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'''Dublin''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ʌ|b|l|ᵻ|n|audio=En-us-Dublin.ogg}}; {{Irish place name|Baile Átha Cliath}},<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.logainm.ie/en/1375542| title=Dublin |website=Placename database of Ireland| access-date=15 January 2018| archive-date=7 January 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107002646/https://www.logainm.ie/en/1375542| url-status=live}}</ref> {{IPA-ga|ˈbˠalʲə aːhə ˈclʲiə|pron}} <small>or</small> {{IPA-ga|ˌbʲlʲaː ˈclʲiə|}}) is the [[Capital city|capital]] of
A settlement was established in the area by the [[Gaels]] during or before the 7th century,<ref name="dicksonX">{{Cite book|title= Dublin The Making of a Capital City|last=Dickson|first=David|publisher=Profile Books Ltd.|year=2014|isbn=978-0-674-74444-8|pages=x}}</ref> followed by the [[Viking]]s. As the [[Kings of Dublin|Kingdom of Dublin]] grew, it became Ireland's principal settlement by the 12th century [[Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland]].<ref name="dicksonX"/> The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century and was briefly the second largest in the [[British Empire]] and sixth largest in [[Western Europe]] after the [[Acts of Union 1800|Acts of Union]] in 1800.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Conway |first=Richard |date=31 May 2022 |title=How Dublin's Modest Terraced Houses Came Back Into Fashion |language=en |work=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2022-05-31/the-design-history-of-dublin-over-basement-row-houses |access-date=27 June 2022 |archive-date=26 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926092900/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2022-05-31/the-design-history-of-dublin-over-basement-row-houses |url-status=live }}</ref> Following independence in 1922, Dublin became the capital of the [[Irish Free State]], [[Names of the Irish State|renamed Ireland]] in 1937. {{As of|2018}}, the city was listed by the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]] (GaWC) as a [[global city]], with a ranking of "Alpha minus", which placed it among the top thirty cities in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zyen.com/GFCI/GFCI%208.pdf |title=Global Financial Centres Index 8 |access-date=30 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011091643/http://www.zyen.com/GFCI/GFCI%208.pdf |archive-date=11 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2018t.html |title=The World According to GaWC 2018 |publisher=Globalization and World Cities Research Network: [[Loughborough University]] |access-date=23 November 2018 |date=13 November 2018 |archive-date=3 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503165246/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2016t.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
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The name ''Dublin'' comes from the [[Middle Irish]] word {{lang|mga|Du(i)blind}} (literally "Blackpool"),<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Baile Átha Cliath/Dublin |url=https://www.logainm.ie/en/1375542/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=logainm.ie |language=en}}</ref> from {{lang|ghc|dubh}} {{IPA-all|d̪ˠuβˠ|}} "black, dark" and {{lang|ghc|linn}} {{IPA-all|l̠ʲin̠ʲ(dʲ)|}} "pool". This evolved into the [[Early Modern Irish]] form {{lang|ghc|Du(i)bhlinn}},<ref name=":2" /> which was pronounced "Duílinn" {{IPA-ga|ˈd̪ˠiːlʲin̠ʲ|}} in the [[Irish language#Leinster|local dialect]]. The name refers to a dark tidal pool on the site of the castle gardens at the rear of [[Dublin Castle]], where the [[River Poddle]] entered the [[River Liffey|Liffey]].
Historically, scribes writing in [[Insular script|Gaelic script]], used a ''b'' with a [[dot (diacritic)|dot]] over it to represent a modern ''bh'', resulting in Du(i)ḃlinn. Those without knowledge of Irish omitted the dot, spelling the name as ''Dublin''.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} The Middle Irish pronunciation is preserved in the names for the city in other languages such as [[Old English]] {{lang|ang|
It is now thought that the Viking settlement was preceded by a Christian ecclesiastical settlement known as ''Duibhlinn'', from which ''Dyflin'' took its name.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Medieval Dublin, the making of a metropolis|last=Clarke|first=Howard|publisher=Irish Academic Press|year=1995|isbn=978-0716524595|page=44}}</ref> Beginning in the 9th and 10th centuries, there were two settlements where the modern city stands. The Viking settlement of about 841, ''Dyflin'', and a Gaelic settlement, Áth Cliath ("ford of hurdles")<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Palgrave Handbook of Literature and the City|last=Tambling|first=Jeremy|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2017|isbn=978-1137549105|page=98}}</ref> further up the river, at the present-day [[Father Mathew Bridge]] (also known as Dublin Bridge), at the bottom of Church Street.
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===Areas===
====City centre====
The historic city centre of Dublin is encircled by the [[Royal Canal]] and [[Grand Canal (Ireland)|Grand Canal]], bounded to the west by [[Heuston railway station]] and [[Phoenix Park]], and to the east by the [[International Financial Services Centre, Dublin|IFSC]] and the [[Dublin Docklands|Docklands]]. [[O'Connell Street]] is the main thoroughfare of the inner city and many Dublin Bus routes, as well as the Green line of the [[Luas]], have a stop at O'Connell Street. The main shopping streets of the inner city include [[Henry Street, Dublin|Henry Street]] on the Northside, and [[Grafton Street]] on the Southside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dublin |url=https://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g186605-Dublin_County_Dublin-Vacations.html |website=www.tripadvisor.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Brady |first1=Joseph |last2=Simms |first2=Anngret |title= Dublin : through space and time, c. 900-1900 |publisher= Four Courts Press, Dublin |isbn= 978-1851826100 |pages=12, 282}}</ref>
[[File:South Great George's Street Dublin.jpg|thumb|alt=Victorian Buildings on South Great George's Street, Dublin|Victorian-era buildings, such as the [[George's Street Arcade]], are common in the south inner city.]]
In some tourism and real-estate marketing contexts, inner Dublin is sometimes divided into a number of quarters.<ref name="quartersvisit">{{cite web | url = http://www.visitdublin.com/dublin-vibrant-city-quarters | publisher = VisitDublin.com | title = Dublin – A Vibrant City – Quarters | access-date = 22 February 2017 | archive-date = 7 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190107003038/https://www.visitdublin.com/CMSMessages/PageNotFound.aspx?aspxerrorpath=%2Fdublin-vibrant-city-quarters | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.thejournal.ie/dublin-launches-new-creative-quarter-for-city-centre-380795-Mar2012/ | newspaper = TheJournal.ie | title = Dublin launches new 'Creative Quarter' for city centre | date = 11 March 2012 | access-date = 22 February 2017 | archive-date = 7 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190107002837/https://www.thejournal.ie/article.php?id=380795 | url-status = live }}</ref> These include the Medieval Quarter (in the area of [[Dublin Castle]], [[Christ Church, Dublin|Christ Church]] and [[St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin|St Patrick's Cathedral]] and the old city walls),<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/welcome-to-medieval-quarter-26359647.html | title = Welcome to medieval quarter | date = 12 October 2006 | access-date = 22 February 2017 | archive-date = 23 February 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170223125020/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/welcome-to-medieval-quarter-26359647.html | url-status = live }}</ref> the Georgian Quarter (including the area around St Stephen's Green, Trinity College, and [[Merrion Square]]), the Docklands Quarter (around the [[Dublin Docklands]] and [[Silicon Docks]]), the Cultural Quarter (around [[Temple Bar, Dublin|Temple Bar]]), and Creative Quarter (between South William Street and George's Street).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dublintown.ie/creativequarter|title=Dublin Town – Creative Quarter – DublinTown – What's On, Shopping & Events in Dublin City – Dublin Town|website=What's On, Shopping & Events in Dublin City – Dublin Town|access-date=13 November 2016|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107003213/https://www.dublintown.ie/creativequarter/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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===Rail===
[[File:LUAS trams at
[[Dublin Heuston railway station|Heuston]] and [[Dublin Connolly railway station|Connolly]] stations are the two main railway termini in Dublin. Operated by [[Iarnród Éireann]], the [[Dublin Suburban Rail]] network consists of five railway lines serving the Greater Dublin Area and commuter towns such as [[Drogheda]] and [[Dundalk]] in County Louth, [[Gorey]] in [[County Wexford]], and extending as far as [[Portlaoise]] in County Laois, and once a day to [[Newry]]. One of the five lines is the electrified [[Dublin Area Rapid Transit]] (DART) line, which runs primarily along the coast of Dublin, comprising 31 stations, from [[Malahide]] and [[Howth]] southwards as far as [[Bray, County Wicklow|Bray]] and [[Greystones]] in County Wicklow.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dublin.ie/transport/dart.htm|title=DART (Dublin Area Rapid Transit)|access-date=28 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721123858/http://www.dublin.ie/transport/dart.htm|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Commuter (Irish Rail)|Commuter rail]] operates on the other four lines using Irish Rail [[diesel multiple unit]]s. In 2013, passengers for DART and Dublin Suburban lines were 16 million and 11.7 million, respectively (around 75% of all Irish Rail passengers).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=TCA01|title=Passenger Journeys by Rail by Type of Journey and Year – StatBank – data and statistics|access-date=20 April 2016|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107003029/https://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=TCA01|url-status=live}}</ref>
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