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{{Short description|Building housing the Senedd, the Welsh Parliament}}
▲{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox building
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The '''Senedd building''' ({{IPA
After two selection processes, it was decided that the debating chamber would be on a new site, called Site 1E, at Capital Waterside in [[Cardiff Bay]]. The [[Pritzker Prize]]-winning architect [[Richard Rogers, Baron Rogers of Riverside|Lord Rogers of Riverside]] won an international [[architectural design competition]], managed by [[RIBA Competitions]], to design the building. It was designed to be [[Sustainable architecture|sustainable]] with the use of renewable technologies and energy efficiency integrated into its design. The building was awarded an "Excellent" certification by the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method ([[BREEAM]]), the highest ever awarded in Wales, and was nominated for the 2006 [[Stirling Prize]].
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[[File:Pierhead Building and Senedd, Cardiff Bay.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Red brick Victorian style building with clock tower and the Senedd building, with water in foreground|The [[Pierhead Building]] ''(left)'' and the Senedd building ''(right)'' facing [[Cardiff Bay]].]]
The Senedd building is in the former [[Cardiff Docks]], about {{convert|3|km|mi}} south of [[Cardiff Castle]]. Cardiff Docks had been the largest coal-exporting port in the world, but by the 1980s with the decline of the [[south Wales coalfield]], the area had gradually become derelict.<ref name="Decline">{{cite web
The building faces southwest over Cardiff Bay, it has a glass façade around the entire building and is dominated by a steel roof and wood ceiling. It has three floors; the first and second floors are accessible to the public and the ground floor is a private area for officials. The building was designed to be as open and accessible as possible, the architects, the [[Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners|Richard Rogers Partnership]] (RRP) said "The building was not to be an insular, closed edifice. Rather it would be a transparent envelope, looking outwards to Cardiff Bay and beyond, making visible the inner workings of the Assembly and encouraging public participation in the democratic process."<ref name="Concept">{{cite web| url= http://www.rsh-p.com/work/buildings/national_assembly_for_wales/concept| title= The National Assembly for Wales| publisher= Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners| access-date= 2009-06-28| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080919151405/http://www.rsh-p.com/work/buildings/national_assembly_for_wales/concept| archive-date= 19 September 2008
=== Environmental features ===
The design criteria required sustainability, including a design life of 100 years, the use of local Welsh materials, minimal energy consumption and waste, the use of renewable technologies and for it to be an exemplar in terms of sustainability.<ref name="Sustainability">{{cite web| url= http://www.assemblywales.org/sen-home/sen-environmental-features/sen-environmental-features-sustainability.htm| title= Sustainability| publisher= National Assembly for Wales| access-date= 2009-04-18| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080930165752/http://www.assemblywales.org/sen-home/sen-environmental-features/sen-environmental-features-sustainability.htm| archive-date= 30 September 2008
In total, 36% of all materials and labour costs were spent in Wales, with about 1,000 [[tonne]]s of [[Slate industry in Wales|Welsh slate]] used.<ref name="Welsh slate">{{cite web |url= http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/tm_objectid=16674446&method=full&siteid=50082&headline=-no-hiding-place--in-senedd-name_page.html |title= 'No hiding place' in Senedd |publisher= Media Wales |access-date= 2009-06-01 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090517035321/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/tm_objectid%3D16674446%26method%3Dfull%26siteid%3D50082%26headline%3D-no-hiding-place--in-senedd-name_page.html |archive-date= 17 May 2009 |url-status= dead
=== Interior and contents ===
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Y Siambr (''The Chamber''; {{IPA
{{multiple image
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In front of the [[Llywydd of the Senedd
[[File:Committee room, Senedd.jpg|thumb|Committee room with pink fabric-covered acoustic absorption panels ''(left)'' designed by Martin Richman]]
All committee meetings are held in three committee rooms. Each can accommodate 24 people, although committee rooms 1 and 2 can both hold 34 when fully opened. Members of the public can access the committee room viewing galleries from the Neuadd, which holds 31 people.<ref name="Committee">{{cite web| url= http://www.assemblywales.org/sen-home/sen-about-senedd/sen-about-senedd-committee-rooms-2.htm| title= Committee Rooms| publisher= National Assembly for Wales| access-date= 2009-05-03| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100903165649/http://assemblywales.org/sen-home/sen-about-senedd/sen-about-senedd-committee-rooms-2.htm| archive-date= 3 September 2010
Members of the public enter the building through Y Neuadd ("The [[Hall]]" {{IPA
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Yr Oriel ("The Gallery", from {{lang-fro|Oriol}};<ref>{{cite web| url= http://machaut.uchicago.edu/?resource=Webster%27s&word=oriel&use1913=on&use1828=on| publisher= University of Chicago| access-date= 2009-07-22| title= Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913 + 1828) page 1012| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090821020438/http://machaut.uchicago.edu/?resource=Webster%27s| archive-date= 21 August 2009
{{cite web| url= http://www.fritzhansen.com/Renderers/ShowMedia.ashx?i=MediaArchive%3A%2FPDF%2FReferenceBook.pdf| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090830204016/http://www.fritzhansen.com/Renderers/ShowMedia.ashx?i=MediaArchive%3A%2FPDF%2FReferenceBook.pdf| url-status= dead| archive-date= 2009-08-30| title= Making Statements number 1| publisher= Fritz Hansen A/S| access-date= 2009-06-01}}
</ref>
''Y Cwrt'' ("The [[Courtyard]]"; {{IPA
An undulating ceiling made of Canadian-sourced [[Thuja plicata|Western Redcedar]] timber spans across the various sections of the building. It was manufactured and installed by BCL Timber Projects (sub-contracted by [[Taylor Woodrow Construction|Taylor Woodrow]]).<ref name="Wood">{{cite web
=== Artwork ===
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Four pieces of art were originally commissioned by the National Assembly to be both decorative and functional; they cost £300,000 in total. The Swansea-based artist Alexander Beleschenko<ref name="Alexander">{{cite web|url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/1975227.stm|title = Artist's fury over dumped sculpture|publisher = BBC|access-date = 2009-05-28 | date=8 May 2002}}</ref> designed and created the circular and domed ''Heart of Wales'' for the centre of the ''Siambr''. It is {{convert|2|m|ft}} wide, made out of blue and gold glass, and lit from beneath.<ref name="BBC Art">{{cite web|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4553603.stm|title = Art chosen for new Welsh assembly |publisher = BBC|access-date = 2009-04-30 | date=17 May 2005}}</ref> Martin Richman designed and created 270 fabric-covered acoustic absorption panels, which were dyed and painted.<ref name="BBC Art"/><ref name="Senedd Colour">{{cite web|url = http://www.assemblywales.org/sen-home/sen-about-senedd/sen-about-art/sen-about-art-colour-in-the-senedd-link-2|title = Colour in the Senedd – The Acoustic Panels|publisher = National Assembly for Wales|access-date = 2009-07-01|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080820123016/http://www.assemblywales.org/sen-home/sen-about-senedd/sen-about-art/sen-about-art-colour-in-the-senedd-link-2|archive-date = 20 August 2008
In 2008, two temporary tinplate portraits were commissioned by the National Assembly for Wales. The artist was Dylan Hammond, and each portrait, one of [[Aneurin Bevan]] and the other of [[Margaret Thatcher]] measured {{convert|4.3|m|ft}} x {{convert|3|m|ft}}. They were on display for 3 months.<ref name="Dylan">{{cite web|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/7411199.stm|title = Tin Thatcher sparks assembly row |publisher = BBC|access-date = 2022-05-20 | date=2008-05-21}}</ref>
The Welsh sculptor and blacksmith Angharad Pearce Jones designed and created the ''Three Maps of Wales'' ({{lang-cy|Tri Map o Gymru}}) that were unveiled in 2021.<ref name="ArtUK">{{cite web|url = https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/tri-map-o-gymru-three-maps-of-wales-283919|title = Tri Map o Gymru / Three Maps of Wales|publisher =[[Art UK]]|access-date = 2020-11-23|url-status =live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221123090819/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/tri-map-o-gymru-three-maps-of-wales-283919|archive-date = 2022-11-23}}</ref><ref name="3 Maps"/> They were made from [[Port Talbot Steelworks|Port Talbot steel]] at her workshop near [[Brynamman]] and are on permanent display.<ref name="3 Maps">{{cite web|url = https://senedd.wales/visit/exhibitions/senedd-artworks/three-maps-of-wales/|title = Three Maps of Wales|publisher =[[Senedd]]|date=2021-03-01 |access-date = 2020-11-23|url-status =live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221123092719/https://senedd.wales/visit/exhibitions/senedd-artworks/three-maps-of-wales/|archive-date = 2022-11-23}}</ref> They consist of three large steel maps of Wales, the smallest shows the boundaries of the 5 electoral regions of the Senedd, the other the 40 constituencies of the Senedd and the largest being the landscape of Wales and weights {{convert|0.25|t|kg}} and is {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} wide and just over 2 metres high.<ref name="3 Maps"/> The largest map of the Welsh landscape is on wheels so it can be displayed in other parts of the building if needed.<ref name="3 Maps"/>
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=== First site selection process ===
Under the [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542|Laws in Wales Act 1536]] Wales was fully incorporated into England and administered as a single sovereign state (the [[Kingdom of England]]) with a single legal system ([[English law]]).<ref name="Warwick"/> It was in 1964 that the [[Secretary of State for Wales]] was created as a Cabinet post, which gave some powers to Wales.<ref name="Warwick">{{cite web|url = http://www.ukcle.ac.uk/resources/nations/wales/wales/|title = The Government of Wales Act 2006: the challenges for legal education|publisher = [[University of Warwick]]|access-date = 2010-03-05|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110717133923/http://www.ukcle.ac.uk/resources/nations/wales/wales/|archive-date = 17 July 2011
After the [[1997 United Kingdom general election]], the [[Premiership of Tony Blair|Labour Government]] published a [[white paper]] in July 1997, called ''A Voice for Wales''; in it, the [[
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|perrow=2|total_width=340px|align = right | header = Shortlisted sites in the first selection process
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Before the referendum took place, the [[Welsh Office]] asked Symonds Facilities Management (later known as [[Capita Symonds]]) to investigate possible sites for a new Welsh Assembly.<ref name="Audit 2000">{{cite web |url = http://www.wao.gov.uk/assets/englishdocuments/{{Not a typo|Acc|omodation}}_Arrangements_For_The_National_Assembly_agw_2000.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061015133637/http://www.wao.gov.uk/assets/englishdocuments/Accomodation_Arrangements_For_The_National_Assembly_agw_2000.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-date = 15 October 2006 |title = Accommodation Arrangements for the National Assembly for Wales
From the five on the shortlist, two sites were selected for further consideration: the Cathays Park Building and Cardiff City Hall.<ref name="Audit 2000"/> Cardiff City Hall was favoured because the executive and [[Legislature|legislative]] functions would be separated; Cardiff City Hall was more widely recognised by the Welsh public and was a more prestigious building compared with the Cathays Park Building. The move to Cardiff City Hall would have also avoided a disruptive move for Welsh Office staff at the Cathays Park Building.<ref name="Audit 2000"/> The Welsh Office concluded that Cardiff City Hall would only remain an option if the initial costs were £17M or less, which was the top end of the estimate figure given in the White Paper. This would only be possible if essential works were carried out immediately and the remainder of the work carried out later. Cardiff Council would need to agree a selling price of £5M or less for this to be possible.<ref name="Audit 2000"/>
There were discussions between the leader of Cardiff Council, [[Russell Goodway]], and the Secretary of State for Wales, [[Ron Davies (Welsh politician)|Ron Davies]] [[Member of
=== Second site selection process ===
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All the proposals were reviewed by the Welsh Office, who rejected sites due to poor location, accommodation or cost. A shortlist of ten sites were further reviewed. These were: Capital Waterside (now known as Cardiff Waterside); Cardiff City Hall; a site next to [[County Hall, Cardiff|County Hall]]; Bute Square (now known as [[Callaghan Square]]); Prospect Place; Cardiff Gate Business Park; Kingsway and the [[Coal Exchange]] all in Cardiff, with the HTV site at [[Culverhouse Cross]], and the Guildhall in [[Swansea]].<ref name="Audit 2000"/>
Davies announced on 13 March 1998 that the new National Assembly building would be in Cardiff.<ref name="Audit 2000"/> He said that the Cardiff proposals were "too compelling to resist", because "in making this decision, I am mindful that Wales has invested 40 years in promoting Cardiff as our capital city."<ref name="Proposal"/> The National Assembly building would be either in Bute Square or Capital Waterside.<ref name="Audit 2000"/> The Welsh Office decided that the Capital Waterside proposal carried less risk and would cost less than the Bute Square proposal.<ref name="Audit 2000"/> Capital Waterside would cost £43.9M, while Bute Square would cost £52.5M.<ref name="Assembly Cost">{{cite web | url= http://www.assemblywales.org/3805b7660002218b00000c6300000000.pdf| title= Written Questions answered from 30 September to 7 October 1999| publisher= National Assembly for Wales|access-date=2010-03-05}}</ref> On 28 April 1998, Davies announced that the site of the National Assembly building would be Capital Waterside.<ref name="Audit 2000"/> The site was acquired by the National Assembly from Grosvenor Waterside Investments Ltd, which was owned by [[Associated British Ports Holdings|Associated British Ports]].<ref name="Public Sector Information">{{cite web
=== Design selection process ===
Before deciding on Capital Waterside as the site of the National Assembly, Davies announced on 13 March 1998 that an international competition would be held to select the design of the building for the debating chamber. [[Royal Institute of British Architects]] (RIBA) Competitions would oversee the competition and a design panel would recommend a design to the Secretary of State for Wales.<ref name="Audit 2000"/><ref name="Assembly 1998">{{cite web| url= http://www.assemblywales.org/sen-home/sen-projecthistory/sen-project-history-subpage/sen-project-history-1998-2001-link-2| title= Project History 1998–2001| publisher= National Assembly for Wales| access-date= 2009-04-06| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091106111252/http://www.assemblywales.org/sen-home/sen-projecthistory/sen-project-history-subpage/sen-project-history-1998-2001-link-2| archive-date= 6 November 2009
Davies wanted a building "to capture the imagination of the Welsh people".<ref>Quotation is the BBC's summary of Davies' position. {{cite web|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/wales_99/the_welsh_assembly/310031.stm|title = Building a new assembly |publisher = BBC|access-date = 2009-04-06 | date=6 April 1999}}</ref> The criteria of the competition were that the building should have a functional specification and a price tag of no more than £12 million including fees.<ref name="Assembly 1998"/> In total, 55 architects had shown interest in the project: nine came from Wales, 38 from the rest of the UK and the remaining eight from the rest of the world.<ref name="Proposal"/> The Design Competition Advisory Panel selected 12 architects for interview in August 1998; from those a shortlist of six architects were chosen to submit concept designs; they were: [[Benson & Forsyth]]; [[Eric Parry]] Associates; [[Niels Torp]] and Stride Treglown Davies; [[Richard Rogers]] Partnership (now known as [[Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners]]); [[Itsuko Hasegawa|Itsuko Hasegawa Atelier]] and [[Kajima]] Design Europe; and [[MacCormac Jamieson Prichard]].<ref name="Audit 2000"/>
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Each architect submitted designs by 5 October 1998;<ref name="Audit 2000"/> 10 days later the Design Competition Advisory Panel met and unanimously recommended that the Richard Rogers Partnership (RRP) design should be selected.<ref name="Audit 2000"/><ref name="Proposal"/><ref name="Assembly 1998"/> Davies announced RRP as the scheme architects on 16 October 1998.<ref name="Audit 2000"/> Richard Rogers said, "The idea was that steps rise out of the water and there is a whole public domain where people meet each other and look down on the Assembly Members."<ref name="Design">{{cite web | url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4686944.stm| title= New assembly building opens doors | publisher= BBC| access-date=2009-05-24 | date=1 March 2006}}</ref> Richard Rogers had previously designed the [[Lloyd's building]] in London and the [[Centre Georges Pompidou|Pompidou Centre]] in Paris with [[Renzo Piano]].<ref name="Rogers">{{cite web|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/profilepages/rogersr2.shtml|title = Interviews|publisher = BBC|access-date = 2009-05-10|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080516214157/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/profilepages/rogersr2.shtml|archive-date = 16 May 2008|url-status = dead
It was planned that the outline design would be completed by June 1999, and the detailed design completed by February 2000. Construction of the building was due to begin in November 2000 and be completed in April 2001.<ref name="Audit 2000"/> On 1 July 1999, The National Assembly for Wales (Transfer of Functions) Order 1999 came into effect: this transferred all powers from the [[Secretary of State for Wales]] to the National Assembly for Wales; responsibility for the construction of the debating chamber transferred at the same time.<ref name="Timeline"/> Cardiff Council granted [[planning permission]] for the building on 8 November 1999, and by 26 January 2000 the National Assembly voted to progress the project to the next stage.<ref name="Timeline">{{cite web|url = http://www.assemblywales.org/keyevents-e_-_for_internet_-_master.rtf|title = Key Events in the Development of the National Assembly for Wales|publisher = National Assembly for Wales|access-date = 2009-04-13|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120222011147/http://www.assemblywales.org/keyevents-e_-_for_internet_-_master.rtf|archive-date = 22 February 2012
=== First phase of construction ===
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[[Rhodri Morgan]] [[Member of the National Assembly for Wales|AM]] replaced [[Alun Michael]] AM as the First Secretary (now known as the [[First Minister for Wales|First Minister]]) of the National Assembly on 15 February 2000.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/643309.stm| title= Morgan leads Welsh Assembly | publisher= BBC| access-date=2009-07-26 | date=15 February 2000}}</ref> On 22 March, Morgan stopped all work on the project to carry out a complete review.<ref name="Audit 2000"/> The decision to stop the project was supported by a vote in the National Assembly on 6 April 2000. The review included the costs and construction risks of the new building, the timetable for the completion of the project and consideration of possible alternatives to the new building.<ref name="Audit 2000"/>
The review was carried out by the Assembly's Management Services Division, the Property Advisors to the Civil Estate and Symonds Group Ltd. They considered the following options: cancel the project; continue with the existing design; design a building on Site 1E; improve the existing debating chamber; construct a small chamber in the courtyard of Crickhowell House; and relocate to Cardiff City Hall.<ref name="Audit 2000"/> On 21 June 2000 it was agreed that the original proposal using the RRP design should proceed.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.assemblywales.org/sen-home/sen-projecthistory/sen-project-history-assembly-debates/sen-project-history-assembly-debates-210600-link-2| title= The New Assembly Building| publisher= National Assembly for Wales| access-date= 2009-04-15| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101011035237/http://assemblywales.org/sen-home/sen-projecthistory/sen-project-history-assembly-debates/sen-project-history-assembly-debates-210600-link-2| archive-date= 11 October 2010
[[File:Senedd construction site - Aerial view 08-06-01.jpg|thumb
An international competition was held to select the main contractor. It was advertised in the Official Journal of the European Community, and in December 2000 [[Skanska]] Ltd was selected as the main contractor.<ref name="Scotland"/> [[Edwina Hart]] AM, the Minister for Finance, Local Government and Communities, approved the final project design on 18 January 2001 and by 1 March 2001, the [[groundbreaking]] ceremony took place to mark the beginning of construction.<ref name="Groundbreaking">{{cite web | url= http://new.wales.gov.uk/news/archivepress/localgovculpress/locgovpress2001/754241/;jsessionid=RXZvKQ1FvJs1GL2HpQR2qr7G2J7W9f505J1tpJ3wJ5MJ30n2Dfjx!514291769?cr=1&lang=en | title= Groundbreaking ceremony for new National Assembly building| publisher= National Assembly for Wales| access-date=2009-07-19}}</ref>
Six months after construction had begun and with only the [[Deep foundation|piling]] and a temporary road around the site having been completed,<ref name="Statement 1">{{cite web| url= http://www.assemblywales.org/sen-home/sen-projecthistory/sen-project-history-assembly-debates/sen-project-history-assembly-debates-statement-180101-link-2| title= Statement on the New Assembly Building| publisher= National Assembly for Wales| access-date= 2009-04-13| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081013131033/http://www.assemblywales.org/sen-home/sen-projecthistory/sen-project-history-assembly-debates/sen-project-history-assembly-debates-statement-180101-link-2| archive-date= 13 October 2008
Hart announced on 17 July 2001 that the National Assembly had terminated the contract of RRP. She said that despite the termination of the contract, the debating chamber should still be built to RRP's design.<ref name="Suspended">{{cite web| url= http://www.assemblywales.org/sen-home/sen-projecthistory/rop-170701-e-2.pdf-link| title= The New Assembly Building| publisher= National Assembly for Wales| access-date= 2009-04-15| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080930165933/http://www.assemblywales.org/sen-home/sen-projecthistory/rop-170701-e-2.pdf-link| archive-date= 30 September 2008
A legal dispute then arose between RRP claiming £529,000 in fees, and the National Assembly claiming £6.85M in damages.<ref name="Adjudicator">{{cite web | url= http://www.assemblywales.org/N0000000000000000000000000009092.pdf| title= The National Assembly's new building: update report| publisher= National Assembly for Wales| access-date=2009-04-16}}</ref> On 10 December 2001 RRP requested an appointment of an adjudicator from the [[Construction Industry Council (United Kingdom)|Construction Industry Council]] to resolve the issue.<ref name="Audit 2002">{{cite web | url= http://www.wao.gov.uk/assets/englishdocuments/National_Assembly_New_Building_Update_agw_2002.pdf| archive-url= https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20080806120548/http://www.wao.gov.uk/assets/englishdocuments/National_Assembly_New_Building_Update_agw_2002.pdf| url-status= dead| archive-date= 2008-08-06| title= The National Assembly's new building: Update report| publisher= National Audit Office Wales| access-date=2009-04-16}}</ref> The adjudication took place in February 2002, and ruled that RRP was entitled to £448,000 of its claim, while the National Assembly was not entitled to any of the damages they had claimed.<ref name="Adjudicator"/>
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}}
In August 2001, the National Assembly appointed Francis Graves Ltd as the project managers, to review the whole project up until the termination of the RRP contract and to propose how the project should progress in the future.<ref name="Final Report"/> They reported that the "lines of accountability were complex and insufficiently clear", that no project costs were obtained by the National Assembly, independent of RRP, until December 2000,<ref name="Final Report"/> and that the project "was highly susceptible to cost over runs".<ref name="Final Report"/> The report recommended that the National Assembly appoint project managers, which they did when they appointed Schal International Management Ltd (part of [[Carillion]]) in May 2002.<ref name="Final Report"/> Northcroft Group Ltd were appointed as a subcontractor, responsible for cost management and they reported directly to Schal.<ref name="Final Report"/> Schal had full responsibility to manage the main contractor and subcontractors.<ref name="Scotland">{{cite web| url= http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/research/briefings-04/sb04-60.pdf| title= The Holyrood Building Project| publisher= Scottish Parliament| access-date= 2009-04-16| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090621035503/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/research/briefings-04/sb04-60.pdf| archive-date= 21 June 2009
The Welsh Government decided that a [[Design-build|design and build]] fixed-price contract would be used for the second phase of construction, while phase one of construction made time the important factor over cost certainty.<ref name="Final Report">{{cite web | url= http://www.wao.gov.uk/assets/englishdocuments/Senedd_2008_report_eng.pdf| archive-url= https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20080806120552/http://www.wao.gov.uk/assets/englishdocuments/Senedd_2008_report_eng.pdf| url-status= dead| archive-date= 2008-08-06| title= The Senedd – Report presented on 12 March 2008| publisher= Wales Audit Office| access-date=2009-04-16}}</ref> The overall aim was to "deliver a landmark building…to time, to an appropriate quality and within budget".<ref name="Final Report"/> On 23 October 2002 an invitation to tender was issued through the Official Journal of the European Community.<ref name="Final Report"/><ref name="Assembly 2002">{{cite web| url= http://www.assemblywales.org/sen-home/sen-projecthistory/sen-project-history-subpage/sen-project-history-2002.htm| title= Project History 2002| publisher= National Assembly for Wales| access-date= 2009-04-16| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071102202542/http://www.assemblywales.org/sen-home/sen-projecthistory/sen-project-history-subpage/sen-project-history-2002.htm| archive-date= 2 November 2007
{{multiple image
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}}
The [[topping out]] ceremony took place on 25 November 2004 by the [[Presiding Officer of the National Assembly for Wales|Presiding Officer]], [[Dafydd Elis-Thomas]], [[
| title= National Assembly for Wales| publisher= MJN Colston|access-date=2009-05-09}}</ref> and BCL Timber Projects (timber ceiling).<ref name="Ceiling">{{cite web
{{multiple image
[[File:Queen Elizabeth II with Richard Rogers and Sue Essex.jpg|thumb|right|Queen Elizabeth II opening the Senedd building with [[Richard Rogers]] and [[Sue Essex]] AM]]▼
| align = right
| header = Official Opening of the Senedd building
| total_width = 230
| direction = vertical
| header_align = center
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Queen Elizabeth II with Richard Rogers and Sue Essex.jpg
| alt1 = The Queen and two individuals
▲
| image2 = Opening Plaque at the Senedd (cropped).jpg
| alt2 = Opening Plaque
| caption2 = The Opening Plaque at the Senedd
}}
The {{convert|5308|m2|sqft|abbr=on}} Senedd building was opened by Queen Elizabeth II, the [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Duke of Edinburgh]], the [[Charles
Two years after the opening ceremony in 2008, Taylor Woodrow Construction were fined £200,000 and ordered to pay costs of £71,400, after being prosecuted by the [[Health and Safety Executive]] for breaching the [[Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974]] at [[Cardiff Crown Court]].<ref name="Health">{{cite web| url= http://www.hse.gov.uk/press/2008/coiw71908.htm| title= Taylor Woodrow prosecution highlights construction dangers| publisher= Health and Safety Executive| access-date= 2009-06-01| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100506063406/http://www.hse.gov.uk/press/2008/coiw71908.htm| archive-date= 6 May 2010
== Timeline of cost increases and time delays==
Line 406 ⟶ 418:
== Ongoing cost of repairs ==
In 2008, two years after the Senedd building had opened, the cost of repairs to the building had reached £97,709. Repairs have been for windows, doors, plumbing and electrics. A spokesman for the National Assembly said, "The repair figures are not excessive for a public building that has hundreds of thousands of visitors each year. The costs are within estimated levels and covered by existing budgets."<ref name="Repairs">{{cite news|last=Williamson|first=David|date=27 November 2008|title=£100,000 spent on Senedd repairs since 2006|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/100000-spent-senedd-repairs-2006-2142534|access-date=25 June 2009|website=[[Media Wales|walesonline.co.uk]]
== Senedd estate in Cardiff Bay ==
Line 432 ⟶ 444:
{{main|Tŷ Hywel|Pierhead Building}}
The Senedd building is part of the Senedd estate in Cardiff Bay, along with Tŷ Hywel (''Howell House'') and the [[Grade 1 listed]] Pierhead Building.<ref name="Temporary"/><ref name="Complex">{{cite web|url=http://www.assemblywales.org/abthome/equalities/equality-scheme-home-page/equality-scheme-access-buildings-information-and-proceedings_.htm|publisher=National Assembly for Wales|title=National Assembly for Wales Commission Equality Scheme, Access to our Information, Proceedings and Buildings|access-date=2009-07-04|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222012750/http://www.assemblywales.org/abthome/equalities/equality-scheme-home-page/equality-scheme-access-buildings-information-and-proceedings_.htm|archive-date=22 February 2012
The Pierhead Building was opened in 1897 and designed by [[William Frame]].<ref name="Walks">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/sites/coast/walk_printout/index.shtml|title=Cardiff Bay|publisher=BBC|access-date=2009-05-04|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060529141657/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/sites/coast/walk_printout/index.shtml|archive-date=29 May 2006
In 2008, Elis-Thomas announced that the Pierhead Building would display the history of the Black community in [[Butetown]], [[Cardiff Docks]] and [[Welsh devolution]].<ref name="New build">{{cite web |url= http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2009/09/29/new-plans-for-pierhead-building-91466-24804107/
|publisher= Media Wales|title= New plans for Pierhead building|access-date=2009-10-02}}</ref>
== In popular culture ==
The Senedd building was involved in what is called the "Sex and the Senedd" controversy.<ref name="independent">{{cite news | url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/pandora/pandora-sex-and-the-senedd-814058.html | title= Pandora: Sex and the Senedd| work= The Independent|access-date=2009-06-07 | location=London | date=23 April 2008}}</ref><ref name="Radio">{{cite web | url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/radiowales/sites/phonein/updates/20080422.shtml| title= Tuesday 22 April| publisher= BBC|access-date=7 June 2009}}</ref> An episode of ''[[Caerdydd (TV series)|Caerdydd]]'', the [[S4C]] [[Welsh language]] television programme set in [[Cardiff]], which started when the broadcast of the episode shot a sex scene was filmed in a toilet room of the Senedd, and not in a television studio.<ref name=BBCrow080422>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/7359846.stm|title=Row over TV sex scene at assembly |date=22 April 2008 |publisher= BBC|access-date=28 May 2009 }}</ref><ref name=Digitalspy>{{cite news|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/a94441/welsh-drama-blasted-for-toilet-sex-scene.html|title=Welsh drama blasted for toilet sex scene|last=Reynolds|first=Simon|date=23 April 2008|work=Digital Spy|access-date=28 May 2009}}</ref><ref name=Telegraph>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/3672818/Welsh-outrage-over-Assembly-sex-scene.html|title=Welsh outrage over Assembly sex scene |work=The Daily Telegraph
The ''[[Doctor Who]]'' episode "[[The Lazarus Experiment]]" was filmed in the Senedd building, along with the ending of "[[The Almost People]]"<ref name="Who">{{cite web | url= http://www.doctorwholocations.net/locations/senedd| title= Senedd Building| publisher= Doctor Who Locations |access-date=2009-04-26}}</ref> as was the [[Doctor Who spin-offs|''Doctor Who'' spin-off]] programme ''[[Torchwood]]'', which used the Senedd building in the episode "[[Meat (Torchwood)|Meat]]", where [[Gwen Cooper]] and [[Rhys Williams (Torchwood)|Rhys Williams]] sit on the steps of the Senedd building.<ref name="Who"/>
In March 2015 it emerged that the makers of ''[[Spectre (2015 film)|Spectre]]'', the 24th [[James Bond in film|James Bond film]], had requested use of the Senedd building's debating chamber for the filming of some scenes, but that this had been declined by Senedd officials, who said the debating chamber was "not a drama studio". Several Welsh politicians, including [[First Minister of Wales|First Minister]] [[Carwyn Jones]] and [[Welsh Conservatives]] leader [[Andrew RT Davies]], cited the decision as a missed opportunity that would have boosted tourism for Wales.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-31868336 |
== Nominations and awards ==
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* Awarded Major Project of the Year in the 2006 Building Services Awards, organised by ''Building Sustainable Design'' and ''Electrical and Mechanical Contractor'' magazines.<ref name="Contractors"/>
* Awarded the 2006 Gold Medal winner from the [[National Eisteddfod of Wales]].<ref name="Eisteddfod">{{cite web|url = http://dcfw.org/media/pressreleases/12/en/090406__dcfw_pr_gold_medal_for_architecture.pdf|title = National Assembly for Wales|publisher = Design Commission for Wales|access-date = 2009-05-24}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* Awarded the Slate Award in the 2006 Natural Stone Awards.<ref name="Slate">{{cite web|url = http://www.naturalstonespecialist.com/downloads/25_NSA06.pdf|title = National Assembly for Wales|publisher = QMJ Publishing Ltd|access-date = 2009-05-24|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110714155951/http://www.naturalstonespecialist.com/downloads/25_NSA06.pdf|archive-date = 14 July 2011
* Awarded the [[British Constructional Steelwork Association|British Constructional Steelwork Association's]] 2006 Structural Steel Design Award.<ref name="Steel">{{cite web|url = http://www.corusconstruction.com/en/news_and_events/awards/structural_steel_design_award/2006/|title = Structural Steel Design Awards 2006|publisher = [[Corus Group]]|access-date = 2009-05-24|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101228161350/http://www.corusconstruction.com/en/news_and_events/awards/structural_steel_design_award/2006/|archive-date = 28 December 2010
* Awarded the 2006 Excellence on the Waterfront from the Waterfront Center, in the category Commercial and Mixed Use.<ref name="Waterfront">{{cite web|url=http://www.waterfrontcenter.org/|title=The Waterfront Center announces winners of the 2006 "Excellence on the Waterfront" Program |publisher = The Waterfront Center|access-date = 2009-05-24}}</ref>
* [[Civic Trust Awards|Civic Trust]] Award winner in 2008.<ref name="Trust">{{cite web|url = http://www.civictrustawards.org.uk/winners/2008/CTA005914/|title = National Assembly for Wales|publisher = [[Civic Trust for Wales|Civic Trust]]|access-date = 2009-06-28|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111007213848/http://www.civictrustawards.org.uk/winners/2008/CTA005914/|archive-date = 7 October 2011
* Awarded a [[Chicago Athenaeum]] 2007 [[International Architecture Awards]].<ref name="Chicago">{{cite web|url = http://www.chi-athenaeum.org/intarch/2007/index.html#awardwinners|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070409011016/http://www.chi-athenaeum.org/intarch/2007/index.html#awardwinners|url-status = dead|archive-date = 2007-04-09|title = 2007 International Architecture Awards|publisher = Metropolitan Art Press, Ltd.|access-date = 2010-01-04}}</ref><ref name="Awarded">{{cite web|url = http://www.rsh-p.com/press/news/rrp_wins_two_chicago_athenaeum_awards|title = RRP wins two Chicago Athenaeum Awards|publisher = [[Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners]]|access-date = 2010-01-04}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
===Individual award===
* Jeremy Williams (of [[Taylor Woodrow Construction]]) won the Construction Manager of the Year Award in 2006 for his work on the Senedd building by the [[Society of Professional Engineers UK|Society of Professional Engineers]].<ref name="Awarded1">{{cite web|url = http://www.professionalengineers-uk.org/pdfs/newsletters/ProEngSpr07-issue57.pdf|title = The Senedd|publisher = [[Society of Professional Engineers UK|Society of Professional Engineers]]|access-date = 2016-11-15|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161226225509/http://www.professionalengineers-uk.org/pdfs/newsletters/ProEngSpr07-issue57.pdf|archive-date = 26 December 2016
== See also ==
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*[[Senedd on television]]
*[[Owain Glyndŵr's Parliament House, Machynlleth|Owain Glyndŵr's Parliament House]] ''(Senedd-dy Owain Glyndŵr)''
*[[Parliament Buildings (Northern Ireland)]]
*[[Scottish Parliament Building]]
*[[Palace of Westminster]]
*[[City Hall, London (Newham)]]
== Notes ==
{{reflist
== External links ==
{{commons category|Senedd (building)|Senedd}}
*[
*[http://www.rsh-p.com/projects/national-assembly-for-wales/ The Senedd on the Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100317000539/http://www.arup.com/Projects/National_Assembly_for_Wales.aspx The Senedd on the Arup website]
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