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On 2 October 2018, [[Jamal Khashoggi]], a Saudi [[dissident]] journalist, was killed by agents of the [[Saudi government]] at the Saudi [[Consul (representative)|consulate]] in [[Istanbul]], Turkey.<ref name="nytasassination">{{cite news |last1=Barnes |first1=Julian E. |last2=Schmitt |first2=Eric |last3=Kirkpatrick |first3=David D. |date=12 November 2018 |title='Tell Your Boss': Recording Is Seen to Link Saudi Crown Prince More Strongly to Khashoggi Killing |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/12/world/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html |url-status=live |access-date=13 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112233122/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/12/world/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html |archive-date=12 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="bbcsaudi">{{cite news |title=Jamal Khashoggi: An unauthorized Turkey source says journalist was murdered in Saudi consulate |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45775819 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=7 October 2018 |access-date=12 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009004244/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45775819 |archive-date=9 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Khashoggi was ambushed and strangled by a 15-member squad of Saudi operatives.<ref name="Sakelaris" /><ref name="KirkpatrickCumming-Bruce">{{Cite news |last1=Kirkpatrick |first1=David D. |last2=Cumming-Bruce |first2=Nick |date=19 June 2019 |title=Saudis Called Khashoggi 'Sacrificial Animal' as They Waited to Kill Him |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/19/world/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-Mohammed-bin-Salman.html |access-date=27 September 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=24 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924042848/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/19/world/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-Mohammed-bin-Salman.html |url-status=live }}</ref> His body was dismembered and disposed of in some way that was never publicly revealed.<ref>{{cite web |last=Uras |first=Umut |date=31 October 2018 |title=Turkey: Khashoggi strangled immediately after entering consulate |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/khashoggi-choked-death-dismembered-turkey-prosecutor-181031145816813.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031231027/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/khashoggi-choked-death-dismembered-turkey-prosecutor-181031145816813.html |archive-date=31 October 2018 |access-date=31 October 2018 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> The consulate had been [[Covert listening device|secretly bugged]] by the Turkish government and Khashoggi's final moments were captured in audio recordings, transcripts of which were subsequently made public.<ref>{{cite
''[[The New York Times]]'' reported in June 2019 that Saudi government engaged in an extensive effort to cover up the killing, including destroying evidence.<ref name="KirkpatrickCumming-Bruce" /> By 16 October, separate investigations by Turkish officials and ''[[The New York Times]]'' had concluded that the murder was premeditated and that some members of the Saudi hit team were closely connected to [[Mohammed bin Salman]], the [[Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia|crown prince of Saudi Arabia]].<ref name="Hubbard">{{Cite news |last=Hubbard |first=Ben |date=3 January 2019 |title=Saudi Arabia Seeks Death Penalty for 5 Suspects in Khashoggi Killing |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/03/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-khashoggi-death-penalty.html |access-date=27 September 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929030552/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/03/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-khashoggi-death-penalty.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
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After repeatedly shifting its account of what happened to Khashoggi in the days following the killing, the Saudi government admitted on 25 October that he had been killed in a [[premeditated murder]],<ref name="admission">{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Saphora |date=25 October 2018 |title=Saudis change Khashoggi story again, admit killing was 'premeditated' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/saudi-arabia-now-admits-khashoggi-killing-was-premeditated-n924286 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025155511/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/saudi-arabia-now-admits-khashoggi-killing-was-premeditated-n924286 |archive-date=25 October 2018 |access-date=25 October 2018 |website=NBC News}}</ref><ref name="BBC_murder_fox">{{Cite news |date=22 October 2018 |title=Saudis now admit journalist was murdered |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45935823 |url-status=live |access-date=22 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021230750/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45935823 |archive-date=21 October 2018}}</ref> but denied that the killing took place on the orders of bin Salman.<ref name="admission" /><ref name="fivedeathsentence" /><ref name="fiveexecute" /> Bin Salman said he accepted responsibility for the killing "because it happened under my watch" but asserted that he did not order it.<ref name="Sakelaris" />
By November
The murder prompted intense global scrutiny and criticism of the Saudi government.<ref name="RashadHosenball">{{Cite news |last1=Rashad |first1=Marwa |last2=Hosenball |first2=Mark |date=23 December 2019 |title=Saudi Arabia sentences five to death over Khashoggi murder, U.N. official decries 'mockery' |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-idUSKBN1YR0SY |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927095130/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-idUSKBN1YR0SY |archive-date=27 September 2022}}</ref> A report by the [[United Nations special rapporteur]] on [[extrajudicial executions]] in June 2019 concluded that Khashoggi's murder was premeditated and called for a criminal investigation by the UN and, because Khashoggi was a resident of the United States, the US [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]].<ref name="KirkpatrickCumming-Bruce" /><ref name="RashadHosenball" /> Saudi prosecutors rejected the findings of the UN investigation and again asserted that the killing was not premeditated.<ref name="RashadHosenball" />
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After Khashoggi started writing for ''The Washington Post'', he was harassed via Twitter from pro-regime trolls and bot accounts.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last=Shaban |first=Mohammed |date=23 October 2018 |title=Khashoggi was victim of Saudi internet trolls, friend tells Euronews |url=https://www.euronews.com/2018/10/23/jamal-khashoggi-a-victim-of-saudi-internet-trolls |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103210221/https://www.euronews.com/2018/10/23/jamal-khashoggi-a-victim-of-saudi-internet-trolls |archive-date=3 November 2018 |access-date=2 November 2018 |website=Euronews}}</ref> It is believed that his harassment was instigated by Saudi royal adviser [[Saud al-Qahtani]], who had been tasked by Prince bin Salman with implementing a zero-tolerance crackdown on dissent on social media. Qahtani was later implicated in Khashoggi's murder.<ref name="reut22Oct">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-adviser-insight/how-the-man-behind-khashoggi-murder-ran-the-killing-via-skype-idUSKCN1MW2HA |title=How the man behind Khashoggi murder ran the killing via Skype |work=Reuters |date=22 October 2018 |access-date=22 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115040933/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-adviser-insight/how-the-man-behind-khashoggi-murder-ran-the-killing-via-skype-idUSKCN1MW2HA |archive-date=15 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nyt20Oct">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/20/us/politics/saudi-image-campaign-twitter.html |title=Saudis' Image Makers: A Troll Army and a Twitter Insider |work=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Katie |last1=Benner |first2=Mark |last2=Mazzetti |first3=Ben |last3=Hubbard |first4=Mike |last4=Isaac |date=20 October 2018 |access-date=7 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115201738/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/20/us/politics/saudi-image-campaign-twitter.html |archive-date=15 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Just before he was murdered, Khashoggi launched several projects to consolidate opposition to the Saudi regime, counter regime propaganda, and press for reform. One major collaborator was Saudi dissident blogger [[Omar Abdulaziz (vlogger)|Omar Abdulaziz]], one of the most visible public critics of the Saudi regime abroad.<ref name="FoPo19Oct">{{cite web |last1=Groll |
===Pegasus spyware phone hack===
{{see also|Jeff Bezos phone hacking incident}}
In summer 2018, Abdulaziz's cell phone was infected with a surveillance tool. This was first revealed on 1 October 2018 in a detailed forensic report by [[Citizen Lab]],<ref name="CiLab1Oct">{{cite web |last1=Marczak |
Through their sophisticated spyware attack on Abdulaziz's phone, the Saudi regime would have had a direct line into Khashoggi's private thoughts, and access to hours of conversations between the two men. Abdulaziz recalled: "Jamal was very polite in public, but in private, he spoke more freely{{snd}} he was very very critical of the crown prince."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Asher-Schapiro |
On 21 September, eleven days before Khashoggi was murdered in the Saudi consulate, he made a declaration of support for [[The Bees Army]]. Using the Bee Army's first [[hashtag]] "what do you know about bees" he tweeted, "They love their home country and defend it with truth and rights".<ref name="Ind20Oct">{{cite news |last1=Trew |
On 9 October, one week after his disappearance, ''The Washington Post'' published an article in which Hatice Cengiz, Khashoggi's fiancée, claimed that he had applied for U.S. citizenship.<ref name="WaPoCengiz9-10-2018">{{cite news |last1=Cengiz |
On 19 October, the [[Wilson Center]] issued a statement saying that they had offered him a fellowship at the [[Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars]] (or Wilson Center), located in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement on Jamal Khashoggi |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/statement-jamal-khashoggi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223223759/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/statement-jamal-khashoggi |archive-date=23 December 2019 |access-date=23 December 2019 |website=Wilson Center}}</ref><ref name="Yah15102018">{{cite news |last1=Alexander |first1=Nazaryan |title=Think tanks reconsider Saudi support amid Khashoggi controversy |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/think-tanks-reconsider-saudi-support-amid-khashoggi-controversy-193104698.html |publisher=Yahoo News |date=15 October 2018 |access-date=28 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028073900/https://www.yahoo.com/news/think-tanks-reconsider-saudi-support-amid-khashoggi-controversy-193104698.html |archive-date=28 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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After Khashoggi's murder, the Saudi cyber-operations were the focus of global scrutiny. The [[Government of Canada]] started an investigation in to those malicious cyberattacks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2018/11/21/exclusive-saudi-dissidents-hit-with-stealth-iphone-spyware-before-khashoggis-murder/|title=Exclusive: Saudi Dissidents Hit With Stealth iPhone Spyware Before Khashoggi's Murder|first=Thomas|last=Brewster|website=Forbes|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128002753/https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2018/11/21/exclusive-saudi-dissidents-hit-with-stealth-iphone-spyware-before-khashoggis-murder/|archive-date=28 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
In December 2018 Omar Abdulaziz granted [[CNN]] access to his text messages with Khashoggi, where the two discussed their sharp criticism and political opposition to Mohammed bin Salman.<ref>{{cite web |title=Khashoggi messages reveal sharp criticism of MBS |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A03r8oGCe3M |website=Youtube |publisher=CNN |date=2 December 2018 |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203120739/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A03r8oGCe3M |archive-date=3 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=dos Santos |
==U.S. intelligence reports==
''The Washington Post'' reported on 10 October 2018 that [[United States Intelligence Community|U.S. intelligence]] intercepted communications of Saudi officials discussing a plan ordered by the Crown Prince Bin Salman, to capture Khashoggi from his home in Virginia.<ref name="WaPo 10-10-2018">{{cite news |last=Harris |first=Shane |date=10 October 2018 |title=Crown prince sought to lure Khashoggi back to Saudi Arabia and detain him, U.S. intercepts show |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/crown-prince-sought-to-lure-khashoggi-back-to-saudi-arabia-and-detain-him-us-intercepts-show/2018/10/10/57bd7948-cc9a-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=10 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011020534/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/crown-prince-sought-to-lure-khashoggi-back-to-saudi-arabia-and-detain-him-us-intercepts-show/2018/10/10/57bd7948-cc9a-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html |archive-date=11 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="WaPo 2018">{{cite news |last1=Morris |first1=Loveday |last2=Mekhennet |first2=Souad |last3=Fahim |first3=Kareem |date=10 October 2018 |title=Saudis are said to have lain in wait for Jamal Khashoggi |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/saudis-lay-in-wait-for-jamal-khashoggi-and-left-turkey-quickly-sources-say/2018/10/09/0e283e2e-cbc5-11e8-ad0a-0e01efba3cc1_story.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=9 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010013836/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/saudis-lay-in-wait-for-jamal-khashoggi-and-left-turkey-quickly-sources-say/2018/10/09/0e283e2e-cbc5-11e8-ad0a-0e01efba3cc1_story.html |archive-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> The intercepted communications were regarded as significant because Khashoggi had bought a home in [[McLean, Virginia]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hubbard |first1=Ben |last2=Kirkpatrick |first2=David D. |author-link2=David D. Kirkpatrick |date=14 October 2018 |title=For Khashoggi, a Tangled Mix of Royal Service and Islamist Sympathies |website=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/14/world/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-saudi-arabia.html |url-status=live |access-date=23 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017155108/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/14/world/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-saudi-arabia.html |archive-date=17 October 2018}}</ref> where he lived after fleeing Saudi Arabia. Khashoggi had obtained an [[O visa]]{{snd}} also known as the "genius" visa, that offers individuals of "extraordinary ability and achievement" in the sciences, arts, education, and other fields and are recognized internationally{{snd}} he had applied for permanent residency status, and three of his children were US citizens.<ref>{{cite news |title=Friends of Saudi dissident say he failed to return after visit to Istanbul consulate |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/03/saudi-dissident-jamal-khashoggi-worry-after-his-absence-in.html |access-date=25 October 2018 |work=CNBC |agency=Reuters |date=2 October 2018 |quote=Khashoggi was in the United States on an O-visa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025150231/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/03/saudi-dissident-jamal-khashoggi-worry-after-his-absence-in.html |archive-date=25 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="qz25102018">{{cite news |last1=Timmons |
According to [[National Security Agency]] (NSA) officials, the [[White House]] was warned of this threat through official intelligence channels.<ref name="Obs">{{cite web |last=Schindler |first=John R. |date=10 October 2018 |title=NSA: White House Knew Jamal Khashoggi Was In Danger |url=https://observer.com/2018/10/nsa-source-white-house-knew-jamal-khashoggi-danger |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013053921/https://observer.com/2018/10/nsa-source-white-house-knew-jamal-khashoggi-danger/ |archive-date=13 October 2018 |access-date=20 October 2018 |website=Observer}}</ref> [[Director of National Intelligence]] [[Dan Coats]] declined to comment on why Khashoggi was not warned.<ref name="qz25102018" /> 55 members of Congress demanded in a letter clarity from DNI Dan Coats on what the intelligence community knew about the risk Khashoggi faced before his disappearance and whether American officials attempted to notify him that his life was in danger. In the letter, they sought insight into everything the NSA knows about phone calls and emails from Saudi officials on the Khashoggi case.<ref>{{cite web |last=Herrmann |first=Frank |date=21 October 2018 |title=Außenminister Saudi-Arabiens sieht Tötung Khashoggis als Fehler |url=https://derstandard.at/2000089809286/US-Praesident-Trump-in-Fall-Khashoggi-unter-Druck |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025193735/https://derstandard.at/2000089809286/US-Praesident-Trump-in-Fall-Khashoggi-unter-Druck |archive-date=25 October 2018 |access-date=25 October 2018 |website=Der Standard |language=de}}</ref>
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[[File:Ghanem al-Dosari.jpg|Saudi Arabian activist [[Ghanem al-Dosari]] at a protest outside the [[Natural History Museum, London]], 11 October 2018, after the disappearance of Jamal Kashoggi. The Saudi embassy was holding a Saudi National Day celebration at the museum.|thumb|right]]
[[File:Consulate General of Saudi Arabia in Istanbul.jpg|The Saudi consulate in Istanbul, 16 October 2018, after Khashoggi's disappearance.|thumb|right]]
Over the course of 2017, the House of Saud appealed to Khashoggi to return to Riyadh and resume his services as a media advisor to the royal court. But he declined in fear that it was a ruse and that upon returning he would be imprisoned or worse. Khashoggi met with crown prince Mohammed's brother [[Khalid bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Prince Khalid]] at the [[Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington, D.C.|Saudi embassy in Washington]], in "early 2018 or late 2017."<ref name="LedermanOct22">{{cite web |last1=Lederman |
Khashoggi's first visit to the Saudi consulate in Istanbul was on 28 September 2018{{snd}} where he showed up unannounced. Having divorced his wife, who had remained in Saudi Arabia, he went to the consulate to obtain a document certifying that he was no longer married so he could marry his Turkish fiancée. Before that visit he "sought assurances about his safety from friends in the US" and instructed his fiancée to contact Turkish authorities if he failed to emerge.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/08/jamal-khashoggi-turkey-search-black-van-carried-body-saudi-arabia|title=Jamal Khashoggi: Turkey hunts black van it believes carried body|first1=Martin|last1=Chulov|first2=Patrick|last2=Wintour|date=9 October 2018|website=The Guardian|access-date=27 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215220703/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/08/jamal-khashoggi-turkey-search-black-van-carried-body-saudi-arabia|archive-date=15 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He received a warm welcome from officials, and was told to return to the consulate on 2 October. "He was very pleased with their nice treatment and hospitality", she later said.<ref>{{cite web |last=Pannell |first=Ian |date=30 October 2018 |title=Though Khashoggi didn't suspect he may be in danger, he was still apprehensive |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/khashoggi-lured-back-saudi-consulate-warm-greeting-time/story?id=58857344 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102062814/https://abcnews.go.com/International/khashoggi-lured-back-saudi-consulate-warm-greeting-time/story?id=58857344 |archive-date=2 November 2018 |access-date=2 November 2018 |website=ABC News}}</ref> On 29 September Khashoggi traveled to London and spoke at a conference. On 1 October Khashoggi returned to Istanbul, and he told a friend that he was worried about being kidnapped and sent back to Saudi Arabia.<ref name="TNYT30102018" />
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On Sunday 7 October, the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs summoned Saudi Arabian Ambassador [[Waleed A. M. Elkhereiji]] to demand for the second time permission to search the consulate building.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2018/10/08/turkey-demands-permission-to-search-saudi-consulate-after-journalist-khashoggis-disappearance|title=Turkey demands permission to search Saudi consulate after journalist Khashoggi's disappearance|work=[[Daily Sabah]]|date=8 October 2018|quote=The Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Sunday summoned Saudi Arabian Ambassador [[Waleed A. M. Elkhereiji]] for the second time after journalist Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance and demanded permission to search the consulate building in Istanbul, October 8.|access-date=2 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119051646/https://www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2018/10/08/turkey-demands-permission-to-search-saudi-consulate-after-journalist-khashoggis-disappearance|archive-date=19 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Saudi officials continued to refuse that Turkish police could search the well in the Saudi consul's garden,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/todays-headlines/-saudis-did-not-let-turkey-search-well-at-consulate-/1291897 |title=Saudis did not let Turkey search well at consulate |work=[[Anadolu Agency]] |date=24 October 2018 |access-date=24 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024121708/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/todays-headlines/-saudis-did-not-let-turkey-search-well-at-consulate-/1291897 |archive-date=24 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gumrukcu |first1=Tuvan |last2=Toksabay |first2=Ece |date=24 October 2018 |title=Saudi officials refuse Turkish police search at well in Istanbul consulate – Anadolu |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/saudi-khashoggi-consulate/saudi-officials-refuse-turkish-police-search-at-well-in-istanbul-consulate-anadolu-idUSA4N1UT02E |url-status=live |access-date=24 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411135020/https://www.reuters.com/article/saudi-khashoggi-consulate/saudi-officials-refuse-turkish-police-search-at-well-in-istanbul-consulate-anadolu-idUSA4N1UT02E |archive-date=11 April 2022}}</ref> but granted permission on 24 October (22 days after the assassination).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/konsolosluk-bahcesindeki-kuyuda-arama-yapilacak,9UXbI7aPaEWUk1k-7i9QPg |title=Konsolosluk bahçesindeki kuyuda arama yapılacak |language=tr |work=[[NTV (Turkey)]] |date=24 October 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gumrukcu |first1=Tuvan |last2=Toksabay |first2=Ece |date=24 October 2018 |title=Turkish police receive permission to search well at Saudi consulate: NTV |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-consulate/turkish-police-receive-permission-to-search-well-at-saudi-consulate-ntv-idUSKCN1MY1HF |url-status=live |access-date=24 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024142119/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-consulate/turkish-police-receive-permission-to-search-well-at-saudi-consulate-ntv-idUSKCN1MY1HF |archive-date=24 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="WaPoPreMeditated">{{cite news |last1=Batrawy |first1=Aya |last2=Torchia |first2=Christopher |last3=Fraser |first3=Suzan |date=25 October 2018 |title=Saudi Arabia again changes its story on Khashoggi killing |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/turkish-probe-of-khashoggi-killing-turns-to-garden-well/2018/10/25/a3aabb88-d837-11e8-8384-bcc5492fef49_story.html |url-status=dead |access-date=26 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025115811/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/turkish-probe-of-khashoggi-killing-turns-to-garden-well/2018/10/25/a3aabb88-d837-11e8-8384-bcc5492fef49_story.html |archive-date=25 October 2018}}</ref> Turkish newspaper ''Hürriyet'' reported on 26 October that police had found no DNA traces of Khashoggi in water samples taken from the well.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/incelemeden-once-araclara-oto-kuafor-40998828 |title=İncelemeden önce araçlara oto kuaför |language=tr |work=Hürriyet |date=26 October 2018 |quote=Yapılan kriminal incelemede, suda herhangi bir DNA örneğine rastlanmadı |access-date=26 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026182249/http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/incelemeden-once-araclara-oto-kuafor-40998828 |archive-date=26 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="SBS_NoDNA">{{cite news |title=No Khashoggi DNA in Saudi consulate well |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/no-khashoggi-dna-in-saudi-consulate-well |access-date=26 October 2018 |publisher=SBS News |date=25 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026143440/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/no-khashoggi-dna-in-saudi-consulate-well |archive-date=26 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Calling for an international investigation, at the [[Headquarters of the United Nations]] in [[New York City]] on 25 October, [[Agnès Callamard]], UN Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions, explained the Saudi officials implicated in the death of Khashoggi "are high enough to represent the state".<ref name="NZZOct31">{{cite
===Saudi public prosecutor visits Turkey===
Saudi public prosecutor Saud al-Mojeb arrived in Istanbul on 28 October, days after he contradicted weeks of official Saudi statements by saying that Khashoggi's murder was premeditated. His trip came amid Turkish suggestions that the Saudis were not cooperating and had attempted to tamper with evidence.<ref name="AlJ31Oct">{{cite web | last=Koseoglu | first=Sinem | title=Turkey to present probe findings to Saudi, request new search | website=Al Jazeera | date=28 October 2018 | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/turkey-present-saudi-probe-findings-request-consulate-search-181028145716739.html | access-date=31 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031133038/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/turkey-present-saudi-probe-findings-request-consulate-search-181028145716739.html | archive-date=31 October 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> Mojeb held talks on 29 October with Istanbul's chief prosecutor Irfan Fidan at the [[Istanbul Çağlayan Justice Palace|Çağlayan courthouse]]. Saudi officials asked the Turkish prosecutor to hand over all of their evidence, including video footage. Turkish investigators offered a 150-page dossier that summarized their findings, but refused to hand over the complete investigative file.<ref name="Reuters_29Prosecutor" /><ref name="TheG_29Oct" /> Although Saudi foreign minister [[Adel al-Jubeir]] had stated on 27 October that the suspects would be tried on Saudi soil, Turkish officials presented an extradition request for the 18 suspects to be brought to Turkey for trial.<ref name="Reuters_29Prosecutor" /><ref name="TheG_29Oct" /> They also pressed for information about Khashoggi's body, its disposal, and the progress of the Saudi investigation. The tense meeting only lasted 75 minutes.<ref name="Reuters_29Prosecutor">{{cite news |last=Kucukgocmen |first=Ali |date=29 October 2018 |title=Turkey demands truth over Khashoggi killing as Saudi prosecutor visits |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-turkey-prosecutor/turkey-demands-truth-over-khashoggi-killing-as-saudi-prosecutor-visits-idUSKCN1N30K2 |url-status=live |access-date=29 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029141615/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-turkey-prosecutor/turkey-demands-truth-over-khashoggi-killing-as-saudi-prosecutor-visits-idUSKCN1N30K2 |archive-date=29 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="TheG_29Oct">{{cite web | last1=Wintour | first1=Patrick | last2=McKernan | first2=Bethan | title=Turkey refuses to share all Khashoggi evidence with Saudis | website=the Guardian | date=29 October 2018 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/29/saudi-prosecutor-saud-al-mojeb-arrives-in-turkey-to-assist-with-jamal-khashoggi-inquiry | access-date=27 January 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204163743/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/29/saudi-prosecutor-saud-al-mojeb-arrives-in-turkey-to-assist-with-jamal-khashoggi-inquiry | archive-date=4 February 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref>
Mojeb held a second round of talks with Fidan on 30 October, before inspecting the Saudi consulate in the [[Levent]] neighbourhood, where he left after spending a little over an hour.<ref>{{cite web |title=Saudi prosecutor joins probe at Saudi consulate in Istanbul for Khashoggi investigation |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/saudi-prosecutor-visits-istanbul-court-house-in-khashoggi-probe-138396 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030115127/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/saudi-prosecutor-visits-istanbul-court-house-in-khashoggi-probe-138396 |archive-date=30 October 2018 |access-date=31 October 2018 |website=Hürriyet Daily News|date=30 October 2018 }}</ref><ref name="WaPo31Oct">{{cite news |last1=Bilginsoy |first1=Zeynep |last2=Fraser |first2=Suzan |date=31 October 2018 |title=Khashoggi's fiancee calls on Trump to prevent 'cover-up' |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/khashoggis-fiancee-calls-on-trump-to-prevent-cover-up/2018/10/30/96cce4e0-dcb0-11e8-8bac-bfe01fcdc3a6_story.html |url-status=dead |access-date=31 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031050424/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/khashoggis-fiancee-calls-on-trump-to-prevent-cover-up/2018/10/30/96cce4e0-dcb0-11e8-8bac-bfe01fcdc3a6_story.html |archive-date=31 October 2018}}</ref> According to a source at the prosecutor's office, Fidan asked Mojeb to conduct another joint search at the consul-general's residence, because when Turkish investigators first entered the building in mid-October they were not allowed to search three locked rooms and were also not allowed to search a {{convert|20|m|adj=on}}-deep well. The Saudis did not let firefighters descend into the well, and the search ended with police only able to obtain some water samples.<ref name="AlJ31Oct" />
The following day, President Erdoğan repeated the demand for the suspects to be extradited to Turkey for trial.<ref name="WaPo31Oct" /> He accused the Saudi prosecutor of refusing to cooperate during his visit. A source reported that Mojeb provided no information to Turkish investigators, but wanted to take Khashoggi's mobile phones, which had been left outside the consulate with Khashoggi's fiancée.<ref name="Reuters_Tapes_given"/>
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On 4 March 2019, Al Jazeera Arabic released a documentary on the investigation of Khashoggi's murder and the subsequent coverup. In its coverage, the network states that the body was likely disposed of by being [[cremated]] in a recently constructed extra large oven at the Saudi consulate general's residence, which Al Jazeera suggested was likely purpose built for the disposal of Khashoggi's remains. An interview with the oven's builder revealed that it was designed to be "deep", and capable of withstanding temperatures over {{convert|1000|C|F}}. The burning reportedly took three days and happened in parts. Afterwards, a large quantity of [[barbecue]] meat was prepared to cover the evidence of cremation.<ref name="burned-oven">{{cite news |title=Jamal Khashoggi's body likely burned in large oven at Saudi home |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/03/jamal-khashoggi-body-burned-large-oven-saudi-home-190304011823218.html |website=Al Jazeera News |date=4 March 2019 |access-date=5 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305125107/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/03/jamal-khashoggi-body-burned-large-oven-saudi-home-190304011823218.html |archive-date=5 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Jamal Khashoggi: The Silencing of a Journalist |date=27 March 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snu-0lGABUI |access-date=31 October 2023 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]] |language=en}}</ref>
In an op-ed in ''The Washington Post'', Erdoğan described the murder as "inexplicable" and as a "clear violation and a blatant abuse of the [[Vienna Convention on Consular Relations]]", arguing that not punishing the perpetrators "could set a very dangerous precedent." He criticised Saudi inaction against the consul general Mohammad al-Otaibi, who had misled the media and had fled the country shortly afterwards. He warned that no-one should dare commit "such acts on the soil of a [[NATO]] ally again" and wrote: "As responsible members of the international community, we must reveal the identities of the puppet masters behind Khashoggi's killing and discover those in whom Saudi officials{{snd}} still trying to cover up the murder{{snd}} have placed their trust... We know that the order to kill Khashoggi came from the highest levels of the Saudi government." He urged the international community to uncover the whole truth.<ref name="Erdogan">{{cite news |last1=Erdogan |
On 5 November, ''Daily Sabah'' quoted a Turkish official who said that an 11-member team, including chemist Ahmad Abdulaziz Aljanobi and toxicology expert Khaled Yahya al-Zahrani, had been sent by Saudi Arabia to Istanbul on 11 October to destroy the evidence.<ref name="MEE_Compensation">{{cite news |date=6 November 2018 |title=Saudi Arabia to pay compensation to Khashoggi family, fiancee: Turkish official |website=Middle East Eye |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-pay-compensation-khashoggi-family-and-fiancee-says-turkish-official-2016567611 |url-status=live |access-date=10 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111043945/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-pay-compensation-khashoggi-family-and-fiancee-says-turkish-official-2016567611 |archive-date=11 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="MEE_Saudi_CoverTeam"/> The official suggested that this cover-up attempt indicated that Saudi officials were aware of the crime.<ref name="Reuters_Tapes_given"/> The Saudi team had visited the consulate every day between 11 and 17 October; Turkish officials were not permitted to search the consulate until 15 October.<ref name="MEE_Saudi_CoverTeam">{{cite news |title=audi team sent to Istanbul to 'cover up' Khashoggi murder: Turkish official |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/two-saudis-sent-istanbul-cover-khashoggi-murder-turkish-official-1558214130 |access-date=10 November 2018 |website=Middle East Eye |date=5 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111044012/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/two-saudis-sent-istanbul-cover-khashoggi-murder-turkish-official-1558214130 |archive-date=11 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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During a televised speech on 10 November, Erdoğan acknowledged the existence of multiple audio recordings relating to the killing, stating that Turkey had provided them to Saudi Arabia, the United States, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom.<ref name="Reuters_Tapes_given" /> These recordings document Khashoggi's torture and death, as well as conversations from before the incident, which led Turkey to conclude early on that the killing was premeditated. Saudi royal advisor Saud al-Qahtani was reported as having a major role throughout the recordings.<ref name="Reuters_Tapes_given">{{cite news |last=Erkoyun |first=Ezgi |date=10 November 2018 |title=Turkey gave Khashoggi tapes to European nations, Erdogan says |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-turkey/turkey-gave-khashoggi-tapes-to-european-nations-erdogan-says-idUSKCN1NF0EQ |url-status=live |access-date=10 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110171320/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-turkey/turkey-gave-khashoggi-tapes-to-european-nations-erdogan-says-idUSKCN1NF0EQ |archive-date=10 November 2018}}</ref>
Canadian Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] confirmed that Turkey had shared audio of the killing with world governments, including Canada.<ref name="LeMon12Nov">{{cite news |last1=Zerrouky |
While attending [[World War I centennial]] commemorations in France, Erdoğan and President Trump discussed how to respond to the killing, and later met with Secretary-General [[António Guterres]] of the [[United Nations]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Çelik |first=Ersin |date=11 November 2018 |title=Erdoğan, Trump meet over dinner in French capital |publisher=Yeni Safak |url=https://www.yenisafak.com/en/world/erdogan-trump-meet-over-dinner-in-french-capital-3465965 |url-status=live |access-date=12 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112101403/https://www.yenisafak.com/en/world/erdogan-trump-meet-over-dinner-in-french-capital-3465965 |archive-date=12 November 2018}}</ref> President Trump and French President [[Emmanuel Macron]] agreed that more details were needed from KSA on Khashoggi's murder. Accordingly, they also agreed that the case should not cause further destabilization in the Middle East; and the fallout from the Khashoggi affair could create a way forward to find a resolution to the ongoing War in Yemen.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 November 2018 |title=Will Saudi Arabia ever reveal who ordered the killing of Jamal Khashoggi? |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXbJ2RRw2Yk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112183448/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXbJ2RRw2Yk |archive-date=12 November 2018 |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Al Jazeera English}}</ref>
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In September 2019, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman appeared in an interview with the CBS "''[[60 Minutes]]''" program that was aired on 29 September 2019, denying that he had ordered the killing of Jamal Khashoggi or that he had prior knowledge about it but said that he bears all responsibility for the killing of Jamal Khashoggi because the incident took place under his watch. He also said that "once charges are proven against someone, regardless of their rank, it will be taken to court, no exception made."<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Donnell |first=Norah |date=29 November 2019 |title=Mohammad bin Salman denies ordering Khashoggi murder, but says he takes responsibility for it |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mohammad-bin-salman-denies-ordering-khashoggi-murder-but-says-he-takes-responsibility-for-it-60-minutes-2019-09-29/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002062740/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mohammad-bin-salman-denies-ordering-khashoggi-murder-but-says-he-takes-responsibility-for-it-60-minutes-2019-09-29/ |archive-date=2 October 2019 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=CBS News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/29/middleeast/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-interview/index.html|title=Mohammed bin Salman denies personal involvement in Khashoggi killing in '60 Minutes' interview but says it was carried out by Saudi officials|last=Maxouris|first=Christina|website=CNN|date=30 September 2019|access-date=30 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001182811/https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/29/middleeast/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-interview/index.html|archive-date=1 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 25 March 2020, 20 Saudi nationals were reportedly indicted by Turkish prosecutors over the killing of Khashoggi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McKernan |first=Bethan |date=25 March 2020 |title=Turkey charges 20 Saudis over Jamal Khashoggi murder |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/25/turkey-charges-20-saudis-over-jamal-khashoggi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907181548/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/25/turkey-charges-20-saudis-over-jamal-khashoggi |archive-date=7 September 2020 |access-date=8 September 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> According to the prosecutor's office in Istanbul, a royal court adviser Saud al-Qahtani, and Saudi's former deputy intelligence chief Ahmed al-Assiri were charged with inciting the murder; both had been investigated by Saudis in 2019 but acquitted or not charged.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/turkey-charges-20-saudis-over-khashoggi-murder/|title=Turkey charges 20 Saudis over Khashoggi murder|date=25 March 2020|newspaper=Times of Israel|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326162638/https://www.timesofisrael.com/turkey-charges-20-saudis-over-khashoggi-murder/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkey Charges 20 in Khashoggi Killing | Voice of America |url=https://www.voanews.com/press-freedom/turkey-charges-20-khashoggi-killing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325192743/https://www.voanews.com/press-freedom/turkey-charges-20-khashoggi-killing |archive-date=25 March 2020 |access-date=25 March 2020 |website=Voice of America|date=25 March 2020 }}</ref> The suspects are believed to have fled Turkey, while Saudi Arabia has denied the Turkish claims for all the accused to be taken back to Turkey in order to answer for their crimes.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Fraser |first=Suzan |date=25 March 2020 |title=Turkish prosecutors file indictment over Khashoggi killing |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/turkish-prosecutors-file-indictment-khashoggi-killing-69785875 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325193946/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/turkish-prosecutors-file-indictment-khashoggi-killing-69785875 |archive-date=25 March 2020 |access-date=25 March 2020 |website=ABC News}}</ref> According to Aljazeera, the charges were filed based on analysis of Khashoggi's accessories, witness testimonies, analysis of the suspects' phone records, including information on their whereabouts within and outside Turkey, as well as the consulate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Istanbul prosecutor indicts Saudi suspects for Khashoggi killing |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/istanbul-prosecutor-indicts-saudi-suspects-khashoggi-killing-200325083658411.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325203337/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/istanbul-prosecutor-indicts-saudi-suspects-khashoggi-killing-200325083658411.html |archive-date=25 March 2020 |access-date=25 March 2020 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Arrest warrants have been given out by the Turkish prosecutor for the accused.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/europe/article/2001365657/turkey-charges-20-saudis-over-khashoggi-murder|title=Turkey charges 20 Saudis over Khashoggi murder|website=The Standard|access-date=8 September 2020|archive-date=19 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919131324/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/europe/article/2001365657/turkey-charges-20-saudis-over-khashoggi-murder|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 July 2020, a Turkish court announced to open the [[trial in absentia]] of the 20 indicted Saudi nationals.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kucukgocmen |first1=Ali |last2=Dikmen |first2=Yesim |date=2 July 2020 |title=UPDATE 1-Khashoggi's fiancee hopes Turkish trial will reveal fresh evidence |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFL8N2E85UX |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704120500/https://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFL8N2E85UX |archive-date=4 July 2020 |access-date=1 July 2020 |website=Reuters}}</ref> On 6 July 2020, the [[United Kingdom]] imposed sanctions on the 20 Saudi Arabian nationals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-53303100|title=UK imposes sanctions against human rights abusers|work=BBC News|date=6 July 2020|access-date=6 July 2020|archive-date=6 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706112400/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-53303100|url-status=live}}</ref> On 7 April 2022, a Turkish court ordered the transfer of the trial to Saudi Arabia, despite the fact that many of the suspects had already been acquitted in Saudi Arabia. The decision was criticized by human rights advocates and lawyers involved in the case.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Timur |first1=Safak |last2=Hubbard |first2=Ben |date=7 April 2022 |title=Turkey Transfers Khashoggi Murder Trial to Saudi Arabia |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/07/world/middleeast/khashoggi-murder-trial-turkey-saudi-arabia.html |access-date=8 April 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407231544/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/07/world/middleeast/khashoggi-murder-trial-turkey-saudi-arabia.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Dismissal of US Lawsuit ===
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Four of these men had received paramilitary training in the United States in 2017 under a U.S. State Department contract, as was publicly revealed in 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Mazzetti|first1=Mark|last2=Barnes|first2=Julian E.|last3=LaForgia|first3=Michael|date=22 June 2021|title=Saudi Operatives Who Killed Khashoggi Received Paramilitary Training in U.S.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/22/us/politics/khashoggi-saudi-kill-team-us-training.html|access-date=25 June 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625034852/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/22/us/politics/khashoggi-saudi-kill-team-us-training.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
A top Pentagon post nominee of US President Donald Trump, Louis Bremer, was grilled on Capitol Hill by Senator [[Tim Kaine]] on 6 August 2020, over his firm Tier 1 Group's alleged involvement in the murder of Jamal Khashoggi. Reportedly, the employees of the private military contracting firm, where Bremer is a member of the board of directors, trained some of the Saudi killers charged in the assassination of Khashoggi. In 2019, [[David Ignatius]] – a ''Washington Post'' journalist – reported in one of his articles about a similar warning given by the [[CIA]] to other government agencies in the US, about Tier 1 Group employees' involvement in the Khashoggi murder case. Bremer denies having any knowledge of the allegations or allegiance of his firm's employees in the Khashoggi assassination.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ryan |first=Missy |date=7 August 2020 |title=Senators question Pentagon nominee about whether firm trained Saudi journalist's killers |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/senators-question-pentagon-nominee-about-whether-firm-trained-saudi-journalists-killers/2020/08/06/256aa232-d81d-11ea-b9b2-1ea733b97910_story.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929154246/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/senators-question-pentagon-nominee-about-whether-firm-trained-saudi-journalists-killers/2020/08/06/256aa232-d81d-11ea-b9b2-1ea733b97910_story.html |archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timkaine.app.box.com/s/xsaubak7vkdk0sqf67mi75q56xp8fqcv|title=KAINE_ARMSVC_080520.mp4|access-date=5 August 2020|website=Box|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205191020/https://timkaine.app.box.com/s/xsaubak7vkdk0sqf67mi75q56xp8fqcv|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kaine.senate.gov/press-releases/video-in-sasc-hearing-kaine-presses-dod-nominee-on-ties-to-group-potentially-linked-to-khashoggi-murder|title=Video: In SASC Hearing, Kaine Presses DoD Nominee On Ties To Group Potentially Linked To Khashoggi Murder|access-date=6 August 2020|website=US Senator Tim Kaine of US|date=6 August 2020 |archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920190507/https://www.kaine.senate.gov/press-releases/video-in-sasc-hearing-kaine-presses-dod-nominee-on-ties-to-group-potentially-linked-to-khashoggi-murder|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Saudi trial and convictions ==
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In August 2020, a lawsuit filed by exiled former minister of state, [[Saad bin Khalid Al Jabry|Saad Aljabri]], alleged that members of the Tiger Squad were sent to Canada to assassinate him two weeks after Khashoggi was killed, but that they were denied entry by Canadian border security.<ref name="Star 2020">{{cite news |last=Quan |first=Douglas |date=6 August 2020 |title=Saudi hit squad was sent to Toronto to try to kill former intel official, lawsuit alleges |language=en |work=The Star |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2020/08/06/saudi-hit-squad-was-sent-to-canada-to-try-to-kill-former-intel-official-lawsuit-alleges.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807105031/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2020/08/06/saudi-hit-squad-was-sent-to-canada-to-try-to-kill-former-intel-official-lawsuit-alleges.html |archive-date=7 August 2020}}</ref><ref name="Guardian Aug 20">{{cite news |title=Saudi ex-spy suing crown prince faces fresh death threat in Canada – report |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/09/saudi-ex-spy-suing-crown-prince-faces-fresh-death-threat-in-canada-report |work=the Guardian |date=9 August 2020 |language=en |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=9 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809020632/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/09/saudi-ex-spy-suing-crown-prince-faces-fresh-death-threat-in-canada-report |url-status=live }}</ref> Additionally, Aljabri's son, Khalid, has claimed that his brother-in-law was [[Extraordinary rendition|rendered]] from Dubai to Saudi Arabia in September 2017, where he was coerced into trying to persuade his wife to attend the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul. Khalid suspects she would have been abducted had she gone there.<ref name="G&M">{{cite news |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |date=7 August 2020 |title=Former Saudi intelligence chief faces new death threat |work=Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-former-saudi-intelligence-chief-faces-new-death-threat/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808225803/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-former-saudi-intelligence-chief-faces-new-death-threat// |archive-date=8 August 2020}}</ref>
In July 2022, the United Arab
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