Content deleted Content added
Guliolopez (talk | contribs) |
m →Etymology: avoid breaking up words with bold; see also MOS:NOBOLD |
||
| (15 intermediate revisions by 13 users not shown) | |||
Line 98:
| official_name =
| population_as_of = 2022
| established_date = Unknown<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/8-january-1986-bogus-selection-of-date-to-mark-dublin-s-millennium-1.1266478 | newspaper = The Irish Times | title = 8 January 1986: 'Bogus' selection of date to mark Dublin's millennium | access-date = 16 June 2021 | archive-date = 24 June 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195445/https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/8-january-1986-bogus-selection-of-date-to-mark-dublin-s-millennium-1.1266478 | url-status = live }}</ref>
| established_title = Founded
Line 108 ⟶ 106:
}}
'''Dublin''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ʌ|b|l|ᵻ|n|audio=En-us-Dublin.ogg}}; {{Irish place name|Baile Átha Cliath}},<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.logainm.ie/en/1375542| title=Dublin |website=Placename database of Ireland| access-date=15 January 2018| archive-date=7 January 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107002646/https://www.logainm.ie/en/1375542| url-status=live}}</ref> {{IPA-ga|ˈbˠalʲə aːhə ˈclʲiə|pron}} <small>or</small> {{IPA-ga|ˌbʲlʲaː ˈclʲiə|}}) is the [[Capital city|capital]] of
A settlement was established in the area by the [[Gaels]] during or before the 7th century,<ref name="dicksonX">{{Cite book|title= Dublin The Making of a Capital City|last=Dickson|first=David|publisher=Profile Books Ltd.|year=2014|isbn=978-0-674-74444-8|pages=x}}</ref> followed by the [[Viking]]s. As the [[Kings of Dublin|Kingdom of Dublin]] grew, it became Ireland's principal settlement by the 12th century [[Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland]].<ref name="dicksonX"/> The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century and was briefly the second largest in the [[British Empire]] and sixth largest in [[Western Europe]] after the [[Acts of Union 1800|Acts of Union]] in 1800.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Conway |first=Richard |date=31 May 2022 |title=How Dublin's Modest Terraced Houses Came Back Into Fashion |language=en |work=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2022-05-31/the-design-history-of-dublin-over-basement-row-houses |access-date=27 June 2022 |archive-date=26 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926092900/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2022-05-31/the-design-history-of-dublin-over-basement-row-houses |url-status=live }}</ref> Following independence in 1922, Dublin became the capital of the [[Irish Free State]], [[Names of the Irish State|renamed Ireland]] in 1937. {{As of|2018}}, the city was listed by the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]] (GaWC) as a [[global city]], with a ranking of "Alpha minus", which placed it among the top thirty cities in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zyen.com/GFCI/GFCI%208.pdf |title=Global Financial Centres Index 8 |access-date=30 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011091643/http://www.zyen.com/GFCI/GFCI%208.pdf |archive-date=11 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2018t.html |title=The World According to GaWC 2018 |publisher=Globalization and World Cities Research Network: [[Loughborough University]] |access-date=23 November 2018 |date=13 November 2018 |archive-date=3 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503165246/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2016t.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
Line 117 ⟶ 115:
The name ''Dublin'' comes from the [[Middle Irish]] word {{lang|mga|Du(i)blind}} (literally "Blackpool"),<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Baile Átha Cliath/Dublin |url=https://www.logainm.ie/en/1375542/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=logainm.ie |language=en}}</ref> from {{lang|ghc|dubh}} {{IPA-all|d̪ˠuβˠ|}} "black, dark" and {{lang|ghc|linn}} {{IPA-all|l̠ʲin̠ʲ(dʲ)|}} "pool". This evolved into the [[Early Modern Irish]] form {{lang|ghc|Du(i)bhlinn}},<ref name=":2" /> which was pronounced "Duílinn" {{IPA-ga|ˈd̪ˠiːlʲin̠ʲ|}} in the [[Irish language#Leinster|local dialect]]. The name refers to a dark tidal pool on the site of the castle gardens at the rear of [[Dublin Castle]], where the [[River Poddle]] entered the [[River Liffey|Liffey]].
Historically, scribes writing in [[Insular script|Gaelic script]], used a ''b'' with a [[dot (diacritic)|dot]] over it to represent a modern ''bh'', resulting in Du(i)ḃlinn. Those without knowledge of Irish omitted the dot, spelling the name as ''Dublin''.{{
It is now thought that the Viking settlement was preceded by a Christian ecclesiastical settlement known as ''Duibhlinn'', from which ''Dyflin'' took its name.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Medieval Dublin, the making of a metropolis|last=Clarke|first=Howard|publisher=Irish Academic Press|year=1995|isbn=978-0716524595|page=44}}</ref> Beginning in the 9th and 10th centuries, there were two settlements where the modern city stands. The Viking settlement of about 841, ''Dyflin'', and a Gaelic settlement, Áth Cliath ("ford of hurdles")<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Palgrave Handbook of Literature and the City|last=Tambling|first=Jeremy|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2017|isbn=978-1137549105|page=98}}</ref> further up the river, at the present-day [[Father Mathew Bridge]] (also known as Dublin Bridge), at the bottom of Church Street.
Line 204 ⟶ 202:
===Climate===
Similar to much of the rest of northwestern Europe, Dublin experiences a [[maritime climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|''Cfb'']]) with mild-warm summers, cool winters, and a lack of temperature extremes. At [[Merrion Square]], the coldest month is February, with an average minimum temperature of {{convert|4.1|C|F|abbr=on}}, and the warmest month is July, with an average maximum temperature of {{convert|20.1|C|F|abbr=on}}. Due to the [[urban heat island]] effect, Dublin city has the warmest summertime nights in Ireland. The average minimum temperature at Merrion Square in July is {{convert|13.5|C|F|abbr=on}}, and the lowest July temperature ever recorded at the station was {{convert|7.8|C|F|abbr=on}} on 3 July 1974.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.met.ie/climate/available-data/historical-data|title=Historical Data: DUBLIN (MERRION SQUARE) - Station No. 3923|publisher=Met Éireann|access-date=9 June 2022|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195529/https://www.met.ie/climate/available-data/historical-data|url-status=live}}</ref>
The highest temperature officially recorded in Dublin is {{cvt|33.1|C}} on 18 July 2022, at the [[Phoenix Park]]. A non-official record of {{cvt|33.5|C}} was also recorded at Phoenix Park in July 1876<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dooley |first1=Katherine |last2=Kelly |first2=Ciaran |last3=Seifert |first3=Natascha |last4=Myslinski |first4=Therese |last5=O'Kelly |first5=Sophie |last6=Siraj |first6=Rushna |last7=Crosby |first7=Ciara |last8=Dunne |first8=Jack Kevin |last9=McCauley |first9=Kate |last10=Donoghue |first10=James |last11=Gaddren |first11=Eoin |last12=Conway |first12=Daniel |last13=Cooney |first13=Jordan |last14=McCarthy |first14=Niamh |last15=Cullen |first15=Eoin |date=2023-01-03 |title=Reassessing long-standing meteorological records: an example using the national hottest day in Ireland |url=https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/53027 |journal=Climate of the Past |language=en |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=1–22 |doi=10.5194/cp-19-1-2023 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023CliPa..19....1D |issn=1814-9332}}</ref>
Dublin's sheltered location on the east coast makes it the driest place in Ireland, receiving only about half the rainfall of the west coast. [[Ringsend]] in the south of the city records the lowest rainfall in the country, with an average annual precipitation of {{convert|683|mm|0|abbr=on}},<ref>{{cite web |publisher=European Climate Assessment & Dataset |title=Climatology details for station DUBLIN (RINGSEND), IRELAND and index RR: Precipitation sum |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=RR&stationid=1958 |access-date=21 December 2012 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182200/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=RR&stationid=1958 |url-status=live }}</ref> with the average annual precipitation in the city centre being {{convert|726|mm|0|abbr=on}}. At Merrion Square, the wettest year and driest year on record occurred within 5 years of each other, with 1953 receiving just {{convert|463.1|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rainfall, while 1958 recorded {{convert|1022.5|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name="auto"
The city experiences long summer days and short winter days. Based on satellite observations, [[Met Éireann]] estimates that Dublin's coastal areas typically receive over 1,600 hours of sunshine per year,<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Met Éireann |title=Sunshine and Solar Radiation |url=https://www.met.ie/climate/what-we-measure/sunshine |access-date=2 May 2024 }}</ref> with the climate getting progressively duller inland. Dublin airport, located north of city and about {{Convert|10|km|mi}} from the coast, records an average of 1,485 hours of sunshine per year. The station at Dublin airport has been maintaining climate records since November 1941. The sunniest year on record was 1,740 hours in 1959, and the dullest year was 1987 with 1,240 hours of sunshine. The lowest amount of monthly sunshine on record was 16.4 hours in January 1996, while the highest was 305.9 hours in July 1955.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Met Éireann |title=Historical Data - Monthly Average (1941-present) - Dublin Airport (mly532) |url=https://www.met.ie/climate/available-data/historical-data |access-date=2 May 2024 }}</ref>
In the 20th century, smog and air-pollution were an issue in the city, precipitating a ban on bituminous fuels across Dublin.<ref name="coalbangov">{{cite web | url = https://www.dccae.gov.ie/en-ie/environment/topics/air-quality/smoky-coal-ban/Pages/default.aspx | publisher = Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment | title = Smoky coal ban | access-date = 1 January 2018 | archive-date = 7 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190107003053/https://www.dccae.gov.ie/en-ie/environment/topics/air-quality/smoky-coal-ban/Pages/default.aspx%20 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="coalbantimes">{{cite news |url = https://www.irishtimes.com/news/environment/how-the-coal-ban-dealt-with-dublin-s-burning-issue-1.2367021 |newspaper = [[The Irish Times]] |title = How the coal ban dealt with Dublin's burning issue |date = 26 September 2015 |access-date = 22 February 2017 |archive-date = 23 February 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170223125126/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/environment/how-the-coal-ban-dealt-with-dublin-s-burning-issue-1.2367021 |url-status = live }}</ref> The ban was implemented in 1990 to address black smoke concentrations, that had been linked to cardiovascular and respiratory deaths in residents. Since the ban, non-trauma death rates, respiratory death rates and cardiovascular death rates have declined – by an estimated 350 deaths annually.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Clancy|first1=L.|last2=Goodman|first2=P.|last3=Sinclair|first3=H|last4=Dockery|first4=D.|title=Effect of air-pollution on death rates in Dublin Ireland: an intervention study|year=2002|url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(02)11281-5/fulltext|journal=The Lancet|volume=360|issue=9341|pages=1210–1214|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11281-5|pmid=12401247|s2cid=23915805|access-date=14 November 2016|archive-date=29 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129064407/http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(02)11281-5/fulltext|url-status=live| issn = 0140-6736 }}</ref><ref name="coalbantimes" />
{{Dublin weatherbox}}
Line 307 ⟶ 305:
===Areas===
====City centre====
The historic city centre of Dublin is encircled by the [[Royal Canal]] and [[Grand Canal (Ireland)|Grand Canal]], bounded to the west by [[Heuston railway station]] and [[Phoenix Park]], and to the east by the [[International Financial Services Centre, Dublin|IFSC]] and the [[Dublin Docklands|Docklands]]. [[O'Connell Street]] is the main thoroughfare of the inner city and many Dublin Bus routes, as well as the Green line of the [[Luas]], have a stop at O'Connell Street. The main shopping streets of the inner city include [[Henry Street, Dublin|Henry Street]] on the Northside, and [[Grafton Street]] on the Southside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dublin |url=https://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g186605-Dublin_County_Dublin-Vacations.html |website=www.tripadvisor.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Brady |first1=Joseph |last2=Simms |first2=Anngret |title= Dublin : through space and time, c. 900-1900 |publisher= Four Courts Press, Dublin |isbn= 978-1851826100 |pages=12, 282}}</ref>
[[File:South Great George's Street Dublin.jpg|thumb|alt=Victorian Buildings on South Great George's Street, Dublin|Victorian-era buildings, such as the [[George's Street Arcade]], are common in the south inner city.]]
In some tourism and real-estate marketing contexts, inner Dublin is sometimes divided into a number of quarters.<ref name="quartersvisit">{{cite web | url = http://www.visitdublin.com/dublin-vibrant-city-quarters | publisher = VisitDublin.com | title = Dublin – A Vibrant City – Quarters | access-date = 22 February 2017 | archive-date = 7 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190107003038/https://www.visitdublin.com/CMSMessages/PageNotFound.aspx?aspxerrorpath=%2Fdublin-vibrant-city-quarters | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.thejournal.ie/dublin-launches-new-creative-quarter-for-city-centre-380795-Mar2012/ | newspaper = TheJournal.ie | title = Dublin launches new 'Creative Quarter' for city centre | date = 11 March 2012 | access-date = 22 February 2017 | archive-date = 7 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190107002837/https://www.thejournal.ie/article.php?id=380795 | url-status = live }}</ref> These include the Medieval Quarter (in the area of [[Dublin Castle]], [[Christ Church, Dublin|Christ Church]] and [[St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin|St Patrick's Cathedral]] and the old city walls),<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/welcome-to-medieval-quarter-26359647.html | title = Welcome to medieval quarter | date = 12 October 2006 | access-date = 22 February 2017 | archive-date = 23 February 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170223125020/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/welcome-to-medieval-quarter-26359647.html | url-status = live }}</ref> the Georgian Quarter (including the area around St Stephen's Green, Trinity College, and [[Merrion Square]]), the Docklands Quarter (around the [[Dublin Docklands]] and [[Silicon Docks]]), the Cultural Quarter (around [[Temple Bar, Dublin|Temple Bar]]), and Creative Quarter (between South William Street and George's Street).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dublintown.ie/creativequarter|title=Dublin Town – Creative Quarter – DublinTown – What's On, Shopping & Events in Dublin City – Dublin Town|website=What's On, Shopping & Events in Dublin City – Dublin Town|access-date=13 November 2016|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107003213/https://www.dublintown.ie/creativequarter/|url-status=live}}</ref>
====Suburbs====
[[File:Sandyford apts 1.jpg|thumb|alt=Apartment blocks in Sandyford, Dublin|High density apartments in [[Sandyford, Dublin
Dublin's Northside suburbs include areas such as [[Finglas]], [[Ballymun]], [[Clontarf, Dublin
Starting in the late 2010s, there was a significant amount of high density residential developments in the suburbs of Dublin,{{
[[File:Dublin - Molly Malone.jpg|thumb|[[Molly Malone]] statue]]
===Cultural divide===
A north–south division once, to some extent, traditionally existed, with the River Liffey as the divider.<ref name="northsouthmyth2">{{cite news |date=14 November 2012 |title=Time to move beyond the northside-southside myth |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/time-to-move-beyond-the-northside-southside-myth-1.551483 |url-status=live |access-date=17 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207005218/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/time-to-move-beyond-the-northside-southside-myth-1.551483 |archive-date=7 February 2018}}</ref> The southside was, in recent times, generally seen as being more affluent and genteel than the northside.<ref name="northsouthmyth2" /> There have also been some social divisions evident between the coastal suburbs in the east of the city, and the newer developments further to the west.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
===Landmarks===
{{Further|List of public art in Dublin}}
Line 338 ⟶ 337:
[[File:O'Connell Street Dublin & Jim Larkin.JPG|thumb|upright|The [[Spire of Dublin]] rises behind the statue of [[James Larkin|Jim Larkin]].]]Other landmarks and monuments include [[Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin|Christ Church Cathedral]] and [[St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin|St Patrick's Cathedral]], the [[Mansion House, Dublin|Mansion House]], the [[Molly Malone]] statue, the complex of buildings around Leinster House, including part of the [[National Museum of Ireland]] and the [[National Library of Ireland]], [[The Custom House]] and [[Áras an Uachtaráin]]. Other sights include the [[Anna Livia (monument)|Anna Livia monument]]. The [[Poolbeg Generating Station|Poolbeg Towers]] are also landmark features of Dublin, and visible from various spots around the city.
===Parks===
[[File:Dublin Stephen's Green-44 edit.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of [[St Stephen's Green]]]]
Line 363:
|-
|1900
|Transfer of former urban districts of [[Clontarf, Dublin|Clontarf]], [[Drumcondra, Clonliffe and Glasnevin]], and [[New Kilmainham]] from County Dublin<ref>[[Dublin Corporation Act 1900
|-
|1930
|Transfer of former urban districts of [[Pembroke,
|-
|1931
Line 399:
In the second quarter of 2018, Dublin touched its lowest unemployment rate in a decade, when it fell down to 5.7% as reported by the Dublin Economic Monitor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/business/monitor-dublin-unemployment-falls-to-lowest-level-in-10-years-amid-economic-resurgence-859553.html|title=Monitor: Dublin unemployment falls to lowest level in 10 years amid economic resurgence|access-date=2 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011172942/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/business/monitor-dublin-unemployment-falls-to-lowest-level-in-10-years-amid-economic-resurgence-859553.html|archive-date=11 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://issuu.com/256media/docs/dem_aug18?e=16581915/63526870|title=14th issue of the Dublin Economic Monitor|access-date=1 August 2018|archive-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730032558/https://issuu.com/256media/docs/dem_aug18?e=16581915%2F63526870|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2022, Dublin was ranked as one of the worst cities in the world for travel, health and cost of living.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dublin ranked one of the worst cities in the world for cost of living |url=https://www.independent.ie/regionals/dublin/dublin-news/dublin-ranked-one-of-the-worst-cities-in-the-world-for-cost-of-living/42182330.html |access-date=12 May 2023 |website=Independent.ie |date=29 November 2022 |language=en |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512161617/https://www.independent.ie/regionals/dublin/dublin-news/dublin-ranked-one-of-the-worst-cities-in-the-world-for-cost-of-living/42182330.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 24 September 2022, thousands took to the streets in protest against the cost of living crisis.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McGreevy |first1=Ronan |last2=O'Riordan |first2=Ellen |title=Cost-of-living protest: Thousands turn out for Dublin march |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/politics/2022/09/24/cost-of-living-protest-thousands-turn-out-in-dublin-as-march-hears-social-contract-has-been-broken/ |publisher=The Irish Times |access-date=12 May 2023 |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512201033/https://www.irishtimes.com/politics/2022/09/24/cost-of-living-protest-thousands-turn-out-in-dublin-as-march-hears-social-contract-has-been-broken/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
As of 2024, the [[Gross domestic product|Gross Domestic Product]] of Dublin is €253.6 billion, meaning it has one of the biggest city economies in the [[European Union]].
==Transport==
Line 426:
===Rail===
[[File:LUAS trams at
[[Dublin Heuston railway station|Heuston]] and [[Dublin Connolly railway station|Connolly]] stations are the two main railway termini in Dublin. Operated by [[Iarnród Éireann]], the [[Dublin Suburban Rail]] network consists of five railway lines serving the Greater Dublin Area and commuter towns such as [[Drogheda]] and [[Dundalk]] in County Louth, [[Gorey]] in [[County Wexford]], and extending as far as [[Portlaoise]] in County Laois, and once a day to [[Newry]]. One of the five lines is the electrified [[Dublin Area Rapid Transit]] (DART) line, which runs primarily along the coast of Dublin, comprising 31 stations, from [[Malahide]] and [[Howth]] southwards as far as [[Bray, County Wicklow|Bray]] and [[Greystones]] in County Wicklow.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dublin.ie/transport/dart.htm|title=DART (Dublin Area Rapid Transit)|access-date=28 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721123858/http://www.dublin.ie/transport/dart.htm|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Commuter (Irish Rail)|Commuter rail]] operates on the other four lines using Irish Rail [[diesel multiple unit]]s. In 2013, passengers for DART and Dublin Suburban lines were 16 million and 11.7 million, respectively (around 75% of all Irish Rail passengers).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=TCA01|title=Passenger Journeys by Rail by Type of Journey and Year – StatBank – data and statistics|access-date=20 April 2016|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107003029/https://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=TCA01|url-status=live}}</ref>
Line 445:
From 2010 to 2016, Dublin Airport saw an increase of nearly 9.5 million passengers in its annual traffic,<ref name="dub2016record"/> as the number of commercial aircraft movements has similarly followed a growth trend from 163,703 in 2013 to 191,233 in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Flight Statistics 1998 – 2014|url=https://www.iaa.ie/who-we-are/flight-statistics/flight-statistics-1998---2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411220834/https://www.iaa.ie/who-we-are/flight-statistics/flight-statistics-1998---2014|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 April 2016|website=Irish Aviation Authority|access-date=1 February 2017|date=11 April 2016}}</ref>
In 2019, Dublin Airport was the 12th busiest airport in Europe, with almost 33 million passengers passing through the airport.
====Other air transport====
Line 475:
[[File:Dublin population pyramid.svg|thumb|Dublin (city) population pyramid in 2022]]
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="width:20%;"
|+ Main immigrant groups in Dublin City and suburbs (2016)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cpnin/cpnin/ |title=Census 2016 -Non-Irish Nationalities Living in Ireland |date=18 September 2018 |publisher=
|-
! scope="column" | Nationality
Line 533:
After [[World War II]], Italians were by far the largest immigrant group in both Dublin and Ireland and became synonymous with the catering and restaurant landscape.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/1665-immigration/370199-the-italians/ |title=RTÉ Archives | The Italians |publisher=RTÉ |access-date=14 August 2018 |archive-date=26 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826074204/https://www.rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/1665-immigration/370199-the-italians/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ucd.ie/t4cms/WP13_19.pdf |publisher =UCD Centre for Economic Research | work = Working Paper Series | title = 'Because She Never Let Them In': Irish Immigration a Century Ago and Today | date = December 2013 |access-date=24 July 2018 |archive-date=20 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120174100/http://www.ucd.ie/t4cms/WP13_19.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Since the late 1990s, Dublin has experienced a significant level of net immigration, with the greatest numbers coming from the European Union, especially the United Kingdom, Poland and Lithuania.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/mar/12/pressandpublishing.business3 | website = [[The Guardian]] | title = Dublin heralds a new era in publishing for immigrants | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170129064418/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/mar/12/pressandpublishing.business3 |archive-date=29 January 2017 | date = 12 March 2006}}</ref> There is also immigration from outside Europe, including from Brazil, India, the Philippines, China and Nigeria. Dublin is home to a greater proportion of newer arrivals than any other part of the country. Sixty percent of Ireland's Asian population lives in Dublin.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.rte.ie/news/2007/0726/91717-census/ |publisher = Raidió Teilifís Éireann |title = Foreign nationals now 10% of Irish population |date = 26 July 2007 |access-date = 29 August 2015 |archive-date = 24 September 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924141241/http://www.rte.ie/news/2007/0726/91717-census/ |url-status = live }}</ref>
The capital attracts the largest proportion of non-Catholic migrants from other countries. Increased secularisation in Ireland has prompted a drop in regular Catholic church attendance in Dublin from over 90 percent in the mid-1970s down to 14 percent according to a 2011 survey and less than 2% in some areas<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/22/world/europe/ireland-catholic-baptism-school.html Catholic Church's Hold on Schools at Issue in Changing Ireland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304115408/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/22/world/europe/ireland-catholic-baptism-school.html |date=4 March 2017 }} ''The New York Times'', 21 January 2016</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = http://rte.ie/brainstorm/2018/0821/986468-after-francis-whats-the-future-for-the-church-in-ireland/| publisher = Raidió Teilifís Éireann| title = After Francis: what's the future for the church in Ireland?| date = 23 August 2018| access-date = 8 December 2020| archive-date = 28 December 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201228221158/https://www.rte.ie/brainstorm/2018/0821/986468-after-francis-whats-the-future-for-the-church-in-ireland/| url-status = live| last1 = Ganiel| first1 = Gladys}}</ref> As of the [[2016 census of Ireland|2016 census]], 68.2% of Dublin's population identified as Catholic, 12.7% as other stated religions, with 19.1% having no religion or no religion stated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=ST2016&Geog_Code=EED4C2E4-43BA-428E-96FC-1C65CC0A4340#SAPMAP_T2_220|title=Census 2016 Sapmap Area: Settlements Dublin City And Suburbs. Population by religion.|website=Central Statistics Office|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113075445/http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=ST2016&Geog_Code=EED4C2E4-43BA-428E-96FC-1C65CC0A4340#SAPMAP_T2_220|archive-date=13 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
According to the 2022 census, the population of [[County Dublin]] self-identified as 80.4% white (68.0% white Irish, 12.0% other white and 0.4% Irish traveller), 5.8% Asian, 3.0% mixed backgrounds, 2.2% [[Black people in Ireland|Black]] and 8.5% not stated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interactive Data Visualisations {{!}} CSO Ireland |url=https://visual.cso.ie/?body=entity/ima/cop/2022&boundary=C04160V04929&guid=52be0df1-c0d3-4a30-98c1-df9ada232158&theme=1 |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=visual.cso.ie}}</ref> In the same census, the ethnic makeup of Dublin city was 76.81% white (including 64.23% white Irish and 12.19% other white people), 12.98% not stated, 5.11% Asian, 3.50% other and 1.58% [[Black people in Ireland|black]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interactive Data Visualisations {{!}} CSO Ireland |url=https://visual.cso.ie/?body=entity/ima/cop/2022&boundary=C03789V04537&guid=2ae19629-1433-13a3-e055-000000000001&theme=1 |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=visual.cso.ie}}</ref>
Line 598:
====Association football====
Dublin is home to five [[League of Ireland]] association football clubs: [[Bohemian F.C.|Bohemian]], [[Shamrock Rovers F.C.|Shamrock Rovers]], [[Shelbourne F.C.|Shelbourne]], [[St Patrick's Athletic F.C.|St Patrick's Athletic]] and [[University College Dublin A.F.C.|University College Dublin]]. The first Irish side to reach the group stages of a European competition ([[2011–12 UEFA Europa League group stage]]) are [[Shamrock Rovers F.C.|Shamrock Rovers]], who play at [[Tallaght Stadium]] in [[South Dublin]]. [[Bohemian F.C.|Bohemian F.C]] play at [[Dalymount Park]], the oldest football stadium in the country, and home ground for the [[Republic of Ireland national football team|Ireland football team]] from 1904 to the 1970s. [[St Patrick's Athletic F.C.|St Patrick's Athletic]] play at [[Richmond Park (football ground)|Richmond Park]]; [[University College Dublin A.F.C.|University College Dublin]] at the [[UCD Bowl]] in [[Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]; and [[Shelbourne F.C.|Shelbourne]] at [[Tolka Park]]. Tolka Park, Dalymount Park, UCD Bowl and Tallaght Stadium, along with the [[Carlisle Grounds]] in [[Bray, County Wicklow|Bray]], hosted all Group 3 games in the intermediary round of the [[2011 UEFA Regions' Cup]]. The [[Aviva Stadium]] hosted the [[2011 UEFA Europa League
====Cricket====
Line 615:
Historically, Irish coffee houses and cafes were associated with those working in media.<ref name="MacConIomaire">{{cite journal |last1=Mac Con Iomaire |first1=Máirtín |title=Coffee Culture in Dublin: A Brief History |journal=M/C Journal |date=2012 |volume=15 |issue=2 |doi=10.5204/mcj.456|doi-access=free}}</ref> Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the growth of apartment living in the city, Dublin's cafés attracted younger patrons looking for an informal gathering place and an ad hoc office.<ref name="MacConIomaire"/> Cafés became more popular in the city, and Irish-owned coffee chains like Java Republic, Insomnia, and O'Brien's Sandwich Bars now compete internationally. In 2008, Irish barista Stephen Morrissey won the title of World Barista Champion.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/full-of-beans-meet-stephen-the-worlds-best-barista-26462018.html | newspaper = Irish Independent | date = 15 July 2008 | title = Full of beans: meet Stephen, the world's best barista | access-date = 4 July 2017 | archive-date = 4 July 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180704214613/https://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/full-of-beans-meet-stephen-the-worlds-best-barista-26462018.html | url-status = live }}</ref>
==English and Irish
Dublin was traditionally a city of two languages, English and [[Irish language|Irish]], a situation found also in the area around it, [[
In the words of a 16th-century English administrator, [[William Gerard]] (1518–1581): "All Englishe, and the most part with delight, even in Dublin, speak Irishe".<ref>See "Tony Crowley, "The Politics of Language in Ireland 1366–1922: A Sourcebook" and [[Joep Leerssen|Leerssen, Joep]], ''Mere Irish and Fior-Ghael: Studies in the Idea of Irish Nationality, Its Development and Literary Expression Prior to the Nineteenth Century'', University of Notre Dame Press 1997, p. 51. {{ISBN|978-0268014278}}</ref> The [[Normans in Ireland|Old English]] historian [[Richard Stanihurst]] (1547–1618) wrote as follows: "When their posteritie became not altogither so warie in keeping, as their ancestors were valiant in conquering, the Irish language was free dennized in the English Pale: this canker tooke such deep root, as the bodie that before was whole and sound, was by little and little festered, and in manner wholly putrified".<ref>Ellis, Henry (ed.). ''The Description of Ireland'', An Electronic Edition: Chapter 1 (The Names of Ireland, with the Compasse of the Same, also what Shires or Counties it Conteineth, the Diuision or Partition of the Land, and of the Language of the People): http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.03.0089 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224171235/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.03.0089 |date=24 February 2021 }}</ref>
Line 626:
Though the number of Irish speakers declined throughout Ireland in the 19th century, the end of the century saw a [[Gaelic revival]], centred in Dublin and accompanied by renewed literary activity.<ref>Ó Conluain, Proinsias & Ó Céileachair, Donncha (1958). ''An Duinníneach'', pp. 148–153, 163–169, 210–215. Sáirséal agus Dill. ISBN 0-901374-22-9.</ref> This was the harbinger of a steady renewal of urban Irish, though with new characteristics of its own.<ref name="schism">{{cite news|last=Ó Broin|first=Brian|date=16 January 2010|title=Schism fears for Gaeilgeoirí|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/schism-fears-for-gaeilgeoir%C3%AD-1.1269494|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]|access-date=16 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216211616/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/schism-fears-for-gaeilgeoir%C3%AD-1.1269494|archive-date=16 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>John Walsh; Bernadette OʼRourke; Hugh Rowland, ''Research Report on New Speakers of Irish'': https://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/New-speakers-of-Irish-report.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308094820/https://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/New-speakers-of-Irish-report.pdf |date=8 March 2021 }}</ref>
===Current era===
The native language of most Dubliners today is English, and several local dialects are subsumed under the label [[Dublin English]]. Dublin
The Dublin Irish-speaking cohort is supported by a number of Irish-medium schools. There are 12,950 students in the Dublin region attending 34 [[gaelscoil]]eanna (Irish-language primary schools) and 10 [[Gaelcholáiste|gaelcholáistí]] (Irish-language secondary schools).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gaelscoileanna.ie/files/Education-through-Irish.pdf|title=Education through the Medium of Irish 2015/2016|year=2016|publisher=gaelscoileanna.ie|access-date=1 January 2018|archive-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101135552/http://www.gaelscoileanna.ie/files/Education-through-Irish.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
Two Irish language radio stations, [[Raidió Na Life]] and [[RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta]], have studios in the city, and the online station [[Raidió Rí-Rá]] broadcasts from studios in the city. A number of Irish language agencies are also located in the capital. {{Lang|ga|[[Conradh na Gaeilge]]}} offers language classes and is used as a meeting place for different groups.{{
==International relations==
| |||