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{{short description|Indigenous people of Ecuador and Colombia}}
{{distinguish|Awá (Brazil)}}
The '''Awá''' (or Kwaiker) are an ancient [[indigenous people]] that inhabit the regions of northern [[Ecuador]] (provinces of [[Carchi]] and [[Sucumbios]]) and southern [[Colombia]] (particularly the departments of [[Nariño Department|Nariño]] y [[Putumayo Department|Putumayo]]). Their entire population is around 32,555 members <ref>Saavedra, L. [http://www.lapress.org/articles.asp?art=5780 Awas unite to fend off threats], Latinamerica press, January 22, 2009; ''Retrieved on February 19, 2009''</ref>. They speak a language called [[Awa-Cuaiquer language|Awapit]].▼
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Awá (Kwaiker)
|image = [[File:Awa Vermessung.jpg|200px|center]]
|population = 32,555<ref name=latin>{{cite web|url=http://www.lapress.org/articles.asp?art=5780 |title=Awas unite to fend off threats |author=Saavedra, Luis Ángel |date=22 Jan 2009 |work=Latinamerica Press |publisher=Noticias Aliadas |access-date=23 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220085625/http://www.lapress.org/articles.asp?art=5780 |archive-date=20 February 2012 }}</ref>
|region1 = {{Flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Ecuador]]
|pop1 = 6,000–8,000 (1987)
|ref1 =
|region2 = {{Flagicon|Colombia}} [[Colombia]]
|pop2 = 3,000 (1987)<ref name=c173>Chernela 173</ref>
|ref2 =
|languages = [[Awapit language]]<ref name=c173/>
|religions =
|related =
|footnotes =
}}
▲The '''Awá''', also known as the '''Kwaiker'''
==Reserve==
Their main organization is called UNIPA, which stands for Unity of Indigenous People Awa. Another internal organization is CAMAWARI. Their main leaders are called Governors. Awa actively participate in local politics since 1993 when they elected the first mayor of in the municipality of Ricaurte (Juan Legarda) and several municipal counsellors. Since that year Awa people has continued to play an important role in the politics of the department of Nariño.▼
The Awa Reserve was established in northwestern Ecuador in 1987. The reserve combines indigenous and forestry legislature, so that the Awa people could manage the forest and their own lands.<ref name=c173/> This reserve is in the Choco Forest within the [[Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena]] region, one of the most biodiverse places on the planet, however logging and mining interests are illegally active in the reserve.<ref name=latin/>
==Subsistence==
The Awa traditionally hunt, gather, fish, and cultivate plants. Today, they also farm livestock, such as chickens, ducks, guinea pigs, and pigs.<ref name=c177>Chernela 177</ref>
They practice a form of agriculture called "slash and mulch," which involves clearing small parcels of land (about 1.25 to 5 acres) and leaving the fallen plants and trees to decay. Within days the vegetation turns to a layer of [[humus]], favorable for planting. These parcels are cultivated for two or three seasons, then left fallow for periods of over seven years. They practice [[intercropping]] and grow many different varieties of [[manioc]] and [[Plantain (cooking)|plantain]]s.<ref>Chernela 175</ref> They also grow [[Maize|corn]], ''[[Colocasia]]'', ''[[Xanthosoma]]'', beans, sugarcane, hot peppers, [[chirimoya]], tomato, [[tamarind]], [[mango]], [[achiote]], [[borojo]], [[naranjilla]], [[papaya]], [[Inga edulis|inga]], [[avocado]], [[peach palm]], and other useful plants.<ref>Chernela 175-6</ref> The trees outlive the annual plants and foster regrowth while the plots are left fallow.<ref>Chernela 176</ref>
In 11th February 2009, 10<!-- ten per Amnesty--> Awa members were killed by the [[FARC]] [[guerrilla]]s who accused them of working as informers for the [[Colombian army]]<ref>[http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jXVa7QL2Tp_OSxo0__wQDPuq0_ZQD96DNGOO0 Colombian rebels say 8 Indians killed as informers]</ref>.▼
In 4th of February 17 Awá were killed, reportedly by the FARC. In August 2009 12 Awá of the same family were killed in Indigenous reservation of Gran Rosario, reportedly by the Colombian Army.<ref name="am"/>▼
Awa hunt game such as the [[Central American Agouti]], [[paca]], collared [[peccary]], [[brocket deer]], [[iguana]], and several birds. Hunting is regulated on Awa land.<ref name=c177/>
==Organizations==
[[File:Flag of the Awa People.svg|thumb|200px|Flag of the Unity of Indigenous People Awa]]
▲Their main organization is called UNIPA, which stands for Unity of Indigenous People Awa. Another internal organization is CAMAWARI. Their main leaders are called Governors. Awa actively participate in local politics since 1993 when they elected the first mayor of
==Conflicts==
{{Further|Nariño massacres}}
There were several mass murders of Awá in 2009, perpetrated by members of both [[Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia|Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)]] and the [[Colombian army]].<ref name="am">{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/third-mass-killing-colombia-awa-indigenous-peoples-2009-20090828 |title=Third mass killing of Colombia's Awá Indigenous Peoples in 2009 |date=28 August 2009 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]] |access-date=23 April 2012}}</ref>
▲
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==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}
==References==
*Chernela, Janet M. "The Awa of Ecuador." In: Stonich, Susan C., ed. ''Endangered Peoples of Latin America: Struggles to Survive and Thrive.'' Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2001. {{ISBN|0-313-30856-X}}.
==External links==
{{Commons category|Awá}}
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8224593.stm The Awa: Colombia's tribal people], BBC News
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101225191642/http://wrm.org.uy/bulletin/116/Ecuador.html Ecuador: The Awa People and their territory between political interests and economic pressure], World Rainforest Movement
* [http://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Aw-Kwaiker.html Awá Kwaiker on Every Culture]
{{Colombian people}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Awa (kwaiker)}}▼
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Indigenous peoples in Colombia]]
▲[[Category:Ethnic groups in Ecuador]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples in Ecuador]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Ecuador]]
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