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Since [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] was elected president in 1932, the Democratic Party has promoted a [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] platform that includes support for [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] and [[Unemployment insurance in the United States|unemployment insurance]].<ref name="sarnold">{{cite book|last=Arnold|first=N. Scott|title=Imposing values: an essay on liberalism and regulation|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|page=3|isbn=9780495501121|quote=Modern liberalism occupies the left-of-center in the traditional political spectrum and is represented by the Democratic Party in the United States.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGNRRwkZFysC|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=October 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002180929/https://books.google.com/books?id=xGNRRwkZFysC&hl=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Geer |first=John G. |date=1992 |title=New Deal Issues and the American Electorate, 1952–1988 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/586295 |journal=Political Behavior |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=45–65 |doi=10.1007/BF00993508 |jstor=586295 |s2cid=144817362 |issn=0190-9320 |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229012045/https://www.jstor.org/stable/586295 |url-status=live |hdl=1803/4054 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name="egrigsby">{{cite book|last=Grigsby|first=Ellen|title=Analyzing Politics: An Introduction to Political Science|publisher=Cengage Learning|year=2008|pages=106–107|isbn=9780495501121|quote=In the United States, the Democratic Party represents itself as the liberal alternative to the Republicans, but its liberalism is for the most part the later version of liberalism—modern liberalism.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGNRRwkZFysC|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=October 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002180930/https://books.google.com/books?id=xGNRRwkZFysC&hl=en}}</ref> The [[New Deal]] attracted strong support for the party from recent European immigrants but diminished the party's pro-business wing.<ref>{{cite book|last=Prendergast|first=William B.|date=1999|title=The Catholic Voter in American Politics: The Passing of the Democratic Monolith|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=Georgetown University|isbn=978-0-87840-724-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B9nFwo5B1BQC|access-date=July 25, 2018|archive-date=October 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009095426/https://books.google.com/books?id=B9nFwo5B1BQC|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Marlin|first=George J.|date=2004|title=The American Catholic Voter: 200 Years of Political Impact|location=South Bend, Indiana|publisher=St. Augustine|isbn=978-1-58731-029-4|url=https://archive.org/details/americancatholic0000marl_2006|access-date=April 28, 2020|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>Michael Corbett et al. ''Politics and Religion in the United States'' (2nd ed. 2013).</ref> From late in Roosevelt's administration through the 1950s, a minority in the party's [[Southern Democrat|Southern wing]] joined with conservative Republicans to slow and stop progressive domestic reforms.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zeitz |first=Joshua |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The 'Unprecedented' House GOP Meltdown Isn't as Novel as You Think. And There Is a Way Out. |language=en |url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/10/16/broken-congress-history-00121564 |access-date=October 16, 2023 |archive-date=October 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016094650/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/10/16/broken-congress-history-00121564 |url-status=live }}</ref> Following the [[Great Society]] era of progressive legislation under [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], who was often able to overcome the [[conservative coalition]] in the 1960s, the core bases of the parties shifted, with the [[Southern strategy|Southern states becoming more reliably Republican]] and the Northeastern states becoming more reliably Democratic.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=February 15, 2015 |title=How Medicare Was Made |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/medicare-made |access-date=August 23, 2022 |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-US |url-access=limited |last=Zelizer |first=Julian E. |archive-date=March 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150304221801/https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/medicare-made |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="gallup2010">{{cite web |date=June 12, 2009 |title=Women More Likely to Be Democrats, Regardless of Age |url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/120839/Women-Likely-Democrats-Regardless-Age.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614010429/http://www.gallup.com/poll/120839/Women-Likely-Democrats-Regardless-Age.aspx |archive-date=June 14, 2010 |access-date=June 17, 2010 |publisher=Gallup}}</ref> The party's [[Labor unions in the United States|labor union]] element has become smaller since the 1970s,<ref name="Kullgren-2020">{{Cite web |last=Kullgren |first=Ian |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Union Workers Weren't a Lock for Biden. Here's Why That Matters |url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/daily-labor-report/union-workers-werent-a-lock-for-biden-heres-why-that-matters |access-date=November 3, 2022 |website=[[Bloomberg Law]] |language=en |archive-date=November 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103045842/https://news.bloomberglaw.com/daily-labor-report/union-workers-werent-a-lock-for-biden-heres-why-that-matters |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Frank |first=Thomas |url=https://archive.org/details/listenliberalorw0000fran |url-access=registration |title=Listen, liberal, or, What ever happened to the party of the people? |date=2016 |isbn=978-1-62779-539-5 |edition=First |location=New York |publisher=Henry Holt and Company |oclc=908628802}}</ref> and as the American electorate shifted in a more conservative direction following the [[Presidency of Ronald Reagan]], the election of [[Bill Clinton]] marked a move for the party toward the [[Third Way]], moving the party's economic stance towards market-based economic policy.<ref name="Hale-1995" /><ref name="Wills-1997" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Edsall |first=Thomas B. |date=June 28, 1998 |title=Clinton and Blair envision a 'Third Way' international movement |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1998/06/28/clinton-and-blair-envision-a-third-way-international-movement/0bc00486-bd6d-4da4-a970-5255d7aa25d8/ |access-date=November 1, 2022 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=November 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127213150/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1998/06/28/clinton-and-blair-envision-a-third-way-international-movement/0bc00486-bd6d-4da4-a970-5255d7aa25d8/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Barack Obama]] oversaw the party's passage of the [[Affordable Care Act]] in 2010. During [[Joe Biden]]'s presidency, the party has adopted an increasingly [[Economic progressivism|progressive economic agenda]].<ref name="Hacker-2024"/><ref name="Gerstle2022">{{cite book |last=Gerstle |first=Gary |author-link=Gary Gerstle |date=2022 |title=The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order: America and the World in the Free Market Era |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-neoliberal-order-9780197519646?cc=us&lang=en& |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|quote=The most sweeping account of how neoliberalism came to dominate American politics for nearly a half century before crashing against the forces of Trumpism on the right and a new progressivism on the left.|isbn=978-0197519646}}</ref>
In the 21st century, the party is strongest among [[Urban–rural political divide|urban voters]],<ref name="McGreal">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/10/democrats-iowa-kansas-rural-votes-scholten-king|title=Can Democrats ever win back white, rural America?|first=Chris|last=McGreal|date=November 11, 2018|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308080818/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/10/democrats-iowa-kansas-rural-votes-scholten-king|archive-date=March 8, 2019|url-status=live|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="cities">{{cite web |last1=Thompson |first1=Derek |title=How Democrats Conquered the City |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/09/brief-history-how-democrats-conquered-city/597955/ |website=The Atlantic |date=September 13, 2019 |access-date=March 13, 2020 |archive-date=March 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307075726/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/09/brief-history-how-democrats-conquered-city/597955/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Labor unions in the United States|union workers]], [[educational attainment in the United States|college graduates]],<ref name="Polarized by Degrees">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cambridge.org/us/universitypress/subjects/politics-international-relations/american-government-politics-and-policy/polarized-degrees-how-diploma-divide-and-culture-war-transformed-american-politics#contentsTabAnchor|title=Polarized by Degrees: How the Diploma Divide and the Culture War Transformed American Politics|first1=Matt|last1=Grossmann|first2=David A.|last2=Hopkins|website=Cambridge University Press|quote=Democrats have become the home of highly-educated citizens with progressive social views who prefer credentialed experts to make policy decisions, while Republicans have become the populist champions of white voters without college degrees who increasingly distrust teachers, scientists, journalists, universities, non-profit organizations, and even corporations.|access-date=May 23, 2024}}</ref><ref name="nymag.com">{{cite web|url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/10/education-polarization-diploma-divide-democratic-party-working-class.html|title=How the Diploma Divide Is Remaking American Politics|first1=Eric|last1=Levitz|website=[[New York (magazine)|New York Intelligencer]]|date=October 19, 2022|access-date=April 24, 2023|archive-date=October 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020215535/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/10/education-polarization-diploma-divide-democratic-party-working-class.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/17/opinion/education-american-politics.html|title=The 'Diploma Divide' Is the New Fault Line in American Politics|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 17, 2023|access-date=April 24, 2023|first1=Doug|last1=Sosnik|archive-date=April 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424073901/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/17/opinion/education-american-politics.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[woman|women]], [[African Americans]],<ref name="Blacks and the Democratic Party">{{cite web |last=Jackson |first=Brooks |date=April 18, 2008 |title=Blacks and the Democratic Party |url=http://www.factcheck.org/2008/04/blacks-and-the-democratic-party/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103050026/http://www.factcheck.org/2008/04/blacks%2Dand%2Dthe%2Ddemocratic%2Dparty/ |archive-date=November 3, 2011 |access-date=October 30, 2011 |publisher=FactCheck.org}}</ref><ref name="Bositis">{{Cite web |last=Bositis |first=David |title=Blacks and the 2012 Democratic National Convention; page 9, table 1: black votes in presidential elections, 1936 - 2008 |url=https://jointcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Blacks-and-the-2012-Democratic-National-Convention.pdf |website=Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies}}</ref><ref name="pewresearch.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2024/04/09/partisanship-by-race-ethnicity-and-education/|date=April 9, 2024|title=Partisanship by race, ethnicity and education|access-date=April 26, 2024|website=Pew Research Center}}</ref> [[LGBT|LGBT+ people]],<ref name="Activists and Partisan Realignment">{{cite journal|last1=Miller|first1=Gary|last2=Schofield|first2=Norman|year=2003|title=Activists and Partisan Realignment in the United States|journal=American Political Science Review|volume=97|issue=2|pages=245–260|doi=10.1017/S0003055403000650|doi-broken-date=August 7, 2024 |s2cid=12885628|issn=1537-5943|quote=By 2000, however, the New Deal party alignment no longer captured patterns of partisan voting. In the intervening 40 years, the Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts had triggered an increasingly race-driven distinction between the parties. ... Goldwater won the electoral votes of five states of the Deep South in 1964, four of them states that had voted Democratic for 84 years (Califano 1991, 55). He forged a new identification of the Republican party with racial conservatism, reversing a century-long association of the GOP with racial liberalism. This in turn opened the door for Nixon's "Southern strategy" and the Reagan victories of the eighties.}}</ref><ref name=Grossmann-2021>{{Cite journal |last1=Grossmann |first1=Matt |last2=Mahmood |first2=Zuhaib |last3=Isaac |first3=William |date=October 1, 2021 |title=Political Parties, Interest Groups, and Unequal Class Influence in American Policy |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/711900 |journal=The Journal of Politics |language=en |volume=83 |issue=4 |pages=1706–1720 |doi=10.1086/711900 |s2cid=224851520 |issn=0022-3816 |access-date=October 12, 2021 |archive-date=October 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029170940/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/711900 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Marital status|unmarried]]. On social issues, it advocates for [[Abortion-rights movements|abortion rights]],<ref name="Traister-2023">{{Cite web |last=Traister |first=Rebecca |date=March 27, 2023 |title=Abortion Wins Elections |url=https://www.thecut.com/article/abortion-democratic-party-2024-elections.html |access-date=April 7, 2023 |website=The Cut |language=en-us |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406181341/https://www.thecut.com/article/abortion-democratic-party-2024-elections.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Voting rights in the United States|voting rights]],<ref>{{cite web |title=What We Do |url=https://democrats.org/who-we-are/what-we-do/ |publisher=Democratic National Committee |access-date=July 17, 2024}}</ref>
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==== 1960s–1980s and the collapse of the New Deal coalition ====
{{see also|Civil Rights Movement}}
Issues facing parties and the United States after World War II included the [[Cold War]] and the [[civil rights movement]]. Republicans attracted conservatives and, after the 1960s, white Southerners from the Democratic coalition with their use of the [[Southern strategy]] and resistance to New Deal and [[Great Society]] liberalism. Until the 1950s, African Americans had traditionally supported the Republican Party because of its anti-slavery civil rights policies. Following the passage of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]] and [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]], the Southern states became more reliably Republican in presidential politics, while Northeastern states became more reliably Democratic.<ref name="Regional Variations in the Realignment of American Politics, 1944–2004">{{cite journal|last1=Bullock|first1=Charles S.|last2=Hoffman|first2=Donna R.|last3=Gaddie|first3=Ronald Keith|date=2006|title=Regional Variations in the Realignment of American Politics, 1944–2004|journal=Social Science Quarterly|volume=87|issue=3|pages=494–518|doi=10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00393.x|issn=0038-4941|quote=The events of 1964 laid open the divisions between the South and national Democrats and elicited distinctly different voter behavior in the two regions. The agitation for civil rights by southern blacks continued white violence toward the civil rights movement, and President Lyndon Johnson's aggressive leadership all facilitated passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. ... In the South, 1964 should be associated with GOP growth while in the Northeast this election contributed to the eradication of Republicans.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Stanley|first=Harold W.|date=1988|title=Southern Partisan Changes: Dealignment, Realignment or Both?|journal=The Journal of Politics|volume=50|issue=1|pages=64–88|doi=10.2307/2131041|issn=0022-3816|quote=Events surrounding the presidential election of 1964 marked a watershed in terms of the parties and the South (Pomper, 1972). The Solid South was built around the identification of the Democratic party with the cause of white supremacy. Events before 1964 gave white southerners pause about the linkage between the Democratic Party and white supremacy, but the 1964 election, passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 altered in the minds of most the positions of the national parties on racial issues.|jstor=2131041|s2cid=154860857}}</ref><ref name=Black-2003>{{cite book|url=http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674012486|title=The Rise of Southern Republicans |first1= Earl|last1= Black|first2= Merle |last2= Black|date=September 30, 2003 |publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674012486 |access-date=June 9, 2018|quote=When the Republican party nominated Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater—one of the few senators who had opposed the Civil Rights Act—as their presidential candidate in 1964, the party attracted many southern whites but permanently alienated African-American voters. Beginning with the Goldwater-versus-Johnson campaign more southern whites voted Republican than Democratic, a pattern that has recurred in every subsequent presidential election. ... Before the 1964 presidential election the Republican party had not carried any Deep South state for eighty-eight years. Yet shortly after Congress passed the Civil Rights Act, hundreds of Deep South counties gave Barry Goldwater landslide majorities.|archive-date=June 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135934/http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674012486|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Activists and Partisan Realignment" /> Studies show that Southern whites, which were a core constituency in the Democratic Party, shifted to the Republican Party due to [[White backlash|racial backlash]] and [[social conservatism]].<ref name="Issue Evolution">{{cite book|url=https://press.princeton.edu/titles/4385.html|title=Issue Evolution|date=September 6, 1990|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=9780691023311|access-date=June 9, 2018|archive-date=May 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516081536/https://press.princeton.edu/titles/4385.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Valentino-2005>{{cite journal|last1=Valentino|first1=Nicholas A.|last2=Sears|first2=David O.|author-link2=David O. Sears|year=2005|title=Old Times There Are Not Forgotten: Race and Partisan Realignment in the Contemporary South|journal=American Journal of Political Science|volume=49|issue=3|pages=672–88|doi=10.1111/j.1540-5907.2005.00136.x|issn=0092-5853|author-link1=Nicholas Valentino}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=Ilyana|last1=Kuziemko|first2=Ebonya|last2=Washington|title=Why Did the Democrats Lose the South? Bringing New Data to an Old Debate|journal=American Economic Review|year=2018|volume=108|issue=10|pages=2830–2867|doi=10.1257/aer.20161413|issn=0002-8282|doi-access=free}}</ref>
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The election of President [[John F. Kennedy]] from Massachusetts in 1960 partially reflected this shift. In the campaign, Kennedy attracted a new generation of younger voters. In his agenda dubbed the [[New Frontier]], Kennedy introduced a host of social programs and public works projects, along with enhanced support of the [[NASA|space program]], proposing a crewed spacecraft [[Apollo 11|trip to the moon]] by the end of the decade. He pushed for civil rights initiatives and proposed the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]], but with his [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy|assassination]] in November 1963, he was not able to see its passage.<ref>James T. Patterson, ''Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945–1974'' (1997).</ref>
Kennedy's successor [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] was able to persuade the largely conservative Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and with a more progressive Congress in 1965 passed much of the [[Great Society]], including [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] and [[Medicaid]], which consisted of an array of social programs designed to help the poor, sick, and elderly. Kennedy and Johnson's advocacy of civil rights further solidified black support for the Democrats but had the effect of alienating Southern whites who would eventually gravitate toward the Republican Party, particularly after the election of [[Ronald Reagan]] to the presidency in 1980. Many conservative [[Southern Democrats]] defected to the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], beginning with the passage of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]] and the general leftward shift of the party.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Miller|first1=Gary|last2=Schofield|first2=Norman|year=2008|title=The Transformation of the Republican and Democratic Party Coalitions in the U.S.|journal=Perspectives on Politics|volume=6|issue=3|pages=433–450|doi=10.1017/S1537592708081218|s2cid=145321253|issn=1541-0986|quote=1964 was the last presidential election in which the Democrats earned more than 50 percent of the white vote in the United States.}}</ref><ref
The United States' involvement in the [[Vietnam War]] in the 1960s was another divisive issue that further fractured the fault lines of the Democrats' coalition. After the [[Gulf of Tonkin Resolution]] in 1964, President Johnson committed a large contingency of combat troops to Vietnam, but the escalation failed to drive the [[Viet Cong]] from South Vietnam, resulting in an increasing [[Quagmire theory|quagmire]], which by 1968 had become the subject of widespread anti-war protests in the United States and elsewhere. With increasing casualties and nightly news reports bringing home troubling images from Vietnam, the costly military engagement became increasingly unpopular, alienating many of the kinds of young voters that the Democrats had attracted in the early 1960s. The protests that year along with assassinations of [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] and Democratic presidential candidate Senator [[Robert F. Kennedy]] (younger brother of John F. Kennedy) climaxed in turbulence at the hotly-contested [[1968 Democratic National Convention|Democratic National Convention]] that summer in Chicago (which amongst the ensuing turmoil inside and outside of the convention hall nominated Vice President [[Hubert Humphrey]]) in a series of events that proved to mark a significant turning point in the decline of the Democratic Party's broad coalition.<ref>Patterson, ''Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945–1974'' (1997).</ref>
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Arkansas governor [[Bill Clinton]] was one such figure, who was [[1992 United States presidential election|elected]] president in 1992 as the Democratic nominee. The [[Democratic Leadership Council]] was a campaign organization connected to Clinton that advocated a [[Political realignment|realignment]] and [[Triangulation (politics)|triangulation]] under the re-branded "[[New Democrats (United States)|New Democrat]]" label.<ref name="Geismer-2019">{{Cite web |last=Geismer |first=Lily |date=June 11, 2019 |title=Democrats and neoliberalism |url=https://www.vox.com/polyarchy/2019/6/11/18660240/democrats-neoliberalism |access-date=November 5, 2022 |website=Vox |language=en |quote=The version of neoliberalism embedded in these policies understood a distinct role for government to stimulate market-oriented solutions to address social ills such as unemployment and poverty. It thereby aimed not to eradicate the welfare state but rather to reformulate it. It extended the importance of poverty alleviation, which had long served as a benchmark of liberal policy, and had many similarities with the basic ideas of the war on poverty. |archive-date=November 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105045200/https://www.vox.com/polyarchy/2019/6/11/18660240/democrats-neoliberalism |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Hale-1995">{{Cite journal |last=Hale |first=Jon F. |date=1995 |title=The Making of the New Democrats |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2152360 |journal=Political Science Quarterly |volume=110 |issue=2 |pages=207–232 |doi=10.2307/2152360 |jstor=2152360 |issn=0032-3195 |access-date=August 24, 2022 |archive-date=December 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212194604/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2152360 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Wills-1997">{{Cite news |last=Wills |first=Garry |date=January 19, 1997 |title=The Clinton Principle |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/19/magazine/the-clinton-principle.html |access-date=August 24, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824024151/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/19/magazine/the-clinton-principle.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The party adopted a synthesis of [[Neoliberalism|neoliberal]] [[economic policies]] with [[cultural liberalism]], with the voter base after Reagan having shifted considerably to the [[Right (politics)|right]].<ref name="Geismer-2019" /> In an effort to appeal both to liberals and to fiscal conservatives, Democrats began to advocate for a [[balanced budget]] and [[market economy]] tempered by [[Economic interventionism|government intervention]] ([[mixed economy]]), along with a continued emphasis on [[social justice]] and [[affirmative action]]. The economic policy adopted by the Democratic Party, including the former [[Presidency of Bill Clinton|Clinton administration]], has been referred to as "[[Third Way]]".
The Democrats lost control of Congress in the [[Republican Revolution|
=== 21st century ===
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==== 2010s ====
In the [[2010 United States elections|2010 midterm elections]], the Democratic Party lost control of the House
Democrats were extremely critical of President Trump, particularly his policies on immigration, healthcare, and abortion, as well as his response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news|last=York|first=David Smith Molly Redden in New|date=April 1, 2016|title=Donald Trump's abortion remarks provoke biggest crisis of his campaign|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/mar/31/donald-trump-abortion-remarks-biggest-campaign-crisis |access-date=June 29, 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=July 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729191734/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/mar/31/donald-trump-abortion-remarks-biggest-campaign-crisis|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=McCormick|first=Stephanie Armour and John|date=March 14, 2020|title=Democrats Sharpen Criticism of Trump's Health-Care Policy in Coronavirus Pandemic|language=en-US|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/democrats-sharpen-criticism-of-trumps-health-care-policy-in-coronavirus-pandemic-11584195089 |access-date=June 29, 2020|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=July 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729182405/https://www.wsj.com/articles/democrats-sharpen-criticism-of-trumps-health-care-policy-in-coronavirus-pandemic-11584195089|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Trump WHO decision draws criticism from Democrats in US Congress|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/trump-decision-draws-criticism-democrats-congress-200415184644345.html |access-date=June 29, 2020|website=Al Jazeera |archive-date=July 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729193902/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/trump-decision-draws-criticism-democrats-congress-200415184644345.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2019, Democrats in the House of Representatives [[First impeachment of Donald Trump|impeached Trump
==== 2020s ====
[[File:Kamala Harris Vice Presidential Portrait.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[Kamala Harris]] (2021–2025), Democratic nominee for president in the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 presidential election]]]]
In November 2020, Democrat [[Joe Biden]]
In the [[2022 United States elections|2022 midterm elections]], Democrats dramatically outperformed historical trends
In July 2024, after a series of [[Age and health concerns about Joe Biden|age and health concerns]], Biden became the first incumbent president since [[Withdrawal of Lyndon B. Johnson from the 1968 United States presidential election|Lyndon B. Johnson in 1968]] to [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|withdraw]] from running for reelection, the first since the 19th century to withdraw after serving only one term,{{efn|All three incumbents in the 20th century to withdraw or not seek reelection—Calvin Coolidge, Harry S. Truman, and Lyndon B. Johnson—had succeeded to the presidency when their predecessor died, then won a second term in their own right.<ref name="Klassen-2024"/> Three presidents in the 1800s made and kept pledges to serve only one term, most recently [[Rutherford B. Hayes]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gendler |first1=Alex |title=US presidents who did not seek reelection |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/us-presidents-who-did-not-seek-reelection/7709836.html |work=Voice of America |date=July 23, 2024 |language=en |access-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724054720/https://www.voanews.com/a/us-presidents-who-did-not-seek-reelection/7709836.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}} and the only one to ever withdraw after already winning [[Democratic Party presidential primaries|the primaries]].<ref name="Klassen-2024">{{cite news |last1=Klassen |first1=Thomas |title=Biden steps aside, setting in motion an unprecedented period in American politics |url=https://theconversation.com/biden-steps-aside-setting-in-motion-an-unprecedented-period-in-american-politics-235189 |access-date=July 24, 2024 |work=The Conversation |date=July 21, 2024 |archive-date=July 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722044605/https://theconversation.com/biden-steps-aside-setting-in-motion-an-unprecedented-period-in-american-politics-235189 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kenning |first1=Chris |last2=Samuelsohn |first2=Darren |title='It's unprecedented': Biden's exit is a history-making moment in the American presidency |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/07/22/biden-drops-out-presidential-history/74491426007/ |access-date=July 23, 2024 |work=USA Today |archive-date=July 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725003155/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/07/22/biden-drops-out-presidential-history/74491426007/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
As of 2024, Democrats hold the presidency and a majority in the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]], as well as 23 [[List of United States governors|state governorships]], 19 [[List of United States state legislatures|state legislatures]], 17 state government [[Government trifecta|trifectas]], and the mayorships in the majority of the country's major cities.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.worldpress.org/article.cfm/mayors-of-the-30-largest-cities-in-the-united-states |title=Mayors of the 30 Largest Cities in the U.S. |access-date=July 11, 2023 |archive-date=July 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711234205/https://www.worldpress.org/article.cfm/mayors-of-the-30-largest-cities-in-the-united-states |url-status=live }}</ref> Three of the nine current [[U.S. Supreme Court]] justices were appointed by Democratic presidents. By registered members, the Democratic Party is the largest party in the U.S. and the [[List of largest political parties|fourth largest in the world]]. Including the incumbent Biden, 16 Democrats have served as president of the United States.<ref name="sarnold" />
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Each state also has a state committee, made up of elected committee members as well as ex officio committee members (usually elected officials and representatives of major constituencies), which in turn elects a chair. County, town, city, and ward committees generally are composed of individuals elected at the local level. State and local committees often coordinate campaign activities within their jurisdiction, oversee local conventions, and in some cases primaries or caucuses, and may have a role in nominating candidates for elected office under state law. Rarely do they have much direct funding, but in 2005 DNC Chairman Dean began a program (called the "50 State Strategy") of using DNC national funds to assist all state parties and pay for full-time professional staffers.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilgoff|first=Dan|title=Dean's List|date=July 16, 2006|url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/060716/24dems.htm|work=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709100930/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/060716/24dems.htm|archive-date=July 9, 2012|access-date=April 26, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In addition, state-level party committees operate in the territories of [[American Samoa Democratic Party|American Samoa]], [[Democratic Party of Guam|Guam]], and [[Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands|Virgin Islands]], the commonwealths of [[Democratic Party (Northern Mariana Islands)|Northern Mariana Islands]] and [[Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)|Puerto Rico]], and the [[District of Columbia Democratic State Committee|District of Columbia]], with all but Puerto Rico being active in nominating candidates for both presidential and territorial contests, while Puerto Rico's Democratic Party is organized only to nominate presidential candidates. The [[Democrats Abroad]] committee is organized by American voters who reside outside of U.S. territory to nominate presidential candidates. All such party committees are accorded recognition as state parties and are allowed to elect both members to the National Committee as well as delegates to the National Convention.
=== Major party committees and groups===
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=== Economic issues ===
The [[social safety net]] and strong [[Labor unions in the United States|labor unions]] have been at the heart of Democratic economic policy since the [[New Deal]] in the 1930s.<ref name="Larry E. Sullivan 2009 p 291" /> The Democratic Party's economic policy positions, as measured by votes in Congress, tend to align with those of the middle class.<ref
Since the 1990s, the party has at times supported [[Centrism|centrist]] economic reforms that cut the size of government and reduced market regulations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/19/wall-street-deregulation-clinton-advisers-obama|title=Wall Street deregulation pushed by Clinton advisers, documents reveal|author=Dan Roberts|newspaper=The Guardian |date=April 19, 2014|access-date=December 14, 2016|archive-date=January 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106185232/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/19/wall-street-deregulation-clinton-advisers-obama|url-status=live}}</ref> The party has generally rejected both [[Laissez-faire|''laissez-faire'' economics]] and [[market socialism]], instead favoring [[Keynesian economics]] within a capitalist market-based system.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mudge |first1=Stephanie |title=Leftism Reinvented: Western Parties from Socialism to Neoliberalism |date=2018 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |pages=167–213}}</ref>
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==== Health care ====
[[File:Obama signing health care-20100323.jpg|thumb|President Obama signing the [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]] into law in 2010]]
Democrats call for "affordable and quality health care" and favor moving toward [[universal health care]] in a variety of forms to address rising healthcare costs. Progressive Democrats politicians favor a [[single-payer health care|single-payer program]] or [[Medicare for All]], while liberals prefer creating a [[public health insurance option]].<ref
The [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]], signed into law by President [[Barack Obama]] on March 23, 2010, has been one of the most significant pushes for universal health care. As of December 2019, more than 20 million Americans have gained health insurance under the Affordable Care Act.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nova |first1=Annie |title=How the Affordable Care Act transformed our health-care system |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/29/how-the-affordable-care-act-transformed-the-us-health-care-system.html |website=CNBC |date=December 29, 2019 |access-date=July 22, 2020 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727041849/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/29/how-the-affordable-care-act-transformed-the-us-health-care-system.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
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Democrats have supported increased domestic [[renewable energy]] development, including wind and solar power farms, in an effort to reduce carbon pollution. The party's platform calls for an "all of the above" energy policy including clean energy, natural gas and domestic oil, with the desire of becoming energy independent.<ref name="democrats.org" /> The party has supported higher taxes on [[oil companies]] and increased regulations on [[coal power plant]]s, favoring a policy of reducing long-term reliance on [[fossil fuels]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.democrats.org/issues/energy_independence|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920002824/http://www.democrats.org/issues/energy_independence|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 20, 2010|title=Energy Independence|work=Democrats.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2014/06/02/coal-state-democrats-to-obama-curb-emissions-um-no-thanks/|title=Coal state Democrats to Obama: Curb emissions? Um, no thanks.|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|first=Sean|last=Sullivan|date=June 2, 2014|access-date=August 22, 2017|archive-date=May 13, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513225106/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2014/06/02/coal-state-democrats-to-obama-curb-emissions-um-no-thanks/|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, the party supports stricter [[fuel emissions standard]]s to prevent air pollution.
During his presidency, Joe Biden enacted the [[Inflation Reduction Act of 2022]], which is the largest allocation of funds for [[Climate change mitigation|addressing climate change]] in the history of the United States
====Trade====
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Like the Republican Party, the Democratic Party has taken widely varying views on immigration throughout its history. Since the 1990s, the Democratic Party has been more supportive overall of immigration than the Republican Party.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://press.princeton.edu/titles/11040.html|title=Trading Barriers|last=Peters|first=Margaret|date=2017|pages=154–155|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0691174471|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303043905/https://press.princeton.edu/titles/11040.html|archive-date=March 3, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Many Democratic politicians have called for systematic reform of the immigration system such that residents that have [[Illegal immigration to the United States|come into the United States illegally]] have a pathway to legal citizenship. President Obama remarked in November 2013 that he felt it was "long past time to fix our broken immigration system," particularly to allow "incredibly bright young people" that came over as students to become full citizens.<ref name="long-past">{{cite news |last=Frumin |first=Aliyah |title=Obama: 'Long past time' for immigration reform |date=November 25, 2013 |url=https://msnbc.com/hardball/obama-long-past-time-reform |publisher=[[MSNBC.com]] |access-date=January 26, 2014 |archive-date=January 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121145422/http://www.msnbc.com/hardball/obama-long-past-time-reform |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, Democrats in the Senate passed [[Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013|S. 744]], which would reform immigration policy to allow citizenship for illegal immigrants in the United States. The law failed to pass in the House and was never re-introduced after the [[113th Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/senate-border-vote-immigration-policies-trump-19977804?mod=hp_lead_pos1|title=Why Both Parties Have Shifted Right on Immigration—and Still Can't Agree|website=The Wall Street Journal|first1=Michelle|last1=Hackman|first2=Aaron|last2=Zitner|date=February 2, 2024}}</ref>
As of 2024, no major [[immigration reform in the United States|immigration reform]] legislation has been enacted into law in the 21st century, mainly due to opposition by the Republican Party.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=113&session=1&vote=00167 |title=U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote |publisher=Senate.gov |access-date=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=November 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110070108/http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=113&session=1&vote=00167 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/immigration-asylum-trump-biden-gang-of-eight-3d8007e72928665b66d8648be0e3e31f|website=AP News|title=Immigration reform stalled decade after Gang of 8's big push|date=April 3, 2023|access-date=April 3, 2023|archive-date=April 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403061526/https://apnews.com/article/immigration-asylum-trump-biden-gang-of-eight-3d8007e72928665b66d8648be0e3e31f|url-status=live}}</ref> Opposition to immigration has increased in the 2020s, with a majority of Democrats supporting increasing border security.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/647123/sharply-americans-curb-immigration.aspx|title=Sharply More Americans Want to Curb Immigration to U.S.|date=July 12, 2024|first1=JEFFREY M.|last1=JONES|quote=55% want immigration levels reduced, highest since 2001|website=Gallup}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/25/us/politics/harris-democrats-immigration.html|title=On Immigration, Harris and Democrats Walk a Delicate - and Harder - Line|date=August 25, 2024|first1=Jazmine|last1=Ulloa|first2=Zolan|last2=Kanno-Youngs|website=The New York Times}}</ref>
==== LGBT rights ====
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Support for same-sex marriage has steadily increased among the general public, including voters in both major parties, since the start of the 21st century. An April 2009 ABC News/''Washington Post'' public opinion poll put support among Democrats at 62%.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/images/PollingUnit/1089a6HotButtonIssues.pdf|title=Changing Views on Social Issues|date=April 30, 2009|access-date=May 14, 2009|archive-date=November 10, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101110130400/http://abcnews.go.com/images/PollingUnit/1089a6HotButtonIssues.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> A 2006 [[Pew Research Center]] poll of Democrats found that 55% supported gays adopting children with 40% opposed while 70% support [[Sexual orientation and military service|gays in the military]], with only 23% opposed.<ref>[http://people-press.org/report/273/less-opposition-to-gay-marriage-adoption-and-military-service Less Opposition to Gay Marriage, Adoption and Military Service] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310052909/http://people-press.org/report/273/less-opposition-to-gay-marriage-adoption-and-military-service |date=March 10, 2011}}. [[Pew Research Center]]. March 22, 2006.</ref> Gallup polling from May 2009 stated that 82% of Democrats support open enlistment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/120764/conservatives-shift-favor-openly-gay-service-members.aspx|title=Conservatives Shift in Favor of Openly Gay Service Members|publisher=[[The Gallup Organization|Gallup.com]]|date=June 5, 2009|first=Lymari|last=Morales|access-date=August 25, 2010|archive-date=May 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501214245/http://www.gallup.com/poll/120764/Conservatives-Shift-Favor-Openly-Gay-Service-Members.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> A 2023 Gallup public opinion poll found 84% of Democrats support same-sex marriage, compared to 71% support by the general public and 49% support by Republicans.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/506636/sex-marriage-support-holds-high.aspx|date=June 5, 2023|title=U.S. Same-Sex Marriage Support Holds at 71% High|first1=Justin|last1=McCarthy|access-date=June 5, 2023|archive-date=June 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605083325/https://news.gallup.com/poll/506636/sex-marriage-support-holds-high.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
The 2004 Democratic National Platform stated that marriage should be defined at the state level and it repudiated the [[Federal Marriage Amendment]].<ref name="platform">{{cite web|url=http://www.democrats.org/pdfs/2004platform.pdf |title=The 2004 Democratic National Platform for America|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041013001521/http://www.democrats.org/pdfs/2004platform.pdf |archive-date=October 13, 2004 }} {{small|(111 KB)}}</ref> [[John Kerry]], the Democratic presidential nominee in 2004, did not support same-sex marriage in [[John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign|his campaign.]] While not stating support of same-sex marriage, the 2008 platform called for repeal of the [[Defense of Marriage Act]], which banned federal recognition of same-sex marriage and removed the need for interstate recognition, supported antidiscrimination laws and the extension of hate crime laws to LGBT people and opposed "don't ask, don't tell".<ref name="UCLA press">{{cite web |date=November 26, 2008 |title=Gay Support for Obama Similar to Dems in Past Elections |url=http://www.law.ucla.edu/williamsinstitute/press/GaySupportForObamaSimilarToDemsInPastElections.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091209021908/http://www.law.ucla.edu/williamsinstitute/press/GaySupportForObamaSimilarToDemsInPastElections.html |archive-date=December 9, 2009 |access-date=June 17, 2010 |publisher=Law.ucla.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Garcia |first=Michelle |url=http://www.advocate.com/print-issue/advance/2012/04/22/year-democrats-embrace-marriage-equality |title=Is This the Year Democrats Embrace Marriage Equality? |publisher=Advocate.com |date=April 22, 2012 |access-date=October 2, 2013 |archive-date=October 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004234045/http://www.advocate.com/print-issue/advance/2012/04/22/year-democrats-embrace-marriage-equality |url-status=live}}</ref> The 2012 platform included support for same-sex marriage and for the repeal of DOMA.<ref name="NPR-
On May 9, 2012, [[Barack Obama]] became the first sitting president to say he supports same-sex marriage.<ref>{{cite news|url=
==== Status of Puerto Rico and D.C. ====
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==== Death penalty ====
{{See also|Capital punishment in the United States}}
The Democratic Party's 2020 platform states its opposition to the death penalty.<ref name="Protecting Communities and Building" /> Although most Democrats in Congress have never seriously moved to overturn the rarely used [[Capital punishment by the United States federal government|federal death penalty]], both [[Russ Feingold]] and [[Dennis Kucinich]] have introduced such bills with little success. Democrats have led efforts to overturn state death penalty laws,
In 1972, the Democratic Party platform called for the abolition of capital punishment.<ref name="1972-Platform">{{cite web |title=1972 Democratic Party Platform |via=American Presidency Project|url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/1972-democratic-party-platform|date=July 11, 1972|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408133915/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/1972-democratic-party-platform|archive-date=April 8, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
During his [[Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama|Illinois Senate career]], former President [[Barack Obama]] successfully introduced legislation intended to reduce the likelihood of [[Miscarriage of justice|wrongful convictions]] in capital cases, requiring videotaping of confessions. When [[Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign|campaigning for the presidency]], Obama stated that he supports the limited use of the death penalty, including for people who have been convicted of raping a minor under the age of 12, having opposed the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]]'s ruling in ''[[Kennedy v. Louisiana]]'' that the death penalty was unconstitutional in which the victim of a crime was not killed.<ref>[http://www.newser.com/story/30953/obama-backs-death-penalty-for-child-rapists.html "Obama Backs Death Penalty for Child Rapists"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527012457/http://www.newser.com/story/30953/obama-backs-death-penalty-for-child-rapists.html |date=May 27, 2009}}. [[Newser]], June 26, 2008. Retrieved June 10, 2009.</ref> Obama has stated that he thinks the "death penalty does little to deter crime" and that it is used too frequently and too inconsistently.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Candidates on the Death Penalty|url=http://pewforum.org/religion08/compare.php?Issue=Death_Penalty|access-date=July 26, 2009|publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704020036/http://pewforum.org/religion08/compare.php?Issue=Death_Penalty |archive-date=July 4, 2008}}</ref> In June 2016, the Democratic Platform Drafting Committee unanimously adopted an amendment to abolish the death penalty.<ref>{{cite web|title=Democratic Platform Drafting Meeting Concludes|url=https://demconvention.com/news/democratic-platform-drafting-meeting-concludes/|date=June 25, 2016|access-date=June 29, 2016|publisher=DNCC|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160802094026/https://demconvention.com/news/democratic-platform-drafting-meeting-concludes/|archive-date=August 2, 2016}}</ref>
==== Torture ====
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The Democratic Party believes that individuals should have a [[privacy law|right to privacy]]. For example, many Democrats have opposed the [[NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–07)|NSA warrantless surveillance of American citizens]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=107&session=1&vote=00313 |title=Senate roll call on passage of the PATRIOT Act |publisher=Senate.gov |date=April 25, 2017 |access-date=January 13, 2018 |archive-date=December 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205074052/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=107&session=1&vote=00313 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=House approves Patriot Act renewal |url=https://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/03/07/patriot.act/ |website=CNN.com |access-date=March 21, 2020 |archive-date=March 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321220837/https://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/03/07/patriot.act/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
Some Democratic officeholders have championed [[consumer protection]] laws that limit the sharing of consumer data between corporations. Democrats have opposed [[Sodomy laws in the United States|sodomy laws]] since the 1972 platform which stated that "Americans should be free to make their own choice of life-styles and private habits without being subject to discrimination or prosecution",<ref
=== Foreign policy issues ===
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==== Invasion of Afghanistan ====
{{see also|Afghanistan–United States relations|International public opinion on the war in Afghanistan}}
Democrats in the House of Representatives and in the Senate near-unanimously voted for the [[Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists]] against "those responsible for the [[September 11 attacks|recent attacks launched against the United States]]" in [[Afghanistan]] in 2001, supporting the [[NATO]] coalition [[Operation Enduring Freedom|invasion of the nation]]. Most elected Democrats continued to support the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|Afghanistan conflict]]
Support for the war among the American people diminished over time. Many Democrats changed their opinion over the course of the war, coming to oppose continuation of the conflict.<ref name="holland" /><ref name="edge" /> In July 2008, [[Gallup poll|Gallup]] found that 41% of Democrats called the invasion a "mistake" while a 55% majority disagreed.<ref name="edge">[http://www.gallup.com/poll/109150/Afghan-War-Edges-Iraq-Most-Important-US.aspx "Afghan War Edges Out Iraq as Most Important for U.S."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224202906/http://www.gallup.com/poll/109150/Afghan-War-Edges-Iraq-Most-Important-US.aspx |date=December 24, 2016}} by Frank Newport. [[Gallup poll|Gallup]]. July 30, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2009.</ref> A [[CNN]] survey in August 2009 stated that a majority of Democrats opposed the war. CNN polling director Keating Holland said: "Nearly two thirds of Republicans support the war in Afghanistan. Three quarters of Democrats oppose the war".<ref name="holland">[http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,25895398-12335,00.html Most Americans oppose Afghanistan war: poll] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810102232/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,25895398-12335,00.html |date=August 10, 2009}}. ''[[The Australian]]''. August 7, 2009. Retrieved August 24, 2009.</ref>
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The 2020 Democratic Party platform acknowledges a "commitment to Israel's security, its qualitative military edge, its right to defend itself, and the 2016 Memorandum of Understanding is ironclad" and that "we oppose any effort to unfairly single out and delegitimize Israel, including at the United Nations or through the [[Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions|Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions Movement]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://democrats.org/where-we-stand/party-platform/ |title=PARTY PLATFORM |publisher=Democrats.org |access-date=June 17, 2022 |archive-date=March 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315234633/http://www.democrats.org/democratic-national-platform |url-status=live }}</ref> During the [[2023 Israel–Hamas war|2023 Israel-Hamas War]], the party requested a large-scale military aid package to Israel.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shear |first=Michael D. |date=October 19, 2023 |title=Israel-Hamas War: Biden Urges U.S. to Remain 'Beacon to the World' in Aiding Allies at War |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/10/19/world/israel-hamas-war-gaza-news |access-date=October 20, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020160855/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/10/19/world/israel-hamas-war-gaza-news |url-status=live }}</ref> Biden also announced [[United States support for Israel in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war|military support for Israel]], condemned the actions of [[Hamas]] and other Palestinian militants as terrorism,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |date=October 10, 2023 |title=In Unforgiving Terms, Biden Condemns 'Evil' and 'Abhorrent' Attack on Israel |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/10/us/politics/biden-israel-hamas.html |access-date=October 12, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012001950/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/10/us/politics/biden-israel-hamas.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and ordered the US military to build a port to facilitate the arrival of [[Humanitarian aid during the Israel–Hamas war|humanitarian aid to Palestinian civilians in Gaza]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.voanews.com/a/biden-orders-us-military-to-build-port-in-gaza-to-facilitate-aid/7518026.html | title=Biden Ordering US Military to Build Port in Gaza to Facilitate Aid | date=March 7, 2024 }}</ref> However, parts of the Democratic base also became more skeptical of the Israel government.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Berg |first=Matt |date=April 14, 2024 |title=Voters think Biden should be tougher on Israel, new poll finds |newspaper=Politico |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/14/democrats-sympathetic-palestinians-israelis-poll-00152117 |access-date=June 16, 2024 |archive-date=May 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528005432/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/14/democrats-sympathetic-palestinians-israelis-poll-00152117 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Experts say support for Israel could have a negative impact on Democrats in several key states, including Michigan and Pennsylvania, in the 2024 presidential election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stepansky |first1=Joseph |title=
==== Europe, Russia, and Ukraine ====
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[[File:US states by percent union members (2017).svg|thumb|Percent of workforce belonging to a union in 2017{{legend|#034e7b|20+%}}{{legend|#0570b0|15–19.9%}}{{legend|#3690c0|10–14.9%}}{{legend|#74a9cf|5–9.9%}}{{legend|#a6bddb|0–4.9%}}]]
[[File:Americans with a bachelor's degree or higher by state.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|<div style="text-align: center">Proportion of Americans with a bachelor's degree or higher in each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico as of the 2021 American Community Survey</div>]]
Since the 2010s, the Democratic Party is strongest among urban residents, union workers, college graduates,<ref name="nymag.com"/><ref name="nytimes.com"/> most ethnic minorities,<ref name="pewresearch.org"/> the unmarried, and sexual minorities.<ref name="McGreal"/><ref name="Activists and Partisan Realignment"/> In the 2020 presidential election, Democrats won the majority of votes from African American, Hispanic, and Asian voters; young voters; women; LGBT voters; urban voters; voters with college degrees; and voters with no religious affiliation.<ref name=CNN-2020-Exit-Poll>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/election/2020/exit-polls/president/national-results|title=National Results 2020 President exit polls.|website=www.cnn.com}}</ref>
The victory of Republican [[Donald Trump]] in 2016 brought about a realignment in which many [[Educational attainment in the United States|voters without college degrees]], also referred to as "[[working class in the United States|working class]]" voters by many sources, voted Republican.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Cohn|first1=Nate|date=June 11, 2012|title=Obama's Problem With White, Non-College Educated Voters is Getting Worse|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/103969/obamas-problem-white-non-college-educated-voters-getting-worse|magazine=[[The New Republic]]|access-date=February 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite interview|last=Teixeira|first=Ruy|interviewer=[[Steve Inskeep]]|title=Democrats' Problem: White, Working-Class Voters|url=https://www.npr.org/2015/01/02/374511123/democrats-problem-white-working-class-voters|access-date=May 5, 2015|publisher=[[NPR]]|date=January 2, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/11/04/new-republican-party-working-class-coalition-00122822|title=The Emerging Working-Class Republican Majority|first=Patrick|last=Ruffini|date=November 4, 2023|website=POLITICO}}</ref> Many Democrats without college degrees differ from liberals in their more socially moderate views, and are more likely to belong to an ethnic minority.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/12/politics/republicans-democrats-different-worlds/index.html|title=Republicans and Democrats increasingly really do occupy different worlds|last=Brownstein|first=Ronald|work=CNN|access-date=October 24, 2018|archive-date=October 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024113248/https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/12/politics/republicans-democrats-different-worlds/index.html|url-status=live|quote=On the one hand, non-college whites almost always expressed more conservative views than did either non-whites or whites with a college degree living in the same kind of geographic area.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/10/31/the-democrats-midterm-challenge|title=The Democrats' Midterm Challenge|first1=Nicholas|last1=Lemann|access-date=August 3, 2024|date=October 24, 2022|magazine=The New Yorker|quote=The problem for the Democrats is ... the Party’s traditional working-class base—including the older, churchgoing Black voters who gave Biden his victories in the Democratic primaries in the South in 2020. There simply aren’t enough affluent, educated, socially liberal voters to generate strong majorities in national elections. Only about a third of registered voters have a college degree, and many of them vote Republican. The Democrats’ fundamental worry is that they will lose votes among the non-college-educated majority faster than they can gain votes among the college-educated minority.}}</ref><ref name="Teixeira-2022">{{Cite web |last=Teixeira |first=Ruy |author-link=Ruy Teixeira |date=November 6, 2022 |title=Democrats' Long Goodbye to the Working Class |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/11/democrats-long-goodbye-to-the-working-class/672016/ |access-date=November 8, 2022 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |language=en |quote=As we move into the endgame of the 2022 election, the Democrats face a familiar problem. America’s historical party of the working class keeps losing working-class support. And not just among White voters. Not only has the emerging Democratic majority I once predicted failed to materialize, but many of the non-White voters who were supposed to deliver it are instead voting for Republicans... From 2012 to 2020, the Democrats not only saw their support among White working-class voters — those without college degrees — crater, they also saw their advantage among non-White working-class voters fall by 18 points. And between 2016 and 2020 alone, the Democratic advantage among Hispanic voters declined by 16 points, overwhelmingly driven by the defection of working-class voters. In contrast, Democrats' advantage among White college-educated voters improved by 16 points from 2012 to 2020, an edge that delivered Joe Biden the White House. |archive-date=January 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107212010/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/11/democrats-long-goodbye-to-the-working-class/672016/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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Even after the New Deal, until the 2010s, the party still had [[conservative coalition|a fiscally conservative faction]],<ref name="blue-dog-regroup">{{cite news |last1=Kane |first1=Paul |date=January 15, 2014 |title=Blue Dog Democrats, whittled down in number, are trying to regroup |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/blue-dog-democrats-whittled-down-in-number-are-trying-to-regroup/2014/01/15/37d4e7e2-7dfd-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html |url-status=live |access-date=July 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116091758/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/blue-dog-democrats-whittled-down-in-number-are-trying-to-regroup/2014/01/15/37d4e7e2-7dfd-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html |archive-date=January 16, 2014 |quote=Four years ago, they were the most influential voting bloc on Capitol Hill, more than 50 House Democrats pulling their liberal colleagues to a more centrist, fiscally conservative vision on issues such as health care and Wall Street reforms.}}</ref> such as [[John Nance Garner]] and [[Howard W. Smith]].<ref>{{cite book|first=James T.|last=Patterson|title=Congressional Conservatism and the New Deal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8MfBgAAQBAJ&pg=PR7|year=1967|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|pages=vii–viii|isbn=9780813164045}}</ref> The party's [[Southern Democrats|Southern conservative]] wing began shrinking after President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] supported the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]], and largely died out in the 2010s, as the Republican Party built up its Southern base.<ref name="The long goodbye"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/24/upshot/southern-whites-loyalty-to-gop-nearing-that-of-blacks-to-democrats.html|title=Southern Whites' Loyalty to GOP Nearing that of Blacks to Democrats|first1=Nate|last1=Cohn|website=The New York Times|date=April 23, 2014}}</ref> The party still receives support from African Americans and urban areas in the Southern United States.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kilgore |first1=Ed |title=A Different Kind of Democratic Party Is Rising in the South |date=November 9, 2018 |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/11/changing-southern-democratic-party.html |publisher=New York Magazine |access-date=November 9, 2018}}</ref>
The 21st century Democratic Party is predominantly a coalition of centrists, liberals, and progressives, with significant overlap between the three groups. In 2019, the Pew Research Center found that among Democratic and Democratic-leaning registered voters, 47% identify as liberal or very liberal, 38% identify as moderate, and 14% identify as conservative or very conservative.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gilberstadt |first1=Hannah |last2=Daniller |first2=Andrew |date=January 17, 2020 |title=Liberals make up the largest share of Democratic voters, but their growth has slowed in recent years |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/01/17/liberals-make-up-largest-share-of-democratic-voters/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117201701/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/01/17/liberals-make-up-largest-share-of-democratic-voters/ |archive-date=January 17, 2020 |access-date=June 12, 2020 |website=Pew Research Center}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Brownstein |first1=Ronald |title=The Democrats' Coalition Could Fundamentally Change by 2020 |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2019/05/democrats-progressive-agenda-and-2020-election/589066/ |website=The Atlantic |date=May 9, 2019 |access-date=March 13, 2020 |archive-date=March 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323161712/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2019/05/democrats-progressive-agenda-and-2020-election/589066/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In recent [[exit poll]]s, the Democratic Party has had broad appeal across most socioeconomic and ethnic demographics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/2008/11/05/inside-obamas-sweeping-victory/|title=Inside Obama's Sweeping Victory|website=Pew Research Center|date=November 5, 2008|access-date=July 11, 2017|archive-date=July 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715170423/http://www.pewresearch.org/2008/11/05/inside-obamas-sweeping-victory/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref
=== Liberals ===
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A large majority of liberals favor moving toward [[universal health care]], with many supporting an eventual gradual transition to a [[single-payer health care|single-payer system]] in particular. A majority also favor diplomacy over [[war|military action]]; [[stem cell|stem cell research]], [[same-sex marriage in the United States|same-sex marriage]], stricter [[Gun politics in the United States|gun control]], environmental protection laws, as well as the preservation of [[pro-choice|abortion rights]]. Immigration and [[cultural diversity]] are deemed positive as liberals favor [[cultural pluralism]], a system in which immigrants retain their native culture in addition to adopting their new culture. Most liberals oppose increased military spending and the mixing of church and state.<ref name="Pew Research Center.">{{cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2021/11/09/beyond-red-vs-blue-the-political-typology-2/|title=Pew Research Center. (May 10, 2005). Beyond Red vs. Blue, p. 1 of 8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731155950/http://www.people-press.org/2005/05/10/beyond-red-vs-blue/|archive-date=July 31, 2012|access-date=July 12, 2007|url-status=dead |date=May 10, 2005}}</ref> They tend to be divided on [[United States free trade agreements|free trade agreements]] such as the [[USMCA]] and [[Permanent Normal Trade Relations|PNTR]] with China, with some seeing them as more favorable to corporations than workers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/2/18/18215442/2020-democratic-presidential-candidates-policies-trade|work=Vox|publisher=Vox.com|title=The big divide among 2020 Democrats over trade — and why it matters|date=February 18, 2019|access-date=May 10, 2019|archive-date=May 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508165656/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/2/18/18215442/2020-democratic-presidential-candidates-policies-trade|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2020, the three most significant labor groupings in the Democratic coalition were the [[AFL–CIO]] and [[Change to Win Federation|Change to Win]] [[National trade union center|labor federations]] as well as the [[National Education Association]], a large, unaffiliated teachers' union. Important issues for labor unions include supporting unionized manufacturing jobs, raising the [[minimum wage in the United States|minimum wage]], and promoting broad social programs such as [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] and [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lipka |first1=Michael |last2=Smith |first2=Gregory A. |date=January 31, 2020 |title=Among Democrats, Christians lean toward Biden, while 'nones' prefer Sanders |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/01/31/among-democrats-christians-lean-toward-biden-while-nones-prefer-sanders/ |access-date=November 16, 2020 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |archive-date=February 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211092938/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/01/31/among-democrats-christians-lean-toward-biden-while-nones-prefer-sanders/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
This ideological group differs from the traditional organized labor base. According to the [[Pew Research Center]], a plurality of 41% resided in [[mass affluent]] households and 49% were college graduates, the highest figure of any typographical group.<ref name="Polarized by Degrees"/> It was also the fastest growing typological group since the late 1990s to the present.<ref name="Pew Research Center."/> Liberals include most of academia<ref name="Kurtz, H. (March 29, 2005). College Faculties A Most Liberal Lot, Study Finds. ''The Washington Post''.">{{cite news|title=College Faculties A Most Liberal Lot, Study Finds|last=Kurtz|first=Howard|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A8427-2005Mar28.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|agency=Washingtonpost.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604090510/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A8427-2005Mar28.html|archive-date=June 4, 2012|access-date=July 2, 2007|date=March 29, 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref> and large portions of the professional class.<ref name="
=== Moderates ===
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The [[Blue Dog Coalition]] was formed during the [[104th United States Congress|104th Congress]] to give members from the Democratic Party representing conservative-leaning districts a unified voice after the Democrats' loss of Congress in the [[1994 United States House of Representatives elections|1994]] [[Republican Revolution]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dumain |first1=Emma |date=May 12, 2015 |title=20 years in, Blue Dogs not ready to roll over |url=https://www.rollcall.com/news/blue-dogs |website=rollcall.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://ross.house.gov/BlueDog/history.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120405021833/http://ross.house.gov/BlueDog/history.htm |archive-date=April 5, 2012 |access-date=April 10, 2012 |website=ross.house.gov/BlueDog/ |publisher=Blue Dog Coalition}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bendavid |first=Naftali |date=July 28, 2009 |title='Blue Dog' Democrats hold health care overhaul at bay |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> However, in the late 2010s and early 2020s, the Coalition's focus shifted towards ideological [[centrism]]. One of the most influential centrist groups was the [[Democratic Leadership Council]] (DLC), a nonprofit organization that advocated centrist positions for the party. The DLC disbanded in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 7, 2011 |title=Democratic Leadership Council will fold |url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/bensmith/0211/Democratic_Leadership_Council_will_fold.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626020036/http://www.politico.com/blogs/bensmith/0211/Democratic_Leadership_Council_will_fold.html |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |access-date=September 18, 2011 |website=Politico}}</ref>
Some Democratic elected officials have self-declared as being centrists, including former President Bill Clinton, former Vice President [[Al Gore]], Senator [[Mark Warner]], Kansas governor [[Laura Kelly]], former Senator [[Jim Webb]], and President [[Joe Biden
The New Democrat Network supports socially liberal and fiscally moderate Democratic politicians and is associated with the congressional [[New Democrat Coalition]] in the House.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Democrat Coalition |url=http://newdemocratcoalition.house.gov/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308074931/https://newdemocratcoalition.house.gov/ |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |access-date=March 11, 2022}}</ref> [[Annie Kuster]] is the chair of the coalition,<ref name="Members - New Democrat Coalition" /> and former senator and President [[Barack Obama]] was self-described as a New Democrat.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 10, 2009 |title=Obama: 'I am a New Democrat' |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2009/03/obama-i-am-a-new-democrat-019862#ixzz3o9jykSUe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419161022/http://www.politico.com/story/2009/03/obama-i-am-a-new-democrat-019862#ixzz3o9jykSUe |archive-date=April 19, 2017 |access-date=April 16, 2017 |work=Politico.com}}</ref>
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|[[Andrew Jackson]] (1767–1845)
|[[File:Andrew jackson
|[[Tennessee]]
|[[First inauguration of Andrew Jackson|March 4, 1829]]
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|[[Martin Van Buren]] (1782–1862)
|[[File:
|New York
|[[Inauguration of Martin Van Buren|March 4, 1837]]
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|11
|[[James K. Polk]] (1795–1849)
|[[File:
|[[Tennessee]]
|[[Inauguration of James K. Polk|March 4, 1845]]
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|14
|[[Franklin Pierce]] (1804–1869)
|[[File:
|[[New Hampshire]]
|[[Inauguration of Franklin Pierce|March 4, 1853]]
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|15
|[[James Buchanan]] (1791–1868)
|[[File:
|[[Pennsylvania]]
|[[Inauguration of James Buchanan|March 4, 1857]]
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|17
|[[Andrew Johnson]] (1808–1875)
|[[File:
|[[Tennessee]]
|[[Inauguration of Andrew Johnson|April 15, 1865]]{{Efn|Elected as Vice President with the [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union Party]] ticket in the 1864 presidential election. Ascended to the presidency after the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Rejoined the Democratic Party in 1868.}}
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|[[Woodrow Wilson]] (1856–1924)
|[[File:Thomas Woodrow Wilson, Harris & Ewing bw photo portrait, 1919 - black and white (cropped).jpg|65px]]
|[[New Jersey]]
|[[First inauguration of Woodrow Wilson|March 4, 1913]]
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|32
|[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] (1882–1945)
|[[File:FDR-1944
|New York
|[[First inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt|March 4, 1933]]
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|42
|[[Bill Clinton]] (born 1946)
|[[File:
|[[Arkansas]]
|[[First inauguration of Bill Clinton|January 20, 1993]]
| |||