1972 \|title=Big Crowds in Belgrade Greet Queen Elizabeth \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/10/18/archives/big-crowds-in-belgrade-greet-queen-elizabeth.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606155117/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/10/18/archives/big-crowds-in-belgrade-greet-queen-elizabeth.html \|archive-date=6 June 2022 \|access-date=8 September 2022 \|work=The New York Times \|mode=cs2}}</ref> Line 222: [[File:A private audience with Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.jpg\|thumb\|left\|[[Virtual meeting]] with [[Cindy Kiro]] during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], October 2021]] On 5 April, in a televised broadcast watched by an estimated 24 million viewers in the United Kingdom,<ref>{{Cite news \|date=6 April 2020 \|title=Coronavirus: The Queen's message seen by 24 million \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-52183327 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710073241/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-52183327 \|archive-date=10 July 2021 \|access-date=5 July 2021 \|work=BBC News \|mode=cs2}}</ref> Elizabeth asked people to "take comfort that while we may have more still to endure, better days will return: we will be with our friends again; we will be with our families again; [[We'll Meet Again\|we will meet again]]."<ref>{{Cite news \|date=5 April 2020 \|title=Coronavirus: The Queen's broadcast in full \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-52176208 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825205418/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-52176208 \|archive-date=25 August 2021 \|access-date=5 July 2021 \|work=BBC News \|mode=cs2}}</ref> On 8 May, the 75th anniversary of [[VE Day]], in a television broadcast at 9 pm—the exact time at which her father had broadcast to the nation on the same day in 1945—she asked people to "never give up, never despair".<ref>{{Cite news \|date=8 May 2020 \|title=VE Day: UK's streets not empty as filled with love, says Queen \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-52590865 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709230720/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-52590865 \|archive-date=9 July 2021 \|access-date=5 July 2021 \|work=BBC News \|mode=cs2}}</ref> In 2021, she received her first and second [[COVID-19 vaccinations]] in January and April respectively.<ref>{{Multiref\|{{Cite news \|last=Busby \|first=Mattha \|date=9 January 2021 \|title=The Queen and Prince Philip receive first dose of Covid vaccine \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jan/09/the-queen-and-prince-philip-receive-first-dose-of-covid-vaccine \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184958/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jan/09/the-queen-and-prince-philip-receive-first-dose-of-covid-vaccine \|archive-date=9 July 2021 \|access-date=5 July 2021 \|work=The Guardian \|ref=none \|mode=cs2}}; \| {{Cite web \|last=Petit \|first=Stephanie \|date=1 April 2021 \|title=Queen Elizabeth Received Her Second COVID-19 Vaccine Before First Maskless Outing of the Year \|url=https://people.com/royals/queen-elizabeth-received-second-covid-vaccine-before-outing \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808020126/https://people.com/royals/queen-elizabeth-received-second-covid-vaccine-before-outing \|archive-date=8 August 2022 \|access-date=8 September 2022 \|website=People \|ref=none \|mode=cs2}}}}</ref> Prince Philip [[Death and funeral of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh\|died on 9 April 2021]], after 73 years of marriage, making Elizabeth the first British monarch to reign as a [[widow]] or widower since Queen Victoria.<ref>{{Multiref\|{{Cite news \|date=9 April 2021 \|title=Prince Philip: After over 70 years by her side, the Queen faces a future without her 'strength and stay' \|url=https://www.itv.com/news/2021-04-09/prince-philip-after-over-70-years-by-her-side-the-queen-faces-a-future-without-her-strength-and-stay \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409125554/https://www.itv.com/news/2021-04-09/prince-philip-after-over-70-years-by-her-side-the-queen-faces-a-future-without-her-strength-and-stay \|archive-date=9 April 2021 \|access-date=9 April 2021 \|work=ITV News \|mode=cs2}}; \| {{Cite news \|last=Elliott \|first=Caitlin \|date=9 April 2021 \|title=Queen will complete her reign in the same sad way as great-great grandmother Queen Victoria \|work=GoodtoKnow \|url=https://www.goodto.com/royal-news/queen-reign-prince-philip-died-queen-victoria-593479 \|url-status=live \|access-date=11 June 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611164919/https://www.goodto.com/royal-news/queen-reign-prince-philip-died-queen-victoria-593479 \|archive-date=11 June 2021 \|ref=none \|mode=cs2}}}}</ref> She was reportedly at her husband's bedside when he died,<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Tominey \|first=Camilla \|author-link=Camilla Tominey \|date=9 April 2021 \|title=Prince Philip's peaceful passing reflects a remarkable life lived in self-effacing dignity \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2021/04/09/prince-philips-peaceful-passing-reflects-remarkable-life-lived \|url-access=subscription \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410160905/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2021/04/09/prince-philips-peaceful-passing-reflects-remarkable-life-lived \|archive-date=10 April 2021 \|access-date=11 May 2021 \|work=The Telegraph \|mode=cs2}}</ref> and remarked in private that his death had "left a huge void".<ref>{{Cite news \|date=11 April 2021 \|title=Prince Philip: The Queen says his death has 'left a huge void' – Duke of York \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-56710086 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908161855/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-56710086 \|archive-date=8 September 2022 \|access-date=8 September 2022 \|work=BBC News \|mode=cs2}}</ref> Due to the COVID-19 restrictions in place in England at the time, Elizabeth sat alone at Philip's funeral service, which evoked sympathy from people around the world.<ref>{{Multiref\|{{Cite news \|last=Abraham \|first=Ellie \|date=17 April 2021 \|title=Social Media Reacts to 'heartbreaking' Image of Queen Sitting Alone at Prince Philip's Funeral \|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/royal-family/queen-alone-prince-philip-funeral-b1833152.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706220849/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/royal-family/queen-alone-prince-philip-funeral-b1833152.html \|archive-date=6 July 2022 \|access-date=8 September 2022 \|work=The Independent \|ref=none \|mode=cs2}}; \| {{Cite news \|last=Hassan \|first=Jennifer \|date=17 April 2021 \|title=Image of Queen Elizabeth II sitting alone at Philip's funeral breaks hearts around the world \|newspaper=The Washington Post \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/04/17/queen-funeral-alone-chapel-philip \|url-status=live \|access-date=8 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512191857/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/04/17/queen-funeral-alone-chapel-philip \|archive-date=12 May 2021 \|ref=none \|mode=cs2}}}}</ref> In her Christmas broadcast that year, which was ultimately her last, she paid a personal tribute to her "beloved Philip", saying, "That mischievous, inquiring twinkle was as bright at the end as when I first set eyes on him."<ref>{{Multiref\|{{Cite news \|date=25 December 2021 \|title=Queen's Christmas message pays tribute to 'beloved' Philip \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-59768736 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220143732/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-59768736 \|archive-date=20 February 2022 \|access-date=8 September 2022 \|work=BBC News \|mode=cs2}}; \| {{Cite news \|last=Ship \|first=Chris \|date=25 December 2021 \|title=Queen remembers 'mischievous twinkle' of Prince Philip in emotional Christmas message \|work=ITV News \|url=https://www.itv.com/news/2021-12-25/queen-remembers-mischievous-twinkle-of-philip-in-emotional-christmas-message \|url-status=live \|access-date=8 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215133432/https://www.itv.com/news/2021-12-25/queen-remembers-mischievous-twinkle-of-philip-in-emotional-christmas-message \|archive-date=15 February 2022 \|ref=none \|mode=cs2}}}}</ref> Line 242: {{Main\|Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II}} [[File:Memorial Offerings to Queen Elizabeth II at the George VI and Queen Elizabeth Memorial (11).jpg\|thumb\|left\|Tributes left in [[The Mall, London]]]] On 8 September 2022, Buckingham Palace stated, "Following further evaluation this morning, the Queen's doctors are concerned for Her Majesty's health and have recommended she remain under medical supervision. The Queen remains comfortable and at Balmoral."<ref>{{Cite news \|date=8 September 2022 \|title=Queen's doctors concerned for her health – palace \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-62836057 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908113739/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-62836057 \|archive-date=8 September 2022 \|access-date=8 September 2022 \|work=BBC News \|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|last=Davies \|first=Caroline \|date=8 September 2022 \|title=Queen under medical supervision at Balmoral after doctors' concerns \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/08/queen-under-medical-supervision-at-balmoral-after-doctors-concerns \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908114820/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/08/queen-under-medical-supervision-at-balmoral-after-doctors-concerns \|archive-date=8 September 2022 \|access-date=8 September 2022 \|work=The Guardian \|mode=cs2}}</ref> Her [[immediate family]] rushed to Balmoral.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=8 September 2022 \|title=Queen under medical supervision as doctors are concerned for her health. Prince Charles, Camilla and Prince William are currently travelling to Balmoral, Clarence House and Kensington Palace said \|url=https://news.sky.com/story/queen-under-medical-supervision-as-doctors-are-concerned-for-her-health-12692805 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908113720/https://news.sky.com/story/queen-under-medical-supervision-as-doctors-are-concerned-for-her-health-12692805 \|archive-date=8 September 2022 \|access-date=8 September 2022 \|publisher=Sky News \|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|last=Shaw \|first=Neil \|date=8 September 2022 \|title=Duke of York, Princess Anne and Prince Edward all called to Queen's side \|url=https://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/duke-york-princess-anne-prince-7562410 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908161855/https://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/duke-york-princess-anne-prince-7562410 \|archive-date=8 September 2022 \|access-date=8 September 2022 \|work=Plymouth Live \|mode=cs2}}</ref> She died peacefully at 15:10 [[British Summer Time\|BST]] at the age of 96.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Furness \|first=Hannah \|date=12 January 2024 \|title=King found out his mother had died while 'driving back to Balmoral from picking mushrooms' \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/01/12/king-picking-mushrooms-when-told-mother-had-died/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114003842/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/01/12/king-picking-mushrooms-when-told-mother-had-died/ \|archive-date=14 January 2024 \|access-date=14 January 2024 \|work=The Telegraph \|issn=0307-1235 \|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref name="COD">{{Cite news \|last=Coughlan \|first=Sean \|date=29 September 2022 \|title=Queen's cause of death given as 'old age' on death certificate \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-63078676 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001023647/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-63078676 \|archive-date=1 October 2022 \|access-date=29 September 2022 \|work=BBC News \|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Prynn \|first=Jonathan \|date=9 September 2022 \|title=Queen died 'with Charles and Anne by side as other royals dashed to Balmoral' \|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/queen-died-charles-anne-with-her-balmoral-b1024527.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909161357/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/queen-died-charles-anne-with-her-balmoral-b1024527.html \|archive-date=9 September 2022 \|access-date=17 October 2022 \|website=Evening Standard \|mode=cs2}}</ref> Her death was announced to the public at 18:30,<ref>{{Cite news \|date=8 September 2022 \|title=Queen Elizabeth II has died \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-61585886 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908173314/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-61585886 \|archive-date=8 September 2022 \|access-date=8 September 2022 \|work=BBC News \|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|last=Kottasová \|first=Ivana \|last2=Picheta \|first2=Rob \|last3=Foster \|first3=Max \|last4=Said-Moorhouse \|first4=Lauren \|date=8 September 2022 \|title=Queen Elizabeth II dies at 96 \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/08/uk/queen-health-supervision-gbr-intl/index.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908200025/https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/08/uk/queen-health-supervision-gbr-intl/index.html \|archive-date=8 September 2022 \|access-date=8 September 2022 \|publisher=CNN \|mode=cs2}}</ref> setting in motion [[Operation London Bridge]] and, because she died in Scotland, [[Operation Unicorn (Scotland)\|Operation Unicorn]].<ref>{{Cite news \|date=8 September 2022 \|title=Operation Unicorn: what happens after the Queen's death in Scotland? \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/08/operation-unicorn-plans-if-queen-dies-scotland \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908172120/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/08/operation-unicorn-plans-if-queen-dies-scotland \|archive-date=8 September 2022 \|access-date=4 October 2022 \|work=The Guardian \|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|date=8 September 2022 \|title="Operation Unicorn", Not "London Bridge": The Codename For Queen's Death \|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/operation-unicorn-not-london-bridge-the-codename-for-queen-elizabeth-iis-death-in-scotland-3328664 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921144025/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/operation-unicorn-not-london-bridge-the-codename-for-queen-elizabeth-iis-death-in-scotland-3328664 \|archive-date=21 September 2022 \|access-date=4 October 2022 \|publisher=[[NDTV]] \|agency=Agence France-Presse \|mode=cs2}}</ref> Elizabeth was the first monarch to die in Scotland since [[James V]] in 1542.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Silver \|first=Christopher \|date=13 September 2022 \|title=Elizabeth, the last Queen of Scots? \|url=https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/politics/elizabeth-the-last-queen-of-scots \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913161115/https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/politics/elizabeth-the-last-queen-of-scots \|archive-date=13 September 2022 \|access-date=26 September 2022 \|work=[[Prospect (magazine)\|Prospect]] \|mode=cs2}}</ref> Her [[death certificate]] recorded her cause of death as "[[old age]]".<ref name="COD" /><ref>{{Cite web \|date=29 September 2022 \|title=Queen Elizabeth died of 'old age', death certificate says \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/29/queen-elizabeth-died-of-old-age-death-certificate-says \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204115424/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/29/queen-elizabeth-died-of-old-age-death-certificate-says \|archive-date=4 December 2022 \|access-date=8 December 2022 \|website=The Guardian \|mode=cs2}}</ref> ~~However, biographer~~Biographer [[Gyles Brandreth]] ~~also~~ reported that Elizabeth was ~~battling~~suffering [[multiple myeloma]],<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Dawson \|first=Bethany \|title=Queen Elizabeth II was battling bone marrow cancer before she died, claims new book \|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/uk-queen-elizabeth-ii-had-cancer-before-she-died-new-book-claims-2022-11 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302151635/https://www.businessinsider.com/uk-queen-elizabeth-ii-had-cancer-before-she-died-new-book-claims-2022-11 \|archive-date=2 March 2024 \|access-date=2024-03-02 \|website=Business Insider \|language=en-US \|mode=cs2}}</ref> a form of [[bone marrow cancer]], when she died.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Dawson \|first=Bethany \|date=26 November 2022 \|title=Queen Elizabeth II was battling bone marrow cancer before she died, claims new book \|url=https://www.insider.com/uk-queen-elizabeth-ii-had-cancer-before-she-died-new-book-claims-2022-11 \|access-date=5 January 2024 \|website=Insider \|mode=cs2}}</ref> On 12 September, Elizabeth's coffin was carried up the [[Royal Mile]] in a procession to [[St Giles' Cathedral]], where the [[Crown of Scotland]] was placed on it.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=13 September 2022 \|title=The quiet symbolism of the Queen's farewell to Scotland \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-62887703 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923025129/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-62887703 \|archive-date=23 September 2022 \|access-date=22 September 2022 \|work=BBC News \|mode=cs2}}</ref> Her coffin lay at rest at the cathedral for 24 hours, guarded by the [[Royal Company of Archers]], during which around 33,000 people filed past it.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=13 September 2022 \|title=Queen's coffin vigil in Edinburgh witnessed by 33,000 people \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-62887444 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913081145/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-62887444 \|archive-date=13 September 2022 \|access-date=13 September 2022 \|website=BBC News \|mode=cs2}}</ref> On 13 September, the coffin was flown to [[RAF Northolt]] in west London to be met by Liz Truss, before continuing its journey by road to Buckingham Palace.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=13 September 2022 \|title=Plane carrying coffin of Queen Elizabeth lands in London \|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/plane-carrying-coffin-queen-elizabeth-lands-london-2022-09-13 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607051309/https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/plane-carrying-coffin-queen-elizabeth-lands-london-2022-09-13/ \|archive-date=7 June 2023 \|access-date=13 September 2022 \|website=Reuters \|mode=cs2}}</ref> On 14 September, her coffin was taken in a military procession to [[Westminster Hall]], where Elizabeth's body [[lay in state]] for four days. The coffin was guarded by members of both the [[Sovereign's Bodyguard]] and the [[Household Division]]. An estimated 250,000 members of the public filed past the coffin, as did politicians and other public figures.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=18 September 2022 \|title=In Photos: World Leaders Join Public to Pay Respects to Queen \|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/in-photos-world-leaders-join-public-to-pay-respects-to-queen/6752358.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113010743/https://www.voanews.com/a/in-photos-world-leaders-join-public-to-pay-respects-to-queen/6752358.html \|archive-date=13 January 2023 \|access-date=18 September 2022 \|publisher=[[Voice of America]] \|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=20 September 2022 \|title=At least 250,000 people lined up to see queen's coffin \|url=https://apnews.com/article/queen-elizabeth-ii-world-news-london-02d46942aed4734261b40f48571103f5 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920150200/https://apnews.com/article/queen-elizabeth-ii-world-news-london-02d46942aed4734261b40f48571103f5 \|archive-date=20 September 2022 \|access-date=20 September 2022 \|website=AP News \|mode=cs2}}</ref> On 16 September, Elizabeth's children held [[Vigil of the Princes#Queen Elizabeth II\|a vigil]] around her coffin, and the next day her eight grandchildren did the same.<ref name="secondvigil">{{Cite web \|last=Therrien \|first=Alex \|date=16 September 2022 \|title=Royals hold sombre watch over Queen's coffin \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-62934405 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923001332/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-62934405 \|archive-date=23 September 2022 \|access-date=16 September 2022 \|website=BBC News \|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Bowden \|first=George \|last2=Faulkner \|first2=Doug \|date=16 September 2022 \|title=Queen Elizabeth II's grandchildren to observe lying-in-state vigil \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-62922194 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922122319/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-62922194 \|archive-date=22 September 2022 \|access-date=16 September 2022 \|website=BBC News \|mode=cs2}}</ref> [[File:Queen Elizabeth II's Funeral and Procession (19.Sep.2022) - 23.jpg\|thumb\|Elizabeth's coffin on the [[State Gun Carriage of the Royal Navy]], during the procession to [[Wellington Arch]]]] Elizabeth's [[State funerals in the United Kingdom\|state funeral]] was held at Westminster Abbey on 19 September, which marked the first time a monarch's funeral service was held at the Abbey since [[George II of Great Britain\|George II]] in 1760.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=A History of Royal Burials and Funerals \|url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/about-the-abbey/history/a-history-of-royal-burials-and-funerals \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912200155/https://www.westminster-abbey.org/about-the-abbey/history/a-history-of-royal-burials-and-funerals \|archive-date=12 September 2022 \|access-date=11 September 2022 \|publisher=Westminster Abbey \|mode=cs2}}</ref> More than a million people lined the streets of [[central London]],<ref name="SkyN-Crowds">{{Cite news \|last=Minelle \|first=Bethany \|date=19 September 2022 \|title=Tens of thousands in London and Windsor as world says goodbye to the Queen at her funeral \|url=https://news.sky.com/story/crowds-gather-in-london-and-windsor-as-world-prepares-to-say-goodbye-to-the-queen-at-her-funeral-12701321 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919090242/https://news.sky.com/story/crowds-gather-in-london-and-windsor-as-world-prepares-to-say-goodbye-to-the-queen-at-her-funeral-12701321 \|archive-date=19 September 2022 \|access-date=19 September 2022 \|publisher=Sky News \|mode=cs2}}</ref> and the day was declared a holiday in several Commonwealth countries. In Windsor, a final procession involving 1,000 military personnel took place, which 97,000 people witnessed.<ref name="BBC News-2022">{{Cite news \|date=19 September 2022 \|title=Your complete guide to the Queen's funeral \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-60617519 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909001318/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-60617519 \|archive-date=9 September 2022 \|access-date=19 September 2022 \|work=BBC News \|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref name="SkyN-Crowds" /> Elizabeth's [[fell pony]] and two [[royal corgis]] stood at the side of the procession.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Heald \|first=Claire \|date=19 September 2022 \|title=Queen's corgis and pony wait at Windsor Castle as coffin approaches \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-62961120 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924014502/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-62961120 \|archive-date=24 September 2022 \|access-date=19 September 2022 \|website=BBC News \|mode=cs2}}</ref> After a committal service at [[St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle]], Elizabeth's body was interred with her husband Philip's in the [[King George VI Memorial Chapel]] later the same day, in a private ceremony attended by her closest family members.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=19 September 2022 \|title=Family say final goodbye as Queen buried next to Philip \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-62892350 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919001031/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-62892350 \|archive-date=19 September 2022 \|access-date=19 September 2022 \|work=BBC News \|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref name="BBC News-2022" /><ref>{{Cite news \|last=Hunter \|first=Sophie \|date=19 September 2022 \|title=The State Funeral for Her Majesty The Queen \|url=https://www.royal.uk/state-funeral-her-majesty-queen-0 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925015510/https://www.royal.uk/state-funeral-her-majesty-queen-0 \|archive-date=25 September 2022 \|access-date=19 September 2022 \|work=The Royal Family \|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=State Funeral for Her Majesty The Queen \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TN2vT_jpW1o \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220918203110/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=TN2vT_jpW1o \|archive-date=18 September 2022 \|access-date=19 September 2022 \|publisher=The Royal Family \|via=YouTube \|mode=cs2}}</ref> == Legacy == Line 298: === Arms === {{See also\|Flags of Elizabeth II}} From 21 April 1944 until her accession, Elizabeth's arms consisted of a [[Lozenge (heraldry)\|lozenge]] bearing the [[royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom]] differenced with a [[Label (heraldry)\|label]] of three points [[argent]], the centre point bearing a [[Tudor rose]] and the first and third a [[cross of Saint George]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Coat of Arms: Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth \|url=https://ltgov.bc.ca/lg/honours-awards/heraldry/shields/PrincessElizabeth1951.htm \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106035558/https://ltgov.bc.ca/lg/honours-awards/heraldry/shields/PrincessElizabeth1951.htm \|archive-date=6 November 2013 \|access-date=6 April 2013 \|publisher=[[Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia]] \|mode=cs2}}</ref> Upon her accession, she inherited the various arms her father held as sovereign, with a subsequently modified representation of the crown. Elizabeth also possessed [[Heraldic banner\|royal standards]] and personal flags for use [[Royal Standard of the United Kingdom\|in the United Kingdom]], [[Royal standards of Canada\|Canada]], [[Queen's Personal Australian Flag\|Australia]], [[Queen's Personal New Zealand Flag\|New Zealand]], [[Queen's Personal Jamaican Flag\|Jamaica]], and elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Berry \|first=Ciara \|date=15 January 2016 \|title=Personal flags \|url=https://www.royal.uk/personal-flags \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507180249/https://www.royal.uk/personal-flags \|archive-date=7 May 2016 \|access-date=18 April 2016 \|work=The Royal Family \|publisher=Royal Household \|mode=cs2}}</ref> {{image frame\|align=center\|border=no\|caption=\|content= Line 407: * [[List of special addresses made by Elizabeth II]] * [[Royal eponyms in Canada]] * [[List of covers of Time magazine (1920s)\|List of covers of ''Time'' magazine {{text\|(\|1920s}}]], [[List of covers of Time magazine (1940s)\|1940s]], [[List of covers of Time magazine (1950s)\|1950s]], [[List of covers of Time magazine (2010s)\|2010s)]] ==Notes== Line 652: [[Category:House of Windsor]] [[Category:Jewellery collectors]] [[Category:Lord ~~High~~high ~~Admirals~~admirals of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Monarchs of Ceylon]] [[Category:Monarchs of the Isle of Man]]