|
| editor = [[Rich Lowry]]
| category = [[Editorial]] magazine, [[Conservatism in the United States|American conservatism]]
| frequency = Monthly<ref>{{Cite web |title=Behold! A New Magazine |website=National Review |date=August 20, 2023 |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/behold-a-new-magazine/ |access-date=October 30, 2023 |archive-date=June 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616020043/https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/behold-a-new-magazine/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| frequency = Biweekly
| publisher = [[E. Garrett Bewkes IV]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Garrett Bewkes |website=National Review |date=January 27, 2017 |url=http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/444340/national-review-welcomes-garrett-bewkes-publisher |access-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref>
| circulation_year = 2022
| total_circulation = 75,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/NR_MediaKit_2022_.pdf|access-date=1 Jul 2022|title=National Review Media Kit 2022|author=Jim Fowler|website=National Review|archive-date=June 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616015902/https://www.nationalreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/NR_MediaKit_2022_.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| founder = [[William F. Buckley Jr.]]
| firstdate = {{start date and age|1955|11|19}}
| company = National Review, Inc.
| based = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S.
| language = English
| website = {{urlURL|nationalreview.com}}
| issn = 0028-0038
}}
{{conservatism US}}
'''''National Review''''' is an [[Conservatism in the United States|American conservative]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefactual.com/blog/is-the-national-review-reliable/|title=Is the National Review Reliable?|first=Phillip|last=Meylan|date=September 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429183817/https://www.thefactual.com/blog/is-the-national-review-reliable/|archive-date=2022-04-29|website=The Factual|department=Blog}}</ref> editorial magazine, focusing on news and commentary pieces on political, social, and cultural affairs. The magazine was founded by the author [[William F. Buckley Jr.]] in 1955.<ref name="rperlstein"/> Its editor-in-chief is [[Rich Lowry]], and its editor is [[Ramesh Ponnuru]].
Since its founding, the magazine has played a significant role in the development of [[conservatism in the United States]], helping to define its boundaries<ref name="rperlstein"/> and promoting [[fusionism]] while establishing itself as a leading voice on the [[American right]].<ref name="rperlstein">{{cite news |last1=Perlstein |first1=Rick |title=I thought I understood the American Right |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/11/magazine/i-thought-i-understood-the-american-right-trump-proved-me-wrong.html?_r=4 |access-date=June 7, 2017 |work=The New York Times |date=April 11, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226163822/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/11/magazine/i-thought-i-understood-the-american-right-trump-proved-me-wrong.html?_r=4 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/21/politics/national-review-magazine-opposes-donald-trump/index.html |title=National Review, conservative thinkers stand against Donald Trump |last=Byers |first=Dylan |website=CNN |date=January 21, 2016 |access-date=April 5, 2017 |archive-date=June 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616015938/https://www.cnn.com/2016/01/21/politics/national-review-magazine-opposes-donald-trump/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="brooksd">{{cite news |last1=Brooks |first1=David |title=The Conservative Mind |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/25/opinion/brooks-the-conservative-mind.html |access-date=June 11, 2017 |work=The New York Times |date=September 24, 2017 |archive-date=June 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616015939/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/25/opinion/brooks-the-conservative-mind.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
The online version, '''''National Review Online''''', is edited by [[Philip Klein (editor)|Philip Klein]] and includes free content and articles separate from the print edition. The free content is limited, but National
Review Plus allows ad-free and unlimited access to both online and print articles.<ref>[http://www.nationalreview.com/media-kit/ Advertising Media Kit], ''National Review Online''.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nationalreview.com/nrplus-subscribe/ | title=National Review's NRPLUS Digital Membership | website=National Review | date=January 16, 2019 }}</ref>
==History==
[[Image:William F. Buckley, Jr. 1985.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[William F. Buckley Jr.]], the founder and first editor of ''National Review'', pictured in 1985]]
Before ''National Review''{{'}}s founding in 1955, the [[American right]] was a largely unorganized collection of people who shared intertwining philosophies but had little opportunity for a united public voice. They wanted to marginalize the [[antiwar]], noninterventionistic views of the [[Old Right (United States)|Old Right]].<ref>{{sfn|Nash, George H. (1976, |2006). ''The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945''. ISI Books: Wilmington, DE, |pp. 186–193.</ref>=186-193}}
In 1953, moderate Republican [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] was president, and many major magazines such as the ''[[Saturday Evening Post]]'', ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', and ''[[Reader's Digest]]'' were strongly conservative and anticommunist, as were many newspapers including the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' and ''[[St. Louis Globe-Democrat]]''. A few small-circulation conservative magazines, such as ''[[Human Events]]'' and ''[[The Freeman]]'', preceded ''National Review'' in developing [[Cold War]] Conservatismconservatism in the 1950s.<ref>{{sfn|Nash, ''The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945''. |2006|pp. 186–193.</ref>=186-193}}
In 1953, [[Russell Kirk]] published ''The Conservative Mind'', which traced an intellectual bloodline from [[Edmund Burke]]<ref name="autogenerated186">{{sfn|Frohnen, Bruce, Jeremy |Beer, and Jeffrey O. |Nelson (|2006) ''American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia''. ISI Books, Wilmington, DE, |pp. 186–188</ref>=186-188}} to the [[Old Right (United States)|Old Right]] in the early 1950s. This challenged the notion among intellectuals that no coherent conservative tradition existed in the United States.<ref name{{sfn|Frohnen|Beer|Nelson|2006|pp="autogenerated186" />186-188}}
A young [[William F. Buckley Jr.]] was greatly influenced by Kirk's concepts. Buckley had money; his father grew rich from oil fields in Mexico. He first tried to purchase ''[[Human Events]]'', but was turned down. He then met [[Willi Schlamm]], the experienced editor of ''[[The Freeman]]''; they would spend the next two years raising the $300,000 necessary to start their own weekly magazine, originally to be called ''National Weekly''.<ref>{{cite booksfn|first=Carl T.|last=Bogus|title=Buckley: William F. Buckley Jr. and the Rise of American Conservatism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HvGHFnwPljAC&pg=PT206|year= 2011|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]] |isbnp=9781608193554206}}</ref> (A magazine holding the trademark to the name prompted the change to ''National Review''.) The statement of intentions read:<ref>{{cite book|editor-first=Gregory L. |editor-last=Schneider|title=Conservatism in America since 1930: a reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U6hzBFw1ky8C&pg=PA195|year=2003|publisher=NYU Press|pages=195ff|isbn=9780814797990}}</ref>
<blockquote>Middle-of-the-Road, qua Middle of the Road, is politically, intellectually, and morally repugnant. We shall recommend policies for the simple reason that we consider them right (rather than “non"non-controversial”controversial"); and we consider them right because they are based on principles we deem right (rather than on popularity polls)... The [[New Deal]] revolution, for instance, could hardly have happened save for the cumulative impact of ''[[The Nation]]'' and ''[[The New Republic]]'', and a few other publications, on several American college generations during the twenties and thirties.</blockquote>
===Founding===
{{See also|Conservatism in the United States}}
On November 19, 1955, Buckley's magazine began to take shape. Buckley assembled an eclectic group of writers: traditionalists, Catholic intellectuals, libertarians, and ex-Communists. The group included: [[Revilo P. Oliver]], [[Russell Kirk]], [[James Burnham]], [[Frank Meyer (political philosopher)|Frank Meyer]], and [[Willmoore Kendall]], and Catholics [[L. Brent Bozell Jr.|L. Brent Bozell]] and [[Garry Wills]]. The former ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' editor [[Whittaker Chambers]], who had been a Communist spy in the 1930s, and then turned intensely anti-Communist, became a senior editor. In the magazine's founding statement Buckley wrote:<ref>[http://www.nationalreview.com/flashback/flashback200501030730.asp Our Mission Statement], ''National Review Online'', November 19, 1955<name="Mission_Statement"/ref>
<blockquote>The launching of a conservative weekly journal of opinion in a country widely assumed to be a bastion of conservatism at first glance looks like a work of supererogation, rather like publishing a royalist weekly within the walls of Buckingham Palace. It is not that of course; if ''National Review'' is superfluous, it is so for very different reasons: It stands athwart history, yelling Stop, at a time when no other is inclined to do so, or to have much patience with those who so urge it.</blockquote>
As editors and contributors, Buckley sought out intellectuals who were ex-Communists or had once worked on the far Leftleft, including Whittaker Chambers, [[Willi Schlamm|William Schlamm]], [[John Dos Passos]], Frank Meyer, and James Burnham.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=John P. |last=Diggins, "|title=Buckley's Comrades: The Ex-Communist as Conservative," ''|magazine=Dissent'' |date=July 1975, Vol. |volume=22 Issue |issue=4, pp. |pages=370–386}}</ref> When James Burnham became one of the original senior editors, he urged the adoption of a more pragmatic editorial position that would extend the influence of the magazine toward the political center. Smant (1991) finds that Burnham overcame sometimes heated opposition from other members of the editorial board (including Meyer, Schlamm, William Rickenbacker, and the magazine's publisher [[William A. Rusher]]), and had a significant effect on both the editorial policy of the magazine and on the thinking of Buckley himself.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Kevin |last=Smant, "|title=Whither Conservatism? James Burnham and 'National Review,' 1955–1964," ''|magazine=Continuity,'' |year=1991, Issue |issue=15, pp. |pages=83–97; Smant, ''Principles and Heresies: Frank S. Meyer and the Shaping of the American Conservative Movement'' (2002) pp. 33–66}}</ref>{{sfn|Smant|2002|pp=33-66}}
''National Review'' aimed to make conservative ideas respectable,<ref name="rperlstein"/> in an age when the dominant view of conservative thought was, as expressed by Columbia professor [[Lionel Trilling]]:,<ref>[{{cite web |url=http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=YjQ4Nzc2OTVjMWE1MzVkNWM5ZGYxZDUxNjY5YTFhYzU= |title=Golden Days] {{Webarchive|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504005250/http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=YjQ4Nzc2OTVjMWE1MzVkNWM5ZGYxZDUxNjY5YTFhYzU= |archive-date=May 4, 2007 }}, ''|website=National Review Online'', |date=October 27, 2005.}}</ref>
<blockquote>[L]iberalism is not only the dominant but even the sole intellectual tradition. For it is the plain fact that nowadays there are no conservative or reactionary ideas in general circulation... the conservative impulse and the reactionary impulse do not... express themselves in ideas but only... in irritable mental gestures which seek to resemble ideas.</blockquote>
<blockquote>[Buckley said that ''National Review'' ] stands athwart history, yelling Stop, at a time when no one is inclined to do so, or to have much patience with those who so urge it… it "is out of place because, in its maturity, literate America rejected conservatism in favor of radical social experimentation…sinceexperimentation... since ideas rule the world, the ideologues, having won over the intellectual class, simply walked in and started to…runto... run just about everything. There never was an age of conformity quite like this one, or a camaraderie quite like the Liberals’Liberals. '<ref name="Mission_Statement">{{Cite web|last=Buckley|first=William|title=Our Mission Statement|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/223549/our-mission-statement/william-f-buckley-jr|publisher=National Review Online|access-date=April 27, 2012|date=19 November 1955}}</ref ></blockquote> ▼William Buckley Jr. said of the purpose of ''National Review'':
▲<blockquote>[''National Review''] stands athwart history, yelling Stop, at a time when no one is inclined to do so, or to have much patience with those who so urge it… it is out of place because, in its maturity, literate America rejected conservatism in favor of radical social experimentation…since ideas rule the world, the ideologues, having won over the intellectual class, simply walked in and started to…run just about everything. There never was an age of conformity quite like this one, or a camaraderie quite like the Liberals’.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Buckley|first=William|title=Our Mission Statement|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/223549/our-mission-statement/william-f-buckley-jr|publisher=National Review Online|access-date=April 27, 2012|date=19 November 1955}}</ref></blockquote>
===Goldwater era===
''National Review'' promoted [[Barry Goldwater]] heavily during the early 1960s. Buckley and others involved with the magazine took a major role in the "Draft Goldwater" movement in 1960 and the 1964 presidential campaign. ''National Review'' spread his vision of conservatism throughout the country.<ref>{{sfn|Frohnen, Bruce, Jeremy |Beer, and Jeffrey O. |Nelson, eds. ''American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia''. (|2006) |pp. 601–604</ref>=601-604}}
The early ''National Review'' faced occasional defections from both left and right. [[Garry Wills]] broke with ''National Review'' and became a liberal commentator. Buckley's brother-in-law, [[L. Brent Bozell Jr.]] left and started the short-lived [[traditionalist Catholic]] magazine, ''[[Triumph (magazine)|Triumph]]'' in 1966.
Buckley and Meyer promoted the idea of enlarging the boundaries of conservatism through [[fusionism (politics)|fusionism]], whereby different schools of conservatives, including [[libertarians]], would work together to combat what were seen as their common opponents.<ref name="rperlstein"/>
Buckley and his editors used his magazine to define the boundaries of conservatism—and to exclude people or ideas or groups they considered unworthy of the conservative title. Therefore, they attacked the [[John Birch Society]], [[George Wallace]], and anti-Semites.<ref name="rperlstein"/><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-first=Roger |editor-last=Chapman, ''|encyclopedia=Culture wars: an encyclopedia of issues, viewpoints, and voices'' (|year=2009) vol. |volume=1 p. |page=58}}</ref>
Buckley's goal was to increase the respectability of the conservative movement; asin 2004, current editor [[Rich Lowry]], saidcompiled invarious 2004,quotes of articles commenting on Buckley's retirement including from [[The Dallas Morning News]]: "Mr. Buckley's first great achievement was to purge the American right of its kooks. He marginalized the anti-Semites, the John Birchers, the [[Nativism (politics)|nativists]] and their sort."<ref>[{{cite web |url=http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=ZDc3ZDExYWU5MjBiMDJiN2Q2YWM4Y2U4MWYyYTY1NzI= |title=A Personal Retrospective] {{Webarchive|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019044636/http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=ZDc3ZDExYWU5MjBiMDJiN2Q2YWM4Y2U4MWYyYTY1NzI= |archive-date=October 19, 2006 }}, ''|website=National Review Online'', |date=August 9, 2004}}</ref>
In 1957, ''National Review'' editorialized in favor of white leadership in the South, arguing that "the central question that emerges... is whether the White community in the South is entitled to take such measures as are necessary to prevail, politically and culturally, in areas where it does not predominate numerically? The sobering answer is Yes – the White community is so entitled because, for the time being, it is the advanced race."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://adamgomez.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/whythesouthmustprevail-1957.pdf|title=Why the South Must Prevail|last=Buckley|first=William F.|date=August 24, 1957|work=National Review|access-date=September 16, 2017|volume=4|pages=148–149|archive-date=March 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327054726/https://adamgomez.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/whythesouthmustprevail-1957.pdf|url-status=live |via=adamgomez.files.wordpress.com}}</ref><ref>Quoted in John B. {{harvnb|Judis, ''William F. Buckley, Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives'' (2001) |1988|p. =138}}</ref> By the 1970s ''National Review'' advocated colorblind policies and the end of [[affirmative action]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Laura |last=Kalman, ''|title=Right Star Rising: A New Politics, 1974–1980'' (|year=2010) p. |page=23 |oclc=449865532 |publisher=Norton |location=New York}}</ref>
In the late 1960s, the magazine denounced segregationist [[George Wallace]], who ran in Democratic primaries in 1964 and 1972 and made an independent run for president in 1968. During the 1950s, Buckley had worked to remove [[anti-Semitism]] from the conservative movement and barred holders of those views from working for ''National Review''.<ref>{{sfn|Judis, ''William F. Buckley, Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives'' |1988|pp. 283–287</ref>=283-287}} In 1962, Buckley denounced [[Robert W. Welch Jr.]] and the [[John Birch Society]] as "far removed from common sense" and urged the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] to purge itself of Welch's influence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/Goldwater--the-John-Birch-Society--and-Me-11248|title=Goldwater, the John Birch Society, and Me|work=Commentary|access-date=March 9, 2008|author=William F. Buckley Jr.|author-link=William F. Buckley Jr.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308122414/http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/Goldwater--the-John-Birch-Society--and-Me-11248|archive-date=March 8, 2008}}</ref>
===Supporting Reagan===
After Goldwater was defeated by [[Lyndon Johnson]] in 1964, Buckley and ''National Review'' continued to champion the idea of a conservative movement, which was increasingly embodied in [[Ronald Reagan]]. Reagan, a longtime subscriber to ''National Review'', became politically prominent during Goldwater's campaign. ''National Review'' supported his challenge to President [[Gerald Ford]] in 1976 and his successful 1980 campaign.
During the 1980s, ''National Review'' called for tax cuts, [[supply-side economics]], the [[Strategic Defense Initiative]], and support for President [[Ronald Reagan]]'s foreign policy against the [[Soviet Union]]. The magazine criticized the [[Welfarewelfare state]] and would support the [[Welfarewelfare reform]] proposals of the 1990s. The magazine also regularly criticized President [[Bill Clinton]]. It first embraced, and then rejected, [[Pat Buchanan]] in his political campaigns. A lengthy 1996 ''National Review'' editorial called for a "movement toward" drug legalization.<ref>{{cite web |title=The War on Drugs is Lost |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/12feb96/drug.html |website=National Review |access-date=November 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001025070707/https://www.nationalreview.com/12feb96/drug.html |archive-date=October 25, 2000 |date=February 12, 1996}}</ref>
In 1985, ''National Review'' and Buckley were represented by attorney [[J. Daniel Mahoney]] during the magazine's $16 million libel suit against ''[[The Spotlight]]''.<ref name="The Washington Times; October 25, 1985">{{cite news |last=Archibald|first=George|date=October 25, 1985 |title=Jury begged not to let Buckley 'punish and destroy' Spotlight|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP90-00965R000100200005-7.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123065429/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP90-00965R000100200005-7.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 23, 2017|work=The Washington Times|location=Washington, D.C.|page=3-A|access-date=August 29, 2017}}</ref>
[[Victor Davis Hanson]], a regular contributor since 2001, sees a broad spectrum of [[american conservatism|conservative]] and anti-[[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] contributors:
{{blockquote|In other words, a wide conservative spectrum—[[Paleoconservatism|paleo-conservatives]], [[neo-conservatives]], [[tea party movement|tea-party]] enthusiasts, the deeply [[religious]] and the [[agnostic]], both [[libertarians]] and [[social conservatives]], [[free market|free-marketeers]] and the more [[protectionism|protectionist]]—characterizes ''National Review''. The common requisite is that they present their views as a critique of prevailing [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal orthodoxy]] but do so analytically and with decency and respect.<ref>see [{{Cite web |last=Hanson |first=Victor Davis |date=1 December 2015 |title=The Home of Intellectual Populism Could Use Your Help |url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/418697/home-intellectual-populism-could-use-your-help-victor-davis-hanson Hanson, "The|website=National Home of Intellectual Populism Could Use Your Help" NRO 1 December, 2015]Review}}</ref>}}
The magazine has been described as "the bible of [[conservatism in the United States|American conservatism]]".<ref name="TitanicReshufflingDeckChairsNRCruise-NewRepublic">{{Cite magazine |last=Hari, |first=Johann |date=July 2, "2007 |title=Titanic: Reshuffling the Deck Chairs on the National Review Cruise", in ''|magazine=The New Republic'', vol.|page=31 |volume=237, |issue =1, July 2, 2007 (in ''MasterFile Premier'' (EbscoHost) (PDF) (subscription may be required)), p. 31}}</ref>
===Trump era===
In 2015, the magazine published an editorial entitledtitled "Against Trump,", calling him[[Donald Trump]] a "philosophically unmoored political opportunist" and announcing its adamant and uniform opposition to his [[2016 Republican Party presidential primaries|presidential candidacy]] for the Republican nomination for president.<ref>{{citeCite web |date=January 21, 2016 |title=Against Trump |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2016/01/donald-trump-conservative-movement-menace/ |titleurl-status=Againstlive Trump|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616015939/https://www.nationalreview.com/2016/01/donald-trump-conservative-movement-menace/ |websitearchive-date=NationalJune Review16, 2024 |access-date=JanuaryAugust 218, 20162018 |website=National Review}}</ref> SinceAfter Trump's election to the presidency and through his administration, the ''National Review'' editorial board has continued to criticize him.<ref>{{citeCite web |date=July 17, 2018 |title=The Mouth That Toured |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/07/trump-putin-meeting-finland-pathetic/ |titleurl-status=Thelive Mouth That Toured|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616015942/https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/07/trump-putin-meeting-finland-pathetic/ |websitearchive-date=NationalJune Review16, 2024 |access-date=JulyAugust 178, 2018 |website=National Review}}</ref><ref>{{citeCite web |date=July 3, 2018 |title=Against the Trump Trade Bill |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/07/donald-trump-trade-bill-wto-tariff-problematic/|title=Against the Trump Trade Bill |website=National Review |access-date=JulyAugust 38, 2018 |archive-date=August 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820012516/https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/07/donald-trump-trade-bill-wto-tariff-problematic/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{citeCite web |date=May 2, 2018 |title=Keep the Pressure on Kim |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/05/north-korea-kim-jong-un-talks-keep-pressure-on/|title=Keep the Pressure on Kim |website=National Review |access-date=MayAugust 28, 2018 |archive-date=August 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820012517/https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/05/north-korea-kim-jong-un-talks-keep-pressure-on/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=October 2023}}
However, following Trump's [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 electoral victory]] over [[Hillary Clinton]], some ''National Review'' and ''National Review Online'' contributors have takentook more varied positions on Trump. Hanson, for instance, supports him,<ref>{{citeCite web |last=Beinart |first=Peter |date=July 13, 2018 |title=The 'To Be Sure' Conservatives |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/07/to-be-sure/565094/ |titleurl-status=Thelive 'To|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616021427/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/07/to-be-sure/565094/ Be|archive-date=June Sure'16, 2024 Conservatives|firstaccess-date=Peter|last=BeinartAugust 8, 2018 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |date=July 13, 2018}}</ref> while ''National Review'' contributorsothers, such as editor Ramesh Ponnuru and contributor [[Jonah Goldberg]], have remained uniformly critical of Trump.<ref>{{citeCitation web|url=https://spectator.org/the-collapse-of-the-never-trump-conservatives/|title=The Collapse of the Never-Trump Conservatives|work=The American Spectator|first=Emerald|last=Robinsonwneeded|date=June 29, 2018|access-date=December 6, 20222024}}</ref> In a ''[[Washington Post]]'' feature on conservative magazines, T.A. Frank noted: "From the perspective of a reader, these tensions make ''National Review'' as lively as it has been in a long time."<ref>{{citeCite news |last=Frank |first=T.A. |date=January 25, 2018 |title=Welcome to the Golden Age of Conservative Magazines |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/style/wp/2018/01/25/feature/why-conservative-magazines-are-more-important-than-ever/|title=Welcome to the Golden Age of Conservative Magazines|newspaperurl-status=Thelive Washington Post|firstarchive-url=Thttps://web.Aarchive.org/web/20201116083725/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/style/wp/2018/01/25/feature/why-conservative-magazines-are-more-important-than-ever/ |last=Frank|archive-date=JanuaryNovember 2516, 20182020 |access-date=December 6, 2022 |work=The Washington Post}}</ref>
===Biden era===
InAs Trump announced his run for reelection in 2022 and throughout 2023, ''National Review'' has editorialized regularly against Trump'shim and his [[2024Donald UnitedTrump States presidential election|2024 presidential campaign|candidacy]].<ref>[{{Cite web |last=Cooke |first=Charles C. W. |date=January 25, 2023 |title=Trump has completely lost his grip of reality |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/01/trump-has-completely-lost-his-grip-on-reality/ "Trump|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425002029/https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/01/trump-has -completely -lost -his -grip of -on-reality"],/ ''National Review'', January|archive-date=April 25, 2023 |website=National Review}}</ref><ref>[{{Cite web |last=Cooke |first=Charles C. W. |date=March 21, 2023 |title=Pick one: conservatism or Trump |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/03/pick-one-conservatism-or-trump/ "Pick|url-status=live one|archive-url=https: //web.archive.org/web/20230425002031/https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/03/pick-one-conservatism -or-trump/ Trump"]|archive-date=April 25, ''2023 |website=National Review}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mastrangelo |first=Dominick |date=2022-11-16 |title=National Review on Trump in 2024: 'No', |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/media/3737958-national-review-on-trump-in-2024-no/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323194519/https://thehill.com/homenews/media/3737958-national-review-on-trump-in-2024-no/ |archive-date=March 2123, 20232024 |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref>
== ''National Review Online'' ==
A popular web version of the magazine, ''National Review Online'' ("N.R.O."), includes a digital version of the magazine, with articles updated daily by ''National Review'' writers, and conservative blogs. The on-lineonline version is called ''N.R.O.'' to distinguish it from the printed magazine. It also features free articles, though these deviate in content from its print magazine. The site's editor is [[Philip Klein (editor)|Phillip Klein]], who replaced [[Charles C. W. Cooke]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gold |first=Hadas |date=June 16, 2018 |title=Charles C. W. Cooke named Online editor at National Review |url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/on-media/2016/06/charles-w-cooke-named-national-review-online-editor-224428 |titleurl-status=Charleslive C|archive-url=https://web. Warchive. Cooke org/web/20160617150840/http://www.politico.com/blogs/on-media/2016/06/charles-w-cooke-named Online -national-review-online-editor-224428 at National Review|website=Politico|first=Hadas|last=Gold|archive-date=June 1617, 20182016 |access-date=June 18, 2016 |website=Politico}}</ref>
Each day, the site posts new content consisting of conservative, libertarian, and neoconservative opinion articles, including some syndicated columns, and news features.
It also features two [[blogs]]:
* '''The Corner'''<ref>{{citeCite web |title=The Corner |website=National Review |url=http://corner.nationalreview.com/|title=The Corner|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050922232245/http://corner.nationalreview.com/ |archive-date=September 22, 2005}}</ref> –is a selection of postings from a select group of the site's editors and affiliated writers discussing the issues of the day.
* '''Bench Memos'''<ref>{{citeCite web |title=Bench Memos |website=National Review |url=http://bench.nationalreview.com/|title=Bench Memos|accessurl-datestatus=Augustdead 30, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830063646/http://bench.nationalreview.com/ |archive-date=August 30, 2006 |urlaccess-statusdate=deadAugust 30, 2006}}</ref> –provides legal and judicial news and commentary.
[[Markos Moulitsas]], who runs the [[Liberalism in the United States|liberal]] ''[[Daily Kos]]'' web-site, told reporters in August 2007 that he does not read conservative blogs, with the exception of those on N.R.O.: "I do like the blogs at the ''National Review''—I do think their writers are the best in the [conservative] blogosphere," he said.<ref>[{{Cite web |date=August 2, 2007 |title=Markos speaks |url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/bensmith/0807/Markos_speaks.html "Markos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616021557/https://www.politico.com/blogs/ben-smith/2007/08/markos-speaks"],-002493 Ben|archive-date=June Smith16, blog2024 in ''|website=[[Politico|The Politico'',]] August|department=Ben 2,Smith 2007.Blog |first=Ben |last=Smith}}</ref>
== National Review Institute ==
The N.R.I. works in policy development and helping establish new advocates in the conservative movement. National Review Institute was founded by William F. Buckley Jr. in 1991 to engage in policy development, public education, and advocacy that would advance the conservative principles he championed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nationalreviewinstitute.org/|title=National Review|publisher=National Review Institute|access-date=June 18, 2010|archive-date=January 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110152050/http://nationalreviewinstitute.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In 2019, the [[Whittaker Chambers]] family prevailed on NRIthe N.R.I. to cease an award in Chambers' name, after an award to people whom the family found objectionable.<ref name=WSJ-Award>{{cite news|first=Jess|last=Bravin|author-link=Jess Bravin|title=Whittaker Chambers Award Draws Criticism{{snd}}From His Family: Family members say the conservative icon would be appalled by the recipients of the National Review's prize|work= Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/whittaker-chambers-award-draws-criticismfrom-his-family-11553765402|date=28 March 2019|access-date=30 March 2019|archive-date=March 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330031902/https://www.wsj.com/articles/whittaker-chambers-award-draws-criticismfrom-his-family-11553765402|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=WEF-Award>{{cite news|title=National Review Institute ends Whittaker Chambers Award amid his descendants' outcry over recipients|work=Washington Examiner|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/national-review-institute-ends-whittaker-chambers-award-amid-his-descendants-outcry-over-recipients|date=29 March 2019|access-date=30 March 2019|archive-date=March 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330144240/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/national-review-institute-ends-whittaker-chambers-award-amid-his-descendants-outcry-over-recipients|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=David|last=Chambers|title=Withdraw Whittaker|publisher=WhittakerChambers.org|url=https://whittakerchambers.org/about/whittaker-chambers-award/|date=31 March 2019|access-date=31 March 2019|archive-date=August 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804113517/https://whittakerchambers.org/about/whittaker-chambers-award/|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Finances ==
As with most political opinion magazines in the United States, ''National Review'' carries little corporate advertising. The magazine stays afloat from subscription fees, donations, and black-tie fundraisers around the country. The magazine also sponsors cruises featuring ''National Review'' editors and contributors as lecturers.<ref name="TitanicReshufflingDeckChairsNRCruise-NewRepublic" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nricruise.com/|title=The National Review Institute's 2024 Alaska CRUISE | June 16-23, 2024 | + Fairbanks/Denali Pre-cruise Package|website=nricruise.com|access-date=July 4, 2023|archive-date=June 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616021429/http://nricruise.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Buckley said in 2005 that the magazine had lost about $25,000,000 over 50 years.<ref>Shapiro, Gary. [http://www.nysun.com/pf.php?id=24259&v=6843329811 "An 'Encounter' With Conservative Publishing"], "Knickerbocker" column, ''[[The Sun (New York)|The New York Sun]]'', December 9, 2005.</ref>
== Presidential primary endorsements ==
''National Review'' sometimes endorses a candidate during the primary election season. Editors at ''National Review'' have said, "Our guiding principle has always been to select the most conservative viable candidate."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/223076/romney-president/editors|title=Nationalreview.com Romney for President|work=National Review|access-date=October 17, 2011|archive-date=October 16, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016093021/http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/223076/romney-president/editors|url-status=live}}</ref> This statement echoes what has come to be called "The Buckley Rule". In a 1967 interview, in which he was asked about the choice of presidential candidate, Buckley said, "The wisest choice would be the one who would win... I'd be for the most right, viable candidate who could win."<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IqwyAAAAIBAJ&dq=buckley%20rightward%20viable-candidate&pg=646%2C313367 |title= A Trip into Idea Land with Bill Buckley|access-date=October 17, 2011|work=The Miami News|date=April 18, 1967}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
These candidates were endorsed by ''National Review'':
{{col-startbegin}}
{{col-break}}
* 1956: [[Dwight Eisenhower]]
* 1972: [[John M. Ashbrook]]<ref name="Jonah Goldberg, December 15, 2011"/>
* 1976: [[Ronald Reagan]]
* 1980: ''No endorsement''<ref name="Jonah Goldberg, December 15, 2011"/>
* 1980: [[Ronald Reagan]]
* 1984: [[Ronald Reagan]]
* 1988: [[George H. W. Bush]]
* 2000: [[George W. Bush]]
* 2004: ''No endorsement''
* 2008: [[Mitt Romney]]<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/223076/romney-president/editors |title= Romney for President|author= <!--Not stated-->|date= December 11, 2007|website= National Review|access-date= October 17, 2011|archive-date= October 16, 2011|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111016093021/http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/223076/romney-president/editors|url-status= live}}</ref>
* 2012: ''No endorsement''<ref name="Jonah Goldberg, December 15, 2011"/>
* 2016: [[Ted Cruz]]<ref name="Ted Cruz Endorsement, March 11, 2016">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/432682/ted-cruz-national-review-endorses-texas-senator-president |title= Ted Cruz for President |website= National Review|date=March 11, 2016 |access-date=May 20, 2016}}</ref>
* 2020: ''No endorsement''<ref>{{cite news |title=The Task Ahead |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2020/10/the-task-ahead/ |access-date=29 November 2020 |work=National Review |date=15 October 2020 |archive-date=June 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616014226/https://www.nationalreview.com/2020/10/the-task-ahead/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{col-end}}
== Editors and contributors ==
{{more citations needed|section|date=November 2017}}
The magazine's editor-in-chief is [[Rich Lowry]]. Many of the magazine's commentators are affiliated with think-tanks such as [[The Heritage Foundation]] and [[American Enterprise Institute]]. Prominent guest authors have included [[Newt Gingrich]], [[Mitt Romney]], [[Peter Thiel]], and [[Ted Cruz]] in the on-lineonline and print edition.
=== Contributors ===
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Elliott Abrams]]
* [[Michael D. Aeschliman]]
* [[Richard Brookhiser]], senior editor
* [[Charles C. W. Cooke]], editor of ''N.R.O.''.
* [[Ramesh Ponnuru]]
* [[David Pryce-Jones]]
* [[Tom Rogan]]
* [[Noah Rothman]]
* [[Reihan Salam]]
=== Past contributors ===
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* [[David French (political commentator)|David French]] ▼* [[Renata Adler]]
* [[Steve Allen]]
* [[Thomas Fleming (political writer)|Thomas Fleming]]
* [[Samuel T. Francis]]
▲* [[David French (political commentator)|David French]]
* [[Milton Friedman]]
* [[David Frum]]
* [[Paul Gigot]]
* [[Nathan Glazer]]
* [[Stuart Goldman]]
* [[Paul Gottfried]]
* [[Michael Graham (radio personality)|Michael Graham]]
* [[Ethan Gutmann]]
* [[Whit Stillman]]
* [[Theodore Sturgeon]]
* [[Mark Steyn]]
* [[Thomas Szasz]]
* [[Allen Tate]]
== Controversies ==
=== BarackClimate Obamachange ===
According to Philip Bump of ''[[The Washington Post]]'', ''National Review'' "has regularly criticized and rejected the scientific consensus on climate change".<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/12/14/why-the-national-reviews-global-temperature-graph-is-so-misleading/ |title=Why this National Review global temperature graph is so misleading |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=December 14, 2015 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=May 22, 2018 |archive-date=May 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523172448/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/12/14/why-the-national-reviews-global-temperature-graph-is-so-misleading/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2015, the magazine published an intentionally deceptive graph thatwhich suggested that there was no [[climate change]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/climate-graph-national-review_us_567054efe4b0fccee1700f96 |title=This Is How Climate Change Deniers Are Tricking You |last=O'Connor |first=Lydia |date=December 15, 2015 |work=Huffington Post |access-date=May 22, 2018 |archive-date=June 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616014904/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/climate-graph-national-review_n_567054efe4b0fccee1700f96 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |url= httphttps:// ukwww.businessinsider.com/one-chart-shows-how-climate-change-deniers-are-skewing-statistics-to-fit-their-view-2015-12?r=US&IR=T |title=One chart shows how climate change deniers are skewing statistics to fit their view |work=Business Insider |date=December 20, 2015 |access-date=May 22, 2018 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308051302/https://www.businessinsider.com/one-chart-shows-how-climate-change-deniers-are-skewing-statistics-to-fit-their-view-2015-12?r=US&IR=T |url-status=live }}</ref> The graph set the lower and upper bounds of the chart at -10 and 110 degreedegrees Fahrenheit and zoomed out so as to obscure warming trends.<ref name=":3" /> ▼{{see|Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories}} ▼In June 2008, six days after [[Hillary Clinton]] conceded to [[Barack Obama]] in the Democratic primary, ''National Review'' correspondent Jim Geraghty published an article encouraging the Obama campaign to release the candidate's birth certificate in order "to squash all the conspiracy theories once and for all." Geraghty's column notes that it was unlikely that Obama was born in [[Kenya]]. Attorney Loren Collins, who has tracked the origins of [[Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories|birther movement]] for years, says that Geraghty may have "unwittingly shined a national spotlight on a fringe internet theory."<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2016/sep/20/hillary-clinton-and-birther-movement-still-no-ther/|title=No, Hillary Clinton didn't feed the birther movement|work=PolitiFact|access-date=May 22, 2018|language=en}}</ref> Geraghty's article "became fodder for cable television."<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,1813978,00.html|title=Will Obama's Anti-Rumor Plan Work?|last=Tumulty|first=Karen|date=June 12, 2008|magazine=Time|access-date=May 22, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0040-781X}}</ref> In a 2009 editorial, the ''National Review'' editorial board called conspiracies about Obama's citizenship "untrue," writing: "Like Bruce Springsteen, he has a lot of bad political ideas; but he was born in the U.S.A."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2009/07/born-usa-editors/|title=Born in the U.S.A. - National Review|website=National Review |date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> ▼
In 2017, ''National Review'' published an article alleging that a top NOAA scientist claimed that the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] engaged in data manipulation and rushed a study based on faulty data in order to influence the Paris climate negotiations.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |url= https://www.factcheck.org/2017/02/no-data-manipulation-at-noaa/ |title=No Data Manipulation at NOAA |date=February 9, 2017 |work=FactCheck.org |access-date=May 22, 2018}}</ref> The article largely repeated allegations made in the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' without independent verification.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://climatefeedback.org/blogosphere-amplified-daily-mails-unsupported-allegations-climate-data-manipulation-david-rose/ |title=How the blogosphere spread and amplified the Daily Mail's unsupported allegations of climate data manipulation |date=March 27, 2017 |work=Climate Feedback |access-date=May 22, 2018 |archive-date=June 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616014904/https://climatefeedback.org/blogosphere-amplified-daily-mails-unsupported-allegations-climate-data-manipulation-david-rose/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The scientist in question later rejected the claims made by ''National Review'', noting that he did not accuse NOAA of data manipulation but instead raised concerns about "the way data was handled, documented and stored, raising issues of transparency and availability".<ref name=":4" /> ▼One ''National Review'' article said that Obama's parents could be [[communism in the United States|communists]] because “for a white woman to marry a black man in 1958, or ’60, there was almost inevitably a connection to explicit Communist politics”.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/11/magazine/i-thought-i-understood-the-american-right-trump-proved-me-wrong.html|title=I Thought I Understood the American Right. Trump Proved Me Wrong.|newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 11, 2017 |access-date=May 22, 2018|language=en|last1=Perlstein |first1=Rick }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/208566/the-new-hate-by-arthur-goldwag/9780307742513/|title=The New Hate by Arthur Goldwag|pages=5}}</ref> ▼
In 2014, climate scientist [[Michael E. Mann]] sued the ''National Review'' after columnist Mark Steyn accused Mann of fraud and referenced a quote from Competitive Enterprise Institute writer Rand Simberg that called Mann "the [[Jerry Sandusky]] of climate science, except that instead of molesting children, he has molested and tortured data."<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://theweek.com/articles/451963/national-review-doomed |title=Is National Review doomed? |work=The Week |date=January 30, 2014 |access-date=October 2, 2018 |archive-date=October 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002141839/https://theweek.com/articles/451963/national-review-doomed |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2017/10/28/whatever-happened-to-michael-manns-defamation-suit-2017-edition/|title=Opinion {{!}} Whatever happened to Michael Mann's defamation suit? (2017 edition) |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=October 2, 2018 |archive-date=August 20, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820012527/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2017/10/28/whatever-happened-to-michael-manns-defamation-suit-2017-edition/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ars Technica">{{Cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/12/climate-researchers-defamation-suit-about-insulting-columns-is-on/|title=Climate researcher's defamation suit about insulting columns is on|work=Ars Technica|access-date=October 2, 2018|language=en-us |archive-date=October 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002141609/https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/12/climate-researchers-defamation-suit-about-insulting-columns-is-on/|url-status=live}}</ref> Civil liberties organizations such as the [[ACLU]] and the [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]] and several publications such as ''The Washington Post'' expressed support for ''National Review'' in the lawsuit, filing [[amicus brief]]s in their defense.<ref>Adler, Jonathan H. (August 13, 2014). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/08/13/media-and-rights-organizations-defend-national-review-et-al-against-michael-mann/ Media and Rights Organizations Defend ''National Review'', et al. against Michael Mann."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820012551/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/08/13/media-and-rights-organizations-defend-national-review-et-al-against-michael-mann/ |date=August 20, 2024 }} ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved March 11, 2019.</ref> ▼
▲=== DineshBarack D'SouzaObama ===
As of 2018, [[Dinesh D'Souza]] was on the ''National Review'' masthead, despite stirring controversy for a number of years by making inflammatory remarks and promoting conspiracy theories. D'Souza was no longer on the magazine's masthead as of 2020.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nationalreview.com/the-masthead/ | title=The Masthead | website=National Review | date=December 20, 2017 }}</ref> In comments that earned rebukes from ''National Review'' colleagues, D'Souza said that billionaire [[George Soros]] was a "collection boy for Hitler and the Nazis," attacked [[Roy Moore]] accuser Beverly Young Nelson, said that accusations against Roy Moore were “most likely fabricated,” and described [[Rosa Parks]] as an "overrated Democrat".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/dinesh-dsouza-national-review-parkland-shooting-survivors-racist-bigot|title=Dinesh D'Souza Mocked Shooting Survivors. Why Is He Still on the 'National Review' Masthead?|last=Kirell|first=Andrew|date=February 21, 2018|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=May 22, 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cjr.org/special_report/national-review.php/|title=Can ''National Review'' do more than preach to the choir?|work=Columbia Journalism Review|access-date=August 6, 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/chris-evans-dinesh-dsouza_us_5a8e5b8de4b0161d43187a7c|title=Chris Evans Shreds Right-Wing 'Pile Of Trash' Who Mocked School Shooting Survivors|last=Mazza|first=Ed|date=February 22, 2018|work=Huffington Post|access-date=August 6, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>
▲{{ seefurther|Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories}}
▲InOn June 20089, six days after [[Hillary Clinton]] conceded to [[Barack Obama]] in the Democratic primary2008, ''National Review'' correspondent Jim Geraghty published an article encouraging theasking Obama campaign to release the candidate'shis birth certificate . inIt orderwas "tothis squashcolumn allthat thebrought conspiracy theories onceabout andObama forto allmainstream attention. <ref name=" :0"/> Geraghty'sPrior to this column , every notespiece that italleged wasObama's unlikelycitizenship thatconspiracy Obamatheories wasonly borngot indozens [[Kenya]].of Attorneyhits, but after the ''National Review'' piece, conspiracy theories would garner hundreds of hits within days,<ref name=":0"/> according to Loren Collins, who has tracked the origins of [[Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories| the birther movement]] for years , says that Geraghty may have "unwittingly shined a national spotlight on a fringe internet theory. "<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2016/sep/20/hillary-clinton-and-birther-movement-still-no-ther/|title=No, Hillary Clinton didn't feed the birther movement|work=PolitiFact|access-date=May 22, 2018|language=en |archive-date=June 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616014905/https://www.politifact.com/article/2016/sep/20/hillary-clinton-and-birther-movement-still-no-ther/|url-status=live}}</ref> Geraghty's article "became fodder for cable television."<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,1813978,00.html|title=Will Obama's Anti-Rumor Plan Work?|last=Tumulty|first=Karen|date=June 12, 2008|magazine=Time|access-date=May 22, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0040-781X |archive-date=June 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616014907/https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,1813978,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref > Obama released his birth certificate a few days after this column.<ref name=":0"/> In a 2009 editorial, the ''National Review'' editorial board called conspiracies about Obama's citizenship "untrue ," writing: "Like Bruce Springsteen, he has a lot of bad political ideas; but he was born in the U.S.A."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2009/07/born-usa-editors/|title=Born in the U.S.A. - National Review|website=National Review |date=July 28, 2009 |access-date=August 2, 2018|archive-date=April 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401181243/https://www.nationalreview.com/2009/07/born-usa-editors/|url-status=live}}</ref>
▲One ''National Review'' article said thatsuggested Obama's parents could be [[communism in the United States|communists]] because “for"for a white woman to marry a black man in 1958, or ’60'60, there was almost inevitably a connection to explicit Communist politics”politics".<ref name=" :1rperlstein" /><ref>{{Cite newsbook|url=https://www. nytimespenguinrandomhouse.com/ 2017books/ 04208566/ 11/magazine/i-thought-i-understood-the- americannew- righthate- trumpby- provedarthur- me-wrong.htmlgoldwag/9780307742513/|title =I Thought I Understood the American Right. Trump Proved Me Wrong.|newspaper=The New YorkHate Timesby Arthur Goldwag| datepages= April 11, 2017 5|access-date=May 22, 2018| languagearchive-date= en|last1=PerlsteinMay |first1=Rick23, }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book2018| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180523095843/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/208566/the-new-hate-by-arthur-goldwag/9780307742513/| titleurl-status= The New Hate by Arthur Goldwag|pages=5live}}</ref>
=== Climate change ===
▲According to Philip Bump of ''[[The Washington Post]]'', ''National Review'' "has regularly criticized and rejected the scientific consensus on climate change".<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/12/14/why-the-national-reviews-global-temperature-graph-is-so-misleading/ |title=Why this National Review global temperature graph is so misleading |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=December 14, 2015 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=May 22, 2018}}</ref> In 2015, the magazine published an intentionally deceptive graph that suggested that there was no [[climate change]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/climate-graph-national-review_us_567054efe4b0fccee1700f96 |title=This Is How Climate Change Deniers Are Tricking You |last=O'Connor |first=Lydia |date=December 15, 2015 |work=Huffington Post |access-date=May 22, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |url= http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-chart-shows-how-climate-change-deniers-are-skewing-statistics-to-fit-their-view-2015-12?r=US&IR=T |title=One chart shows how climate change deniers are skewing statistics to fit their view |work=Business Insider|date=December 20, 2015 |access-date=May 22, 2018}}</ref> The graph set the lower and upper bounds of the chart at -10 and 110 degree Fahrenheit and zoomed out so as to obscure warming trends.<ref name=":3" />
▲In 2017, ''National Review'' published an article alleging that a top NOAA scientist claimed that the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] engaged in data manipulation and rushed a study based on faulty data in order to influence the Paris climate negotiations.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |url= https://www.factcheck.org/2017/02/no-data-manipulation-at-noaa/ |title=No Data Manipulation at NOAA |date=February 9, 2017 |work=FactCheck.org |access-date=May 22, 2018}}</ref> The article largely repeated allegations made in the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' without independent verification.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://climatefeedback.org/blogosphere-amplified-daily-mails-unsupported-allegations-climate-data-manipulation-david-rose/ |title=How the blogosphere spread and amplified the Daily Mail's unsupported allegations of climate data manipulation |date=March 27, 2017 |work=Climate Feedback |access-date=May 22, 2018}}</ref> The scientist in question later rejected the claims made by ''National Review'', noting that he did not accuse NOAA of data manipulation but instead raised concerns about "the way data was handled, documented and stored, raising issues of transparency and availability".<ref name=":4" />
▲In 2014, climate scientist [[Michael E. Mann]] sued the ''National Review'' after columnist Mark Steyn accused Mann of fraud and referenced a quote from Competitive Enterprise Institute writer Rand Simberg that called Mann "the [[Jerry Sandusky]] of climate science, except that instead of molesting children, he has molested and tortured data."<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://theweek.com/articles/451963/national-review-doomed |title=Is National Review doomed? |work=The Week |date=January 30, 2014 |access-date=October 2, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2017/10/28/whatever-happened-to-michael-manns-defamation-suit-2017-edition/|title=Opinion {{!}} Whatever happened to Michael Mann's defamation suit? (2017 edition) |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=October 2, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Ars Technica">{{Cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/12/climate-researchers-defamation-suit-about-insulting-columns-is-on/|title=Climate researcher's defamation suit about insulting columns is on|work=Ars Technica|access-date=October 2, 2018|language=en-us}}</ref> Civil liberties organizations such as the [[ACLU]] and the [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]] and several publications such as ''The Washington Post'' expressed support for ''National Review'' in the lawsuit, filing [[amicus brief]]s in their defense.<ref>Adler, Jonathan H. (August 13, 2014). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/08/13/media-and-rights-organizations-defend-national-review-et-al-against-michael-mann/ Media and Rights Organizations Defend ''National Review'', et al. against Michael Mann."] ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved March 11, 2019.</ref>
=== Ann Coulter 9/11 column ===
Two days after the 9/11 attacks, ''National Review'' published a column by [[Ann Coulter]] in which she wrote of Muslims, "This is no time to be precious about locating the exact individuals directly involved in this particular terrorist attack. We should invade their countries, kill their leaders and convert them to Christianity. We weren't punctilious about locating and punishing only Hitler and his top officers. We carpet-bombed German cities; we killed civilians. That's war. And this is war."<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/292798/weapons-of-mass-deception-by-sheldon-rampton/9781585422760 |title= Weapons of Mass Deception by Sheldon Rampton, John Stauber |publisher= Penguin Random House |pages= 145–146 |access-date= January 9, 2019 |archive-date= August 20, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240820012551/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/292798/weapons-of-mass-deception-by-sheldon-rampton/9781585422760/ |url-status= live }}</ref> ''National Review'' later called the column a "mistake" and fired Coulter as a contributing editor.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2001/10/02/national-review-cans-columnist-ann-coulter/4128f3be-7a64-47e9-a350-eb801757d376/ |title=National Review Cans Columnist Ann Coulter |first=Howard |last=Kurtz |date=October 2, 2001 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=January 9, 2019 |archive-date=January 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109155518/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2001/10/02/national-review-cans-columnist-ann-coulter/4128f3be-7a64-47e9-a350-eb801757d376/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Jeffrey Epstein ===
In 2019, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that ''National Review'' was one of three news outlets (along with ''[[Forbes]]'' and ''[[HuffPost]]'') that had published stories written by [[Jeffrey Epstein]]'s publicists.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Hsu |first=Tiffany |date=2019-07-21 |title=Jeffrey Epstein Pitched a New Narrative. These Sites Published It. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/21/business/media/jeffrey-epstein-media.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=2019-07-22 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=December 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213104224/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/21/business/media/jeffrey-epstein-media.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The ''National Review'' article was written by Christina Galbraith, Epstein's publicist at the time the article was published in 2013. The ''National Review'' bio for Galbraith described her as a science writer. The ''National Review'' retracted the article in July 2019 with apologies and spoke of new methods being used to better filter freelance content.<ref name=":5"/>
== References ==
== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Bogus , |first=Carl T. ''|title=Buckley: William F. Buckley Jr. and the Rise of American Conservatism '' (|publisher=Bloomsbury |year=2011 ) |isbn=978-1596915800 |location=New York |oclc=707329314}}▼* [[Patrick Allitt|Allitt, Patrick]]. ''The Conservatives: Ideas and Personalities Throughout American History'' (2010) [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0300164181 excerpt and text search]
* {{Cite book |title=American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia |publisher=ISI Books |year=2006 |isbn=1-932236-44-9 |editor-last=Frohnen |editor-first=Bruce |location=Wilmington, DE |oclc=64690866 |editor-last2=Beer |editor-first2=Jeremy |editor-last3=Nelson |editor-first3=Jeffrey O.}}
* Bayley, Edwin R. ''Joe McCarthy and the Press'' (University of Wisconsin Press, 1981). ▼* [[John{{Cite book Judis| last=Judis , |first=John B. ]] ''|author-link=John Judis |title=William F. Buckley, Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives '' (2001)|publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=1988 {{ISBN| isbn=978-0-7432-1797-2 |location=New York}} ▼* Birzer, Bradley J. ''Russell Kirk: American Conservative'' (University Press of Kentucky, 2015).
* {{Cite book |last=Nash |first=George |author-link=George H. Nash |title=The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945 |publisher=ISI Books |year=2006 |isbn=1933859121 |edition=30th anniversary |location=Wilmington, DE |oclc=124536175 |orig-date=1978}}
▲* Bogus, Carl T. ''Buckley: William F. Buckley Jr. and the Rise of American Conservatism'' (2011)
* Bridges,{{Cite Lindabook and Coyne,|last=Smant John|first=Kevin RJ., Jr.|title=Principles ''Strictlyand RightHeresies: WilliamFrank FS. Buckley Jr.Meyer and the Shaping of the American Conservative Movement'' (John|publisher=ISI WileyBooks and|year=2002 Sons|isbn=1882926722 |location=Wilmington, 2007).DE |oclc=50036266}}
* Critchlow, Donald T. ''The Conservative Ascendancy: How the Right Made Political History'' (2007)
==Further reading==
* Del Visco, Stephen. "Yellow peril, red scare: race and communism in National Review." ''[[Ethnic and Racial Studies]]'' 42.4 (2019): 626–644. ▼* {{Cite book |last=Allitt |first=Patrick |author-link=Patrick Allitt |title=The Conservatives: Ideas and Personalities Throughout American History |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0300164183 |oclc=261342762}}
* Frisk, David B. ''If Not Us, Who?: William Rusher, National Review, and the Conservative Movement'' (2011) ▼▲* {{Cite book |last=Bayley , |first=Edwin R. ''|title=Joe McCarthy and the Press '' (|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press , |year=1981 ). |isbn=0299086208 |oclc=7555013}}
* Frohnen, Bruce et al. eds. ''American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia'' (2006) {{ISBN|1-932236-44-9}}
* {{Cite book |last=Birzer |first=Bradley J. |url=https://archive.org/details/russellkirkameri0000birz |title=Russell Kirk: American Conservative |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |year=2015 |isbn=978-0813166186 |oclc=908071888 |url-access=registration}}
* [[Jeffrey Hart|Hart, Jeffrey]]. ''The Making of the American Conservative Mind: The National Review and Its Times'' (2005), a view from the inside ▼* {{Cite book |last1=Bridges |first1=Linda |title=Strictly Right: William F. Buckley Jr. and the American Conservative Movement |last2=Coyne |first2=John R. Jr. |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |year=2007 |isbn=978-0471758174 |oclc=71275596}}
* Hemmer, Nicole. ''Messengers of the Right: Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics'' (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016). ▼* {{Cite book |last=Critchlow |first=Donald T. |title=The Conservative Ascendancy: How the Right Made Political History |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0674026209 |location=Cambridge, MA |oclc=148723846}}
* Johnston, Savannah Eccles. "The Rise of Illiberal Conservatism: Immigration and Nationhood at National Review." ''American Political Thought'' 10.2 (2021): 190–216. ▼▲* {{Cite journal |last=Del Visco , |first=Stephen . "|year=2019 |title=Yellow peril, red scare: race and communism in National Review ." ''|journal=[[Ethnic and Racial Studies]] '' |volume=42 . |issue=4 (2019): |pages=626–644 |doi=10. 1080/01419870.2017.1409900 }}
▲* [[John Judis|Judis, John B.]] ''William F. Buckley, Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives'' (2001) {{ISBN|978-0-7432-1797-2}}
▲* {{Cite book |last=Frisk , |first=David B. ''|title=If Not Us, Who?: William Rusher, National Review, and the Conservative Movement '' (|publisher=ISI Books |year=2011 ) |isbn=978-1935191452 |location=Wilmington, DE |oclc=1018161914}}
* [[George H. Nash|Nash, George]]. ''The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945'' (2006; 1st ed. 1978)
▲* [[Jeffrey{{Cite book Hart| last=Hart , |first=Jeffrey ]]. ''|author-link=Jeffrey Hart |title=The Making of the American Conservative Mind: The National Review and Its Times '' (|publisher=ISI Books |year=2005 ) |isbn=1932236813 |location=Wilmington, DE |oclc=62875113}} {{endash}} a view from the inside
* Nemeth, Julian. "The Passion of William F. Buckley: Academic Freedom, Conspiratorial Conservatism, and the Rise of the Postwar Right." ''Journal of American Studies'' 54.2 (2020): 323–350. ▼▲* {{Cite book |last=Hemmer , |first=Nicole . ''|title=Messengers of the Right: Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics '' (|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press , |year=2016 ). |isbn=978-0812248395 |oclc=945028632}}
* Owen, Christopher H. ''Heaven Can Indeed Fall: The Life of Willmoore Kendall'' (Rowman & Littlefield, 2021).
▲* {{Cite journal |last=Johnston , |first=Savannah Eccles . "|year=2021 |title=The Rise of Illiberal Conservatism: Immigration and Nationhood at National Review ." ''|journal=American Political Thought '' |volume=10 . |issue=2 (2021): |pages=190–216 |doi=10. 1086/713668 }}
* Schneider, Gregory. ''The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution'' (2009)
▲* {{Cite journal |last=Nemeth , |first=Julian . "|year=2020 |title=The Passion of William F. Buckley: Academic Freedom, Conspiratorial Conservatism, and the Rise of the Postwar Right ." ''|journal=Journal of American Studies '' |volume=54 . |issue=2 (2020): |pages=323–350 |doi=10. 1017/S0021875818001469 }}
* Smant, Kevin J. ''Principles and Heresies: Frank S. Meyer and the Shaping of the American Conservative Movement'' (2002) ({{ISBN|1-882926-72-2}})
* {{Cite book |last=Owen |first=Christopher H. |title=Heaven Can Indeed Fall: The Life of Willmoore Kendall |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2021 |isbn=978-1793624444 |location=Lanham, MD |oclc=1258659722}}
* Walsh, David Austin. [https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaaa182 "The Right-Wing Popular Front: The Far Right and American Conservatism in the 1950s."] ''Journal of American History'' 107.2 (2020): 411–432. ▼* {{Cite book |last=Schneider |first=Gregory |title=The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution |publisher=Rowan & Littlefield |year=2009 |isbn=978-0742542846 |location=Lanham, MD |oclc=232002119 |url=https://archive.org/details/conservativecent0000schn |url-access=registration}}
▲* {{Cite journal |last=Walsh , |first=David Austin . [https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaaa182|year=2020 "|title=The Right-Wing Popular Front: The Far Right and American Conservatism in the 1950s ."] ''|journal=Journal of American History '' |volume=107 . |issue=2 (2020):|pages=411–432 411–432|doi=10. 1093/jahist/jaaa182}}
== External links ==
* {{official website|https://www.nationalreview.com/}}
* [http://nationalreviewinstitute.org/ NRI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110152050/http://nationalreviewinstitute.org/ |date=January 10, 2016 }}, National Review Institute
* {{cite web |url= https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/10/20051006-4.html |title= President Honors Buckley at 50th Anniversary of ''National Review'' |series= George W Bush |website= White House |date= October 6, 2005 }}
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