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{{Short description|2018 murder in Istanbul, Turkey}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi
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| target =
| coordinates = {{coord|41.0860|N|29.0121|E|display=inline,title}}
| date = {{start date and age |df=yes|2018|10|02}}
| time = Some time after 1 p.m. ([[Time in Turkey|TRT]]), when Khashoggi entered the Saudi consulate<ref name="cia"/><ref name="NDTV_Fiancee">{{cite news |title="Where Is Jamal?": Fiancee Of Missing Saudi Journalist Demands To Know and get MBS who said in a statement "THUG LIFE" as reporter Jonathan Mejia asks. |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/where-is-jamal-fiancee-of-missing-saudi-journalist-demands-to-know-1928951 |access-date=13 October 2018 |agency=The Washington Post |publisher=NDTV |date=9 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014091308/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/where-is-jamal-fiancee-of-missing-saudi-journalist-demands-to-know-1928951 |archive-date=14 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| timezone =
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}}
On 2 October 2018, [[Jamal Khashoggi]], a Saudi [[dissident]] journalist, was killed by agents of the [[Saudi government]] at the Saudi [[Consul (representative)|consulate]] in [[Istanbul]], Turkey.<ref name="nytasassination">{{cite news |last1=Barnes |first1=Julian E. |last2=Schmitt |first2=Eric |last3=Kirkpatrick |first3=David D. |date=12 November 2018 |title='Tell Your Boss': Recording Is Seen to Link Saudi Crown Prince More Strongly to Khashoggi Killing |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/12/world/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html |url-status=live |access-date=13 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112233122/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/12/world/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html |archive-date=12 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="bbcsaudi">{{cite news |title=Jamal Khashoggi: An unauthorized Turkey source says journalist was murdered in Saudi consulate |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45775819 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=7 October 2018 |access-date=12 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009004244/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45775819 |archive-date=9 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Khashoggi was ambushed and strangled by a 15-member squad of Saudi operatives.<ref name="Sakelaris" /><ref name="KirkpatrickCumming-Bruce">{{Cite news |last1=Kirkpatrick |first1=David D. |last2=Cumming-Bruce |first2=Nick |date=19 June 2019 |title=Saudis Called Khashoggi 'Sacrificial Animal' as They Waited to Kill Him |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/19/world/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-Mohammed-bin-Salman.html |access-date=27 September 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=24 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924042848/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/19/world/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-Mohammed-bin-Salman.html |url-status=live }}</ref> His body was dismembered and disposed of in some way that was never publicly revealed.<ref>{{cite web |last=Uras |first=Umut |date=31 October 2018 |title=Turkey: Khashoggi strangled immediately after entering consulate |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/khashoggi-choked-death-dismembered-turkey-prosecutor-181031145816813.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031231027/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/khashoggi-choked-death-dismembered-turkey-prosecutor-181031145816813.html |archive-date=31 October 2018 |access-date=31 October 2018 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> The consulate had been [[Covert listening device|secretly bugged]] by the Turkish government and Khashoggi's final moments were captured in audio recordings, transcripts of which were subsequently made public.<ref>{{cite
''[[The New York Times]]'' reported in June 2019 that Saudi government engaged in an extensive effort to cover up the killing, including destroying evidence.<ref name="KirkpatrickCumming-Bruce" /> By 16 October, separate investigations by Turkish officials and ''[[The New York Times]]'' had concluded that the murder was premeditated and that some members of the Saudi hit team were closely connected to [[Mohammed bin Salman]], the [[Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia|crown prince of Saudi Arabia]].<ref name="Hubbard">{{Cite news |last=Hubbard |first=Ben |date=3 January 2019 |title=Saudi Arabia Seeks Death Penalty for 5 Suspects in Khashoggi Killing |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/03/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-khashoggi-death-penalty.html |access-date=27 September 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929030552/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/03/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-khashoggi-death-penalty.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
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After repeatedly shifting its account of what happened to Khashoggi in the days following the killing, the Saudi government admitted on 25 October that he had been killed in a [[premeditated murder]],<ref name="admission">{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Saphora |date=25 October 2018 |title=Saudis change Khashoggi story again, admit killing was 'premeditated' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/saudi-arabia-now-admits-khashoggi-killing-was-premeditated-n924286 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025155511/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/saudi-arabia-now-admits-khashoggi-killing-was-premeditated-n924286 |archive-date=25 October 2018 |access-date=25 October 2018 |website=NBC News}}</ref><ref name="BBC_murder_fox">{{Cite news |date=22 October 2018 |title=Saudis now admit journalist was murdered |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45935823 |url-status=live |access-date=22 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021230750/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45935823 |archive-date=21 October 2018}}</ref> but denied that the killing took place on the orders of bin Salman.<ref name="admission" /><ref name="fivedeathsentence" /><ref name="fiveexecute" /> Bin Salman said he accepted responsibility for the killing "because it happened under my watch" but asserted that he did not order it.<ref name="Sakelaris" />
By November 2018, the US [[Central Intelligence Agency]] had concluded that bin Salman had ordered the murder.<ref name="cia">{{cite news |last1=Harris |first1=Shane |last2=Miller |first2=Greg |last3=Dawsey |first3=Josh |date=16 November 2018 |title=CIA concludes Saudi crown prince ordered Jamal Khashoggi's assassination |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/cia-concludes-saudi-crown-prince-ordered-jamal-khashoggis-assassination/2018/11/16/98c89fe6-e9b2-11e8-a939-9469f1166f9d_story.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=17 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203145827/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/cia-concludes-saudi-crown-prince-ordered-jamal-khashoggis-assassination/2018/11/16/98c89fe6-e9b2-11e8-a939-9469f1166f9d_story.html |archive-date=3 December 2018}}</ref> In the same month, the United States levelled sanctions against 17 Saudis over the murder, but did not sanction bin Salman himself.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hjelmgaard |first=Kim |date=15 November 2018 |title=US sanctions 17 Saudi nationals over Jamal Khashoggi's killing |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/11/15/jamal-khashoggi-saudi-arabia-seek-death-penalty-writers-murder/2009827002/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229022420/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/11/15/jamal-khashoggi-saudi-arabia-seek-death-penalty-writers-murder/2009827002/ |archive-date=29 December 2019 |access-date=
The murder prompted intense global scrutiny and criticism of the Saudi government.<ref name="RashadHosenball">{{Cite news |last1=Rashad |first1=Marwa |last2=Hosenball |first2=Mark |date=23 December 2019 |title=Saudi Arabia sentences five to death over Khashoggi murder, U.N. official decries 'mockery' |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-idUSKBN1YR0SY |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927095130/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-idUSKBN1YR0SY |archive-date=27 September 2022}}</ref> A report by the [[United Nations special rapporteur]] on [[extrajudicial executions]] in June 2019 concluded that Khashoggi's murder was premeditated and called for a criminal investigation by the UN and, because Khashoggi was a resident of the United States, the US [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]].<ref name="KirkpatrickCumming-Bruce" /><ref name="RashadHosenball" /> Saudi prosecutors rejected the findings of the UN investigation and again asserted that the killing was not premeditated.<ref name="RashadHosenball" />
In January 2019, trials began in Saudi Arabia against 11 Saudis accused of involvement in Khashoggi's murder.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdulaziz |first=Donna |title=Saudi Arabia Begins Trial in Khashoggi Murder |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-arabia-begins-trial-in-khashoggi-murder-11546533394 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229022418/https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-arabia-begins-trial-in-khashoggi-murder-11546533394 |archive-date=29 December 2019 |access-date=
==Jamal Khashoggi==
{{main|Jamal Khashoggi}}
[[File:P06409PS-0571 (3594694537).jpg|thumb|left|After his speech ''[[A New Beginning (speech)|A New Beginning]]'' at [[Cairo University]], US President [[Barack Obama]] participates in a roundtable interview with Jamal Khashoggi, [[Bambang Harymurti]], [[Nahum Barnea]], and others (4 June 2009)
Khashoggi was a Saudi journalist,<ref name="bbcsaudi"/> author, and a former general manager and editor-in-chief of [[Al-Arab News Channel]].<ref name="speakers">{{cite web|title=Speakers|url=http://www.prwcdubai.com/english/speaker_article.php?idsp=11|publisher=International Public Relations Association – Gulf Chapter (IPRA-GC)|access-date=10 May 2012|year=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511210004/http://www.prwcdubai.com/english/speaker_article.php?idsp=11|archive-date=11 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> He also served as editor for the Saudi newspaper ''[[Al-Watan (Saudi Arabia)|Al Watan]]'', turning it into a platform for Saudi progressives.<ref name="afb">{{cite news |last= Hendley |first= Paul |title= Saudi newspaper head resigns after run-in with conservatives |url= https://en.hdhod.com/Saudi-newspaper-head-resigns-after-run-in-with-conservatives_a3996.html |access-date= 11 October 2018 |newspaper= Al Hdhod |date= 17 May 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181116112423/https://en.hdhod.com/Saudi-newspaper-head-resigns-after-run-in-with-conservatives_a3996.html |archive-date= 16 November 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref>
Khashoggi fled
After Khashoggi started writing for ''The Washington Post'', he was harassed via Twitter from pro-regime trolls and bot accounts.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last=Shaban |first=Mohammed |date=23 October 2018 |title=Khashoggi was victim of Saudi internet trolls, friend tells Euronews |url=https://www.euronews.com/2018/10/23/jamal-khashoggi-a-victim-of-saudi-internet-trolls |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103210221/https://www.euronews.com/2018/10/23/jamal-khashoggi-a-victim-of-saudi-internet-trolls |archive-date=3 November 2018 |access-date=2 November 2018 |website=Euronews}}</ref> It is believed that his harassment was instigated by Saudi royal adviser [[Saud al-Qahtani]], who had been tasked by Prince bin Salman with implementing a zero-tolerance crackdown on dissent on social media. Qahtani was later implicated in Khashoggi's murder.<ref name="reut22Oct">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-adviser-insight/how-the-man-behind-khashoggi-murder-ran-the-killing-via-skype-idUSKCN1MW2HA |title=How the man behind Khashoggi murder ran the killing via Skype |work=Reuters |date=22 October 2018 |access-date=22 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115040933/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-adviser-insight/how-the-man-behind-khashoggi-murder-ran-the-killing-via-skype-idUSKCN1MW2HA |archive-date=15 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nyt20Oct">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/20/us/politics/saudi-image-campaign-twitter.html |title=Saudis' Image Makers: A Troll Army and a Twitter Insider |work=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Katie |last1=Benner |first2=Mark |last2=Mazzetti |first3=Ben |last3=Hubbard |first4=Mike |last4=Isaac |date=20 October 2018 |access-date=7 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115201738/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/20/us/politics/saudi-image-campaign-twitter.html |archive-date=15 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Just before he was murdered, Khashoggi launched several projects to consolidate opposition to the Saudi regime, counter regime propaganda, and press for reform. One major collaborator was Saudi dissident blogger [[Omar Abdulaziz (vlogger)|Omar Abdulaziz]], one of the most visible public critics of the Saudi regime abroad.<ref name="FoPo19Oct">{{cite web |last1=Groll |
===Pegasus spyware phone hack===
{{see also|Jeff Bezos phone hacking incident}}
In summer 2018, Abdulaziz's cell phone was infected with a surveillance tool. This was first revealed on 1 October 2018 in a detailed forensic report by [[Citizen Lab]],<ref name="CiLab1Oct">{{cite web |last1=Marczak |
Through their sophisticated spyware attack on Abdulaziz's phone, the Saudi regime would have had a direct line into Khashoggi's private thoughts, and access to hours of conversations between the two men. Abdulaziz recalled: "Jamal was very polite in public, but in private, he spoke more freely{{snd}} he was very very critical of the crown prince."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Asher-Schapiro |
On 21 September, eleven days before Khashoggi was murdered in the Saudi consulate, he made a declaration of support for [[The Bees Army]]. Using the Bee Army's first [[hashtag]] "what do you know about bees" he tweeted, "They love their home country and defend it with truth and rights".<ref name="Ind20Oct">{{cite news |last1=Trew |
On 9 October, one week after his disappearance, ''The Washington Post'' published an article in which Hatice Cengiz, Khashoggi's fiancée, claimed that he had applied for U.S. citizenship.<ref name="WaPoCengiz9-10-2018">{{cite news |last1=Cengiz |
On 19 October, the [[Wilson Center]] issued a statement saying that they had offered him a fellowship at the [[Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars]] (or Wilson Center), located in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement on Jamal Khashoggi |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/statement-jamal-khashoggi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223223759/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/statement-jamal-khashoggi |archive-date=23 December 2019 |access-date=23 December 2019 |website=Wilson Center}}</ref><ref name="Yah15102018">{{cite news |last1=Alexander |first1=Nazaryan |title=Think tanks reconsider Saudi support amid Khashoggi controversy |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/think-tanks-reconsider-saudi-support-amid-khashoggi-controversy-193104698.html |publisher=Yahoo News |date=15 October 2018 |access-date=28 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028073900/https://www.yahoo.com/news/think-tanks-reconsider-saudi-support-amid-khashoggi-controversy-193104698.html |archive-date=28 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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After Khashoggi's murder, the Saudi cyber-operations were the focus of global scrutiny. The [[Government of Canada]] started an investigation in to those malicious cyberattacks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2018/11/21/exclusive-saudi-dissidents-hit-with-stealth-iphone-spyware-before-khashoggis-murder/|title=Exclusive: Saudi Dissidents Hit With Stealth iPhone Spyware Before Khashoggi's Murder|first=Thomas|last=Brewster|website=Forbes|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128002753/https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2018/11/21/exclusive-saudi-dissidents-hit-with-stealth-iphone-spyware-before-khashoggis-murder/|archive-date=28 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
In December 2018 Omar Abdulaziz granted [[CNN]] access to his text messages with Khashoggi, where the two discussed their sharp criticism and political opposition to Mohammed bin Salman.<ref>{{cite web |title=Khashoggi messages reveal sharp criticism of MBS |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A03r8oGCe3M |website=Youtube |publisher=CNN |date=2 December 2018 |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203120739/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A03r8oGCe3M |archive-date=3 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=dos Santos |
==U.S. intelligence reports==
''The Washington Post'' reported on 10 October 2018 that [[United States Intelligence Community|U.S. intelligence]] intercepted communications of Saudi officials discussing a plan ordered by the Crown Prince Bin Salman, to capture Khashoggi from his home in Virginia.<ref name="WaPo 10-10-2018">{{cite news |last=Harris |first=Shane |date=10 October 2018 |title=Crown prince sought to lure Khashoggi back to Saudi Arabia and detain him, U.S. intercepts show |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/crown-prince-sought-to-lure-khashoggi-back-to-saudi-arabia-and-detain-him-us-intercepts-show/2018/10/10/57bd7948-cc9a-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=10 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011020534/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/crown-prince-sought-to-lure-khashoggi-back-to-saudi-arabia-and-detain-him-us-intercepts-show/2018/10/10/57bd7948-cc9a-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html |archive-date=11 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="WaPo 2018">{{cite news |last1=Morris |first1=Loveday |last2=Mekhennet |first2=Souad |last3=Fahim |first3=Kareem |date=10 October 2018 |title=Saudis are said to have lain in wait for Jamal Khashoggi |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/saudis-lay-in-wait-for-jamal-khashoggi-and-left-turkey-quickly-sources-say/2018/10/09/0e283e2e-cbc5-11e8-ad0a-0e01efba3cc1_story.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=9 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010013836/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/saudis-lay-in-wait-for-jamal-khashoggi-and-left-turkey-quickly-sources-say/2018/10/09/0e283e2e-cbc5-11e8-ad0a-0e01efba3cc1_story.html |archive-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> The intercepted communications were regarded as significant because Khashoggi had bought a home in [[McLean, Virginia]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hubbard |first1=Ben |last2=Kirkpatrick |first2=David D. |author-link2=David D. Kirkpatrick |date=14 October 2018 |title=For Khashoggi, a Tangled Mix of Royal Service and Islamist Sympathies |website=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/14/world/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-saudi-arabia.html |url-status=live |access-date=23 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017155108/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/14/world/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-saudi-arabia.html |archive-date=17 October 2018}}</ref> where he lived after fleeing Saudi Arabia. Khashoggi had obtained an [[O visa]]{{snd}} also known as the "genius" visa, that offers individuals of "extraordinary ability and achievement" in the sciences, arts, education, and other fields and are recognized internationally{{snd}} he had applied for permanent residency status, and three of his children were US citizens.<ref>{{cite news |title=Friends of Saudi dissident say he failed to return after visit to Istanbul consulate |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/03/saudi-dissident-jamal-khashoggi-worry-after-his-absence-in.html |access-date=25 October 2018 |work=CNBC |agency=Reuters |date=2 October 2018 |quote=Khashoggi was in the United States on an O-visa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025150231/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/03/saudi-dissident-jamal-khashoggi-worry-after-his-absence-in.html |archive-date=25 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="qz25102018">{{cite news |last1=Timmons |
According to [[National Security Agency]] (NSA) officials, the [[White House]] was warned of this threat through official intelligence channels.<ref name="Obs">{{cite web |last=Schindler |first=John R. |date=10 October 2018 |title=NSA: White House Knew Jamal Khashoggi Was In Danger |url=https://observer.com/2018/10/nsa-source-white-house-knew-jamal-khashoggi-danger |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013053921/https://observer.com/2018/10/nsa-source-white-house-knew-jamal-khashoggi-danger/ |archive-date=13 October 2018 |access-date=20 October 2018 |website=Observer}}</ref> [[Director of National Intelligence]] [[Dan Coats]] declined to comment on why Khashoggi was not warned.<ref name="qz25102018" /> 55 members of Congress demanded in a letter clarity from DNI Dan Coats on what the intelligence community knew about the risk Khashoggi faced before his disappearance and whether American officials attempted to notify him that his life was in danger. In the letter, they sought insight into everything the NSA knows about phone calls and emails from Saudi officials on the Khashoggi case.<ref>{{cite web |last=Herrmann |first=Frank |date=21 October 2018 |title=Außenminister Saudi-Arabiens sieht Tötung Khashoggis als Fehler |url=https://derstandard.at/2000089809286/US-Praesident-Trump-in-Fall-Khashoggi-unter-Druck |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025193735/https://derstandard.at/2000089809286/US-Praesident-Trump-in-Fall-Khashoggi-unter-Druck |archive-date=25 October 2018 |access-date=25 October 2018 |website=Der Standard |language=de}}</ref>
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The Knight First Amendment Institute at [[Columbia University]] filed a lawsuit against five US intelligence services "seeking immediate release of records concerning U.S. intelligence agencies' compliance or non-compliance with their 'duty to warn' reporter Jamal Khashoggi of threats to his life or liberty". The [[Committee to Protect Journalists]] joined the legal effort.<ref>{{cite web |title=US intelligence being sued for failing to warn Khashoggi of threat |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20181121-us-intelligence-being-sued-for-failing-to-warn-khashoggi-of-threat/ |publisher=The Middle East Monitor |date=21 November 2018 |access-date=22 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123004610/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20181121-us-intelligence-being-sued-for-failing-to-warn-khashoggi-of-threat/ |archive-date=23 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Knight Institute Sues to Learn Whether U.S. Intelligence Agencies Complied With "Duty to Warn" Reporter Jamal Khashoggi of Threats to His Life |url=https://knightcolumbia.org/news/knight-institute-sues-learn-whether-us-intelligence-agencies-complied-duty-warn-reporter-jamal |publisher=Knight First Amendment Institute |date=20 November 2018 |access-date=22 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716083047/https://knightcolumbia.org/news/knight-institute-sues-learn-whether-us-intelligence-agencies-complied-duty-warn-reporter-jamal |archive-date=16 July 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{
On 16 November, [[Central Intelligence Agency]] employees who internally analyzed multiple sources of intelligence concluded that Mohammed bin Salman ordered Khashoggi's assassination.<ref name="cia" /> On 20 November, US President [[Donald Trump]] disputed the CIA assessment and stated that the investigation into Khashoggi's death had to continue.<ref name="nov20" /> The [[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020|2020 National Defense Authorization Act]] required the U.S. intelligence community to share the report on who was responsible for Khashoggi's murder, but the Trump administration refused to release the report.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=19 January 2021|title=Biden intel chief nominee vows to release Khashoggi murder report|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/19/biden-intel-chief-nominee-pledges-to-release-khashoggi-report|access-date=19 January 2021|agency=[[Al Jazeera]]|archive-date=19 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119201657/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/19/biden-intel-chief-nominee-pledges-to-release-khashoggi-report|url-status=live}}</ref>▼
▲On 16 November, [[Central Intelligence Agency]] employees who internally analyzed multiple sources of intelligence concluded that Mohammed bin Salman ordered Khashoggi's assassination.<ref name="cia" /> On 20 November, US President [[Donald Trump]] disputed the CIA assessment and stated that the investigation into Khashoggi's death had to continue.<ref name="nov20" /> The [[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020|2020 National Defense Authorization Act]] required the U.S. intelligence community to share the report on who was responsible for Khashoggi's murder, but the Trump administration refused to release the report.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=19 January 2021|title=Biden intel chief nominee vows to release Khashoggi murder report|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/19/biden-intel-chief-nominee-pledges-to-release-khashoggi-report|access-date=19 January 2021|agency=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|archive-date=19 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119201657/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/19/biden-intel-chief-nominee-pledges-to-release-khashoggi-report|url-status=live}}</ref>
Director of National Intelligence [[Avril Haines]] declassified a four-page report on 25 February 2021 and released it the next day,<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 February 2021|title=Assessing the Saudi Government's Role in the Killing of Jamal Khashoggi|url=https://www.odni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/Assessment-Saudi-Gov-Role-in-JK-Death-20210226.pdf|url-status=dead |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=ODNI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226180954/https://www.odni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/Assessment-Saudi-Gov-Role-in-JK-Death-20210226.pdf |archive-date=26 February 2021}}</ref> as she had promised to do even before the [[Presidency of Joe Biden|Biden administration]] began. As expected, the report blamed Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman for the murder, which had been the ultimate conclusion of the CIA.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|last=Kirchgaessner|first=Stephanie|date=19 January 2021|title=Biden administration 'to declassify report' into Khashoggi murder|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/19/biden-administration-to-declassify-report-into-khashoggi|access-date=19 January 2021|website=The Guardian|archive-date=29 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029225527/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/19/biden-administration-to-declassify-report-into-khashoggi|url-status=live}}</ref> Shortly after publication of the report it was replaced by an updated version,<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 February 2021|title=Assessing the Saudi Government's Role in the Killing of Jamal Khashoggi (v2)|url=https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/Assessment-Saudi-Gov-Role-in-JK-Death-20210226v2.pdf|access-date=1 March 2021|website=[[Office of the Director of National Intelligence]]|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226220957/https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/Assessment-Saudi-Gov-Role-in-JK-Death-20210226v2.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> from which three names were removed.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Marquardt|first=Alex|title=Three names mysteriously removed from Khashoggi intelligence report after initial publication|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/28/politics/jamal-khashoggi-intelligence-report-three-names-removed/index.html|access-date=1 March 2021|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=March 2021|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301015642/https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/28/politics/jamal-khashoggi-intelligence-report-three-names-removed/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the report, the US announced sanctions on several Saudis involved in the killing, but not on Mohammed bin Salman.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-56213528|title=Jamal Khashoggi: US says Saudi prince approved Khashoggi killing|accessdate=26 February 2020|publisher=BBC News|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226185834/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-56213528|url-status=live}}</ref> Some exiled Saudi dissidents said "they have been put in greater danger" due to the lack of sanctions against Mohammed bin Salman.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kirchgaessner |first1=Stephanie |date=4 March 2021 |title=US decision not to punish crown prince puts us in grave danger, Saudi exiles say |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/04/mohammed-bin-salman-crown-prince-saudi-exiled-dissidents-khashoggi-killing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422101523/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/04/mohammed-bin-salman-crown-prince-saudi-exiled-dissidents-khashoggi-killing |archive-date=22 April 2021 |access-date=22 April 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref>
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[[File:Ghanem al-Dosari.jpg|Saudi Arabian activist [[Ghanem al-Dosari]] at a protest outside the [[Natural History Museum, London]], 11 October 2018, after the disappearance of Jamal Kashoggi. The Saudi embassy was holding a Saudi National Day celebration at the museum.|thumb|right]]
[[File:Consulate General of Saudi Arabia in Istanbul.jpg|The Saudi consulate in Istanbul, 16 October 2018, after Khashoggi's disappearance.|thumb|right]]
Over the course of 2017, the House of Saud appealed to Khashoggi to return to Riyadh and resume his services as a media advisor to the royal court. But he declined in fear that it was a ruse and that upon returning he would be imprisoned or worse. Khashoggi met with crown prince Mohammed's brother [[Khalid bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Prince Khalid]] at the [[Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington, D.C.|Saudi embassy in Washington]], in "early 2018 or late 2017."<ref name="LedermanOct22">{{cite web |last1=Lederman |
Khashoggi's first visit to the Saudi consulate in Istanbul was on 28 September 2018{{snd}} where he showed up unannounced. Having divorced his wife, who had remained in Saudi Arabia, he went to the consulate to obtain a document certifying that he was no longer married so he could marry his Turkish fiancée. Before that visit he "sought assurances about his safety from friends in the US" and instructed his fiancée to contact Turkish authorities if he failed to emerge.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/08/jamal-khashoggi-turkey-search-black-van-carried-body-saudi-arabia|title=Jamal Khashoggi: Turkey hunts black van it believes carried body|first1=Martin|last1=Chulov|first2=Patrick|last2=Wintour|date=9 October 2018|website=The Guardian|access-date=27 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215220703/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/08/jamal-khashoggi-turkey-search-black-van-carried-body-saudi-arabia|archive-date=15 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He received a warm welcome from officials, and was told to return to the consulate on 2 October. "He was very pleased with their nice treatment and hospitality", she later said.<ref>{{cite web |last=Pannell |first=Ian |date=30 October 2018 |title=Though Khashoggi didn't suspect he may be in danger, he was still apprehensive |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/khashoggi-lured-back-saudi-consulate-warm-greeting-time/story?id=58857344 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102062814/https://abcnews.go.com/International/khashoggi-lured-back-saudi-consulate-warm-greeting-time/story?id=58857344 |archive-date=2 November 2018 |access-date=2 November 2018 |website=ABC News}}</ref> On 29 September Khashoggi traveled to London and spoke at a conference. On 1 October Khashoggi returned to Istanbul, and he told a friend that he was worried about being kidnapped and sent back to Saudi Arabia.<ref name="TNYT30102018" />
Meanwhile, at around 16:30, a three-person Saudi team arrived in Istanbul on a scheduled flight, checked in to their hotels then visited the consulate, according to Turkish President [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]]. Another group of officials from the consulate traveled to a forest in Istanbul's outskirts and the nearby city of [[Yalova]] on a "reconnaissance" trip. Erdogan said a "road map" to kill Khashoggi was devised in Saudi Arabia during this time. In the night of 2 October, a 15-member group arrived from Riyadh on two private Gulfstream jets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=
On 2 October 2018 CCTV showed the suspected agents entering the consulate around noon. Khashoggi arrived about an hour later, accompanied by his fiancée Cengiz, whom he entrusted with two cell phones while she waited outside for him.<ref name="TNYT30102018">{{cite news |last=Gall |first=Carlotta |date=3 October 2018 |title=What Happened to Jamal Khashoggi? Conflicting Reports Deepen a Mystery |website=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/03/world/middleeast/khashoggi-saudi-journalist-istanbul.html |url-status=live |access-date=20 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020052554/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/03/world/middleeast/khashoggi-saudi-journalist-istanbul.html |archive-date=20 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="AlJa8Oct2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/erdogan-closely-case-saudi-critic-jamal-khashoggi-181007143237024.html|title=Erdogan on Khashoggi vanishing: Upsetting this happens in Turkey|date=8 October 2018|access-date=19 October 2018|website=Al Jazeera|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019041311/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/erdogan-closely-case-saudi-critic-jamal-khashoggi-181007143237024.html|archive-date=19 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ABC_8Oct2018">{{cite news |title= Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi disappears after entering Saudi Arabia's consulate in Istanbul |url= http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-10-07/turkish-authorities-investigate-disappearance-of-jamal-khashoggi/10348304 |agency= [[Reuters]] |publisher= [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date= 7 October 2018 |access-date= 20 October 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181017115417/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-10-07/turkish-authorities-investigate-disappearance-of-jamal-khashoggi/10348304 |archive-date= 17 October 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref> He entered the consulate, through the main entrance, at
The Saudi government said that he had left the consulate<ref name="SPA1">{{cite news |url= https://www.spa.gov.sa/1822222 |title= News snippet |publisher= [[Saudi Press Agency]] |date= 4 October 2018 |access-date= 20 October 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181006075206/https://www.spa.gov.sa/1822222 |archive-date= 6 October 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="BBC1">{{cite news |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45758096 |title= Jamal Khashoggi: Washington Post blanks out missing Saudi writer's column |publisher= BBC |date= 5 October 2018 |access-date= 20 October 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181019093042/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45758096 |archive-date= 19 October 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="NPR1">{{cite news |first= Sasha |last= Ingber |url= https://www.npr.org/2018/10/04/654591662/saudi-critic-vanishes-after-visiting-consulate-prompting-fear-and-confusion |title= Saudi Critic Vanishes After Visiting Consulate, Prompting Fear And Confusion |publisher= [[NPR]] |date= 4 October 2018 |access-date= 20 October 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181019010138/https://www.npr.org/2018/10/04/654591662/saudi-critic-vanishes-after-visiting-consulate-prompting-fear-and-confusion |archive-date= 19 October 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref> via a back entrance.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/10/alleged-saudi-hit-squad-linked-to-jamal-khashoggi-disappearance |title=Jamal Khashoggi: details of alleged Saudi hit squad emerge |last1=Chulov |first1=Martin |date=10 October 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=11 October 2018 |last2=McKernan |first2=Bethan |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011021035/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/10/alleged-saudi-hit-squad-linked-to-jamal-khashoggi-disappearance |archive-date=11 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Cabinet Erdoğan IV|Turkish government]] first said that he was still inside, and his fiancée and friends said that he was missing.<ref name="TNYT30102018" />
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==Assassination==
According to numerous anonymous police sources,
On 7 October, Turkish officials pledged to release evidence showing that Khashoggi was killed.<ref name=guardian1/> Aktay initially said he believed Khashoggi had been killed in the consulate,<ref name=MEE/> but on 10 October he claimed that "the Saudi state is not blamed here", something that a journalist for ''[[The Guardian]]'' saw as Turkey trying not to harm lucrative trade ties and a delicate regional relationship with Saudi Arabia.<ref name = guardian2/> Turkey then claimed to have audio and video evidence of the killing occurring inside the consulate.<ref name="WaPo1">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/turks-tell-us-officials-they-have-audio-and-video-recordings-that-support-conclusion-khashoggi-was-killed/2018/10/11/119a119e-cd88-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html |title=Turks tell U.S. officials they have audio and video recordings that support conclusion Khashoggi was killed |first1=Shane |last1=Harris |first2=Souad |last2=Mekhennet |first3=John |last3=Hudson |first4=Anne |last4=Gearan |date=11 October 2018 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=20 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020074357/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/turks-tell-us-officials-they-have-audio-and-video-recordings-that-support-conclusion-khashoggi-was-killed/2018/10/11/119a119e-cd88-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html |archive-date=20 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> U.S. President Donald Trump said the United States had asked Turkey for the recordings.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-45893993/jamal-khashoggi-we-ve-asked-for-tape-evidence-trump|title=We've asked for Khashoggi tape evidence – Trump|work=BBC News|access-date=20 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019224754/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-45893993/jamal-khashoggi-we-ve-asked-for-tape-evidence-trump|archive-date=19 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> According to "people familiar with the matter", the audio was shared with Central Intelligence Agency agents; a CIA spokeswoman declined to comment.<ref>{{cite news |last=Harris |first=Shane |date=
[[CNN]] reported on 15 October that Saudi Arabia was about to admit to the killing, but would claim that it was an interrogation that went wrong.<ref name="prepadmit">{{cite news |last1=Ward |first1=Clarissa |last2=Lister |first2=Tim |date=15 October
The next day, ''Middle East Eye'' reported that, according to an anonymous Turkish source, the killing took about seven minutes and forensic specialist [[Salah Muhammed al-Tubaigy]], who had brought along a [[bone cutter|bone saw]],<ref name="MEE_7minutes"/> cut Khashoggi's body into pieces, while Khashoggi was still alive, as he and his colleagues listened to music.<ref>{{cite web |last=Vankin |first=Jonathan |date=16 October 2018 |title=Jamal Khashoggi Dismembered Alive, Saudi Killer Listened To Music During Murder |url=https://www.inquisitr.com/5119410/jamal-khashoggi-dismembered-alive-saudi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017033937/https://www.inquisitr.com/5119410/jamal-khashoggi-dismembered-alive-saudi/ |archive-date=17 October 2018 |access-date=16 October 2018 |website=Inquisitr}}</ref> The source further claimed
Reuters reported that al-Otaibi left Istanbul for Riyadh on 16 October. His departure came hours before his home was expected to be searched in relation to the journalist's disappearance.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gumrukcu |first1=Tuvan |last2=Dadouch |first2=Sarah |date=16 October 2018 |title=Saudi consul general leaves Turkey for Riyadh: Turkish broadcasters |work=Reuters |editor-last=Evans |editor-first=Dominic |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-politics-dissident-consul/saudi-consul-general-leaves-turkey-for-riyadh-turkish-broadcasters-idUSKCN1MQ23T |url-status=live |access-date=17 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018044649/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-politics-dissident-consul/saudi-consul-general-leaves-turkey-for-riyadh-turkish-broadcasters-idUSKCN1MQ23T |archive-date=18 October 2018}}</ref> ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' published reports from anonymous sources that Khashoggi was tortured in front of top Saudi diplomat Mohammad al-Otaibi, Saudi Arabia's consul general.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gauthier-Villars |first1=David |last2=Donati |first2=Jessica |last3=Said |first3=Summer |date=17 October 2018 |title=Turkey Details Alleged Killing of Saudi Journalist |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/pompeo-seeks-answers-amid-crisis-over-missing-saudi-journalist-1539690270?mod=trending_now_3 |url-status=live |access-date=17 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017091557/https://www.wsj.com/articles/pompeo-seeks-answers-amid-crisis-over-missing-saudi-journalist-1539690270?mod=trending_now_3 |archive-date=17 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Boboltz |first=Sara |date=17 October 2018 |title=Jamal Khashoggi Tortured In Front Of Top Saudi Diplomat: Reports |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/jamal-khashoggi-tortured-saudi-diplomat-reports_us_5bc736d8e4b0d38b5873dc98 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018043214/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/jamal-khashoggi-tortured-saudi-diplomat-reports_us_5bc736d8e4b0d38b5873dc98 |archive-date=18 October 2018 |access-date=17 October 2018 |website=Huffington Post}}</ref> The Turkish pro-government newspaper ''[[Daily Sabah]]'' reported on 18 October that neighbours
On 20 October, the Saudi Foreign Ministry reported that a preliminary investigation showed that Khashoggi had died at the consulate while engaged in a fight, the first Saudi acknowledgement of Khashoggi's death.<ref name="WaPoArrest19">{{Cite news |last1=Sullivan |first1=Kevin |last2=Morris |first2=Loveday |last3=El-Ghobashy |first3=Tamer |date=19 October 2018 |title=Saudi Arabia fires 5 top officials, arrests 18 Saudis, saying Khashoggi was killed in fight at consulate |language=en |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/world/wp/2018/10/19/saudi-government-acknowledges-journalist-jamal-khashaoggi-died-while-in-that-countrys-consulate-in-istanbul/ |url-status=live |access-date=20 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020015713/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/world/wp/2018/10/19/saudi-government-acknowledges-journalist-jamal-khashaoggi-died-while-in-that-countrys-consulate-in-istanbul/ |archive-date=20 October 2018}}</ref> It was also announced that [[Saud al-Qahtani]] and [[Ahmad Asiri (general)|Ahmad Asiri]] had been fired by the Saudi royal court for involvement in Khashoggi's killing.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Jamal Khashoggi case: Saudi Arabia says journalist killed in fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45923217 |work=BBC |date=20 October 2018 |access-date=23 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120201646/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45923217 |archive-date=20 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The following day, an anonymous Saudi official said Khashoggi had been threatened with drugging and kidnapping by Maher Mutreb, had resisted and was restrained with a chokehold, which killed him.<ref name="Rashad">{{cite news |last1=Rashad |first1=Marwa |last2=Kalin |first2=Stephen |date=21 October 2018 |title=Amid skepticism, Saudi official provides another version of... |work=Reuters |editor-last=Trott |editor-first=Bill |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-official/amid-skepticism-saudi-official-provides-another-version-of-khashoggi-death-idUSKCN1MV04V |url-status=live |access-date=21 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021091541/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-official/amid-skepticism-saudi-official-provides-another-version-of-khashoggi-death-idUSKCN1MV04V |archive-date=21 October 2018}}</ref>
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According to Nazif Karaman of the ''Daily Sabah'', the audio recording from inside the consulate revealed that Khashoggi's last words were: "I'm suffocating... take this bag off my head, I'm claustrophobic."<ref name="DailySabah_Khashoggi_lastwords">{{cite news | title= 'I'm suffocating': Khashoggi's last words, says Turkish reporter | publisher=Al Jazeera English| url= https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/11/suffocating-khashoggi-words-turkish-reporter-181111085534099.html |access-date= 11 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111185950/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/11/suffocating-khashoggi-words-turkish-reporter-181111085534099.html |archive-date= 11 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 10 December, the details of the transcript of the audio were described to CNN by an anonymous source.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/09/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-last-words-intl/index.html |title='I can't breathe.' Jamal Khashoggi's last words disclosed in transcript, source says |first=Nick |last=Robertson |date=9 December 2018 |work=CNN|access-date=12 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212045056/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/09/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-last-words-intl/index.html |archive-date=12 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 16 November, a ''[[Hürriyet]]'' columnist reported that Turkey has more evidence, including a second audio recording from the consulate, where the Saudi team reviews the plans on how to execute Khashoggi. He also reported
==Investigation==
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''[[Sabah (newspaper)|Sabah]]'' reported on 11 October that Turkish officials were investigating whether Khashoggi's [[Apple Watch]] would reveal clues as to what happened to him inside the Saudi consulate, examining whether data from the smartwatch could have been transmitted to the [[Cloud computing|cloud]], or his personal phone, which was with Cengiz.<ref name="shockingevide">{{cite news | last1=Wilkinson | first1=Bard | last2=Robertson | first2=Nic | last3=Smith-Spark | first3=Laura | title=Turkey has 'shocking' evidence of Saudi journalist's murder | website=CNN | date=12 October 2018 | url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/12/middleeast/khashoggi-saudi-turkey-recordings-intl/index.html | access-date=12 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012074432/https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/12/middleeast/khashoggi-saudi-turkey-recordings-intl/index.html | archive-date=12 October 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref>
On the evening of 14 October, President [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|Erdoğan]] and King Salman announced that a deal had been made for a "jointing working group" to examine the case.<ref name="wintour">{{cite web |last1=Wintour |first1=Patrick |last2=Chulov |first2=Martin |date=15 October 2018 |title=Donald Trump says 'rogue killers' may have murdered Khashoggi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/15/turkey-jamal-khashoggi-granted-permission-search-saudi-arabia-consulate-istanbul |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015113944/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/15/turkey-jamal-khashoggi-granted-permission-search-saudi-arabia-consulate-istanbul |archive-date=15 October 2018 |access-date=15 October 2018 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> On 15 October the Turkish Foreign Ministry announced that an "inspection" of the consulate, by both Turkish and Saudi officials, would take place that afternoon.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nair |first=Ajay |date=15 October 2018 |title=Jamal Khashoggi: Joint search team enters Saudi consulate |url=https://news.sky.com/story/jamal-khashoggi-team-enters-saudi-consulate-ahead-of-joint-search-11526611 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015231627/https://news.sky.com/story/jamal-khashoggi-team-enters-saudi-consulate-ahead-of-joint-search-11526611 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |access-date=15 October 2018 |website=Sky News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Forrest |first=Adam |date=15 October 2018 |title=Turkish authorities to search Saudi consulate two weeks after journalist vanished |work=The Independent |publisher= |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/jamal-khashoggi-latest-saudi-arabia-turkey-search-istanbul-death-missing-a8584361.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015170040/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/jamal-khashoggi-latest-saudi-arabia-turkey-search-istanbul-death-missing-a8584361.html |archive-date=15 October 2018}}</ref> According to an anonymous source from the Attorney General's office, Turkish officials found evidence of "tampering" during the inspection, and evidence that supports the belief Khashoggi was killed.<ref name="SearchEvidence">{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/turkish-prosecutors-find-evidence-jamal-khashoggi-killing-181015205254636.html|title=Turkish prosecutors 'find evidence of Jamal Khashoggi killing'|website=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|date=15 October 2018|access-date=17 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016203320/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/turkish-prosecutors-find-evidence-jamal-khashoggi-killing-181015205254636.html|archive-date=16 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> President Erdoğan said that "investigation is looking into many things such as toxic materials and those materials being removed by painting them over".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-politics-dissident-erdogan/turkeys-erdogan-says-some-material-at-saudi-consulate-painted-over-idUSKCN1MQ1CT|title=Turkey's Erdogan says some material at Saudi consulate painted over|work=Reuters|date=16 October 2018|access-date=17 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016224604/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-politics-dissident-erdogan/turkeys-erdogan-says-some-material-at-saudi-consulate-painted-over-idUSKCN1MQ1CT|archive-date=16 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
According to anonymous sources, Turkish police have expanded the search, as Khashoggi's body may have been disposed of in nearby [[Belgrad Forest]] or on farmland in [[Yalova Province]], as indicated by the movement of the Saudi vehicles,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/18/search-for-khashoggis-remains-extends-to-saudi-consul-generals-residence|title=Search for Khashoggi's remains focuses on consul general's house|first1=Bethan|last1=McKernan|first2=Julian|last2=Borger|date=18 October 2018|website=The Guardian|access-date=27 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228180559/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/18/search-for-khashoggis-remains-extends-to-saudi-consul-generals-residence|archive-date=28 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[DNA profiling|DNA tests]] of samples from the Saudi consulate and the consul's residence
===Confirmation of death===
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On 22 October, six US and Western officials<ref name="haaretz2018-10-23">{{cite web |date=23 October 2018 |title=CIA director Gina Haspel travels to Turkey for Khashoggi probe, sources say |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/cia-director-gina-haspel-travels-to-turkey-for-khashoggi-probe-source-says-1.6588337 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023234114/https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/cia-director-gina-haspel-travels-to-turkey-for-khashoggi-probe-source-says-1.6588337 |archive-date=23 October 2018 |access-date=24 October 2018 |website=Haaretz}}</ref> stated they believed that the crown prince [[Mohammad bin Salman]], because of his role overseeing the Saudi security apparatus, was ultimately responsible for Khashoggi's disappearance, and the [[Director of the Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA), [[Gina Haspel]], departed for Turkey to work on the investigation<ref>{{cite web | work=Reuters | title=CIA director Haspel travels to Turkey for Khashoggi case: source | date=22 October 2018 | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-cia/cia-director-haspel-travels-to-turkey-for-khashoggi-case-source-idUSKCN1MW2WN | access-date=24 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024112921/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-cia/cia-director-haspel-travels-to-turkey-for-khashoggi-case-source-idUSKCN1MW2WN | archive-date=24 October 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> "amid a growing international uproar over Saudi's explanation of the killing".<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hudson |first1=John |last2=Harris |first2=Shane |date=22 October 2018 |title=CIA director flies to Turkey amid growing controversy over Jamal Khashoggi killing |language=en-US |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/cia-director-flies-to-turkey-amid-growing-controversy-over-jamal-khashoggi-killing/2018/10/22/47d406d9-9f36-49fc-a187-a9a495b70a62_story.html |access-date=7 April 2022 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=24 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024073637/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/cia-director-flies-to-turkey-amid-growing-controversy-over-jamal-khashoggi-killing/2018/10/22/47d406d9-9f36-49fc-a187-a9a495b70a62_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Governor of İstanbul]]'s office said that Khashoggi's fiancée, Hatice Cengiz, had been given 24-hour [[police protection]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jamal Khashoggi: Erdogan vows to reveal all that happened 'in all its nakedness' |website=Sky News |date=21 October 2018 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/jamal-khashoggi-saudi-arabia-vows-to-bring-journalists-killers-to-justice-11531766 |access-date=22 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022002900/https://news.sky.com/story/jamal-khashoggi-saudi-arabia-vows-to-bring-journalists-killers-to-justice-11531766 |archive-date=22 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Also on 22 October, CNN aired CCTV law enforcement footage from the Turkish authorities, showing the Saudi agent Mustafa al-Madani, a member of the 15-man team, leaving the consulate by the back door.<ref name="body double"/> He was dressed up in Khashoggi's clothes, except for the shoes. Madani had also put on a fake beard that resembled Khashoggi's facial hair, his glasses and his Apple Watch.<ref name="Tuysuz" /><ref name=Rashad /><ref name="TheGMcKernan" /> Madani, who was of similar age, height, and build to Khashoggi, left the consulate from its back door.<ref name="body double"/> He was later seen at Istanbul's [[Blue Mosque (Istanbul)|Blue Mosque]], where he went to a public bathroom and changed back to his own clothes and discarded Khashoggi's clothes.<ref name="body double"/> Later he was seen dining with another Saudi agent, and the footage shows him smiling and laughing.<ref name="ClarissaWard" /> An anonymous Turkish official believes that Madani was brought to Istanbul to act as a [[body double]] and that "You don't need a body double for a [[Extraordinary rendition|rendition]] or an interrogation. Our assessment has not changed since October 6. This was a [[premeditated]] murder, and the body was moved out of the consulate."<ref name="body double">{{cite news |last1=Tuysuz |first1=Gul |last2=Abdelaziz |first2=Salma |last3=Balkiz |first3=Ghazi |last4=Formanek |first4=Ingrid |last5=Ward |first5=Clarissa |date=23 October 2018 |title=Mustafa al-Madani identified as Saudi 'body double' in Khashoggi's clothes, Turkish source says |work=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/22/middleeast/saudi-operative-jamal-khashoggi-clothes/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025145625/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/22/middleeast/saudi-operative-jamal-khashoggi-clothes/index.html |archive-date=25 October 2018}}</ref> The use of the body double might have been an attempt to lend credence to the Saudi government's first version of events: that Khashoggi walked out through the back not long after he arrived. But "it was a flawed body double, so it never became an official part of the Saudi government's narrative", a Turkish diplomat told ''The Washington Post''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cunningham |first1=Erin |last2=Paletta |first2=Damian |date=
The body double footage bolstered Turkish claims that the Saudis always intended either to kill Khashoggi or move him back to Saudi Arabia. [[Ömer Çelik]], a spokesman for Turkey's ruling [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|AKP]], stated: "We are facing a situation that has been monstrously planned and later tried to be covered up. It is a complicated murder."<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Wright |first=Robin |date=
Saudi Arabia has vowed it will conduct a thorough criminal investigation and deliver justice for Khashoggi, Turkish investigators have been faced with several delays from their Saudi counterparts. On 22 October, BBC reported that Turkish police had found a car "belonging to the consulate" abandoned in an underground car park in Istanbul. Permission was sought from the Saudi diplomats to search the car.<ref name="BBC_murder_fox"/> Turkish media published a video from 3 October (the day after the disappearance) that apparently showed the staff of the consulate burning documents.<ref name=BBC_murder_fox/>
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On Sunday 7 October, the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs summoned Saudi Arabian Ambassador [[Waleed A. M. Elkhereiji]] to demand for the second time permission to search the consulate building.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2018/10/08/turkey-demands-permission-to-search-saudi-consulate-after-journalist-khashoggis-disappearance|title=Turkey demands permission to search Saudi consulate after journalist Khashoggi's disappearance|work=[[Daily Sabah]]|date=8 October 2018|quote=The Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Sunday summoned Saudi Arabian Ambassador [[Waleed A. M. Elkhereiji]] for the second time after journalist Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance and demanded permission to search the consulate building in Istanbul, October 8.|access-date=2 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119051646/https://www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2018/10/08/turkey-demands-permission-to-search-saudi-consulate-after-journalist-khashoggis-disappearance|archive-date=19 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Saudi officials continued to refuse that Turkish police could search the well in the Saudi consul's garden,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/todays-headlines/-saudis-did-not-let-turkey-search-well-at-consulate-/1291897 |title=Saudis did not let Turkey search well at consulate |work=[[Anadolu Agency]] |date=24 October 2018 |access-date=24 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024121708/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/todays-headlines/-saudis-did-not-let-turkey-search-well-at-consulate-/1291897 |archive-date=24 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gumrukcu |first1=Tuvan |last2=Toksabay |first2=Ece |date=24 October 2018 |title=Saudi officials refuse Turkish police search at well in Istanbul consulate – Anadolu |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/saudi-khashoggi-consulate/saudi-officials-refuse-turkish-police-search-at-well-in-istanbul-consulate-anadolu-idUSA4N1UT02E |url-status=live |access-date=24 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411135020/https://www.reuters.com/article/saudi-khashoggi-consulate/saudi-officials-refuse-turkish-police-search-at-well-in-istanbul-consulate-anadolu-idUSA4N1UT02E |archive-date=11 April 2022}}</ref> but granted permission on 24 October (22 days after the assassination).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/konsolosluk-bahcesindeki-kuyuda-arama-yapilacak,9UXbI7aPaEWUk1k-7i9QPg |title=Konsolosluk bahçesindeki kuyuda arama yapılacak |language=tr |work=[[NTV (Turkey)]] |date=24 October 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gumrukcu |first1=Tuvan |last2=Toksabay |first2=Ece |date=24 October 2018 |title=Turkish police receive permission to search well at Saudi consulate: NTV |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-consulate/turkish-police-receive-permission-to-search-well-at-saudi-consulate-ntv-idUSKCN1MY1HF |url-status=live |access-date=24 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024142119/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-consulate/turkish-police-receive-permission-to-search-well-at-saudi-consulate-ntv-idUSKCN1MY1HF |archive-date=24 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="WaPoPreMeditated">{{cite news |last1=Batrawy |first1=Aya |last2=Torchia |first2=Christopher |last3=Fraser |first3=Suzan |date=25 October 2018 |title=Saudi Arabia again changes its story on Khashoggi killing |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/turkish-probe-of-khashoggi-killing-turns-to-garden-well/2018/10/25/a3aabb88-d837-11e8-8384-bcc5492fef49_story.html |url-status=dead |access-date=26 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025115811/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/turkish-probe-of-khashoggi-killing-turns-to-garden-well/2018/10/25/a3aabb88-d837-11e8-8384-bcc5492fef49_story.html |archive-date=25 October 2018}}</ref> Turkish newspaper ''Hürriyet'' reported on 26 October that police had found no DNA traces of Khashoggi in water samples taken from the well.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/incelemeden-once-araclara-oto-kuafor-40998828 |title=İncelemeden önce araçlara oto kuaför |language=tr |work=Hürriyet |date=26 October 2018 |quote=Yapılan kriminal incelemede, suda herhangi bir DNA örneğine rastlanmadı |access-date=26 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026182249/http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/incelemeden-once-araclara-oto-kuafor-40998828 |archive-date=26 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="SBS_NoDNA">{{cite news |title=No Khashoggi DNA in Saudi consulate well |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/no-khashoggi-dna-in-saudi-consulate-well |access-date=26 October 2018 |publisher=SBS News |date=25 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026143440/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/no-khashoggi-dna-in-saudi-consulate-well |archive-date=26 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Calling for an international investigation, at the [[Headquarters of the United Nations]] in [[New York City]] on 25 October, [[Agnès Callamard]], UN Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions, explained the Saudi officials implicated in the death of Khashoggi "are high enough to represent the state".<ref name="NZZOct31">{{cite
===Saudi public prosecutor visits Turkey===
Saudi public prosecutor Saud al-Mojeb arrived in Istanbul on 28 October, days after he contradicted weeks of official Saudi statements by saying that Khashoggi's murder was premeditated. His trip came amid Turkish suggestions that the Saudis were not cooperating and had attempted to tamper with evidence.<ref name="AlJ31Oct">{{cite web | last=Koseoglu | first=Sinem | title=Turkey to present probe findings to Saudi, request new search | website=Al Jazeera | date=28 October 2018 | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/turkey-present-saudi-probe-findings-request-consulate-search-181028145716739.html | access-date=31 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031133038/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/turkey-present-saudi-probe-findings-request-consulate-search-181028145716739.html | archive-date=31 October 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> Mojeb held talks on 29 October with Istanbul's chief prosecutor Irfan Fidan at the [[Istanbul Çağlayan Justice Palace|Çağlayan courthouse]]. Saudi officials asked the Turkish prosecutor to hand over all of their evidence, including video footage. Turkish investigators offered a 150-page dossier that summarized their findings, but refused to hand over the complete investigative file.<ref name="Reuters_29Prosecutor" /><ref name="TheG_29Oct" /> Although Saudi foreign minister [[Adel al-Jubeir]] had stated on 27 October that the suspects would be tried on Saudi soil, Turkish officials presented an extradition request for the 18 suspects to be brought to Turkey for trial.<ref name="Reuters_29Prosecutor" /><ref name="TheG_29Oct" /> They also pressed for information about Khashoggi's body, its disposal, and the progress of the Saudi investigation. The tense meeting only lasted 75 minutes.<ref name="Reuters_29Prosecutor">{{cite news |last=Kucukgocmen |first=Ali |date=29 October 2018 |title=Turkey demands truth over Khashoggi killing as Saudi prosecutor visits |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-turkey-prosecutor/turkey-demands-truth-over-khashoggi-killing-as-saudi-prosecutor-visits-idUSKCN1N30K2 |url-status=live |access-date=29 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029141615/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-turkey-prosecutor/turkey-demands-truth-over-khashoggi-killing-as-saudi-prosecutor-visits-idUSKCN1N30K2 |archive-date=29 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="TheG_29Oct">{{cite web | last1=Wintour | first1=Patrick | last2=McKernan | first2=Bethan | title=Turkey refuses to share all Khashoggi evidence with Saudis | website=the Guardian | date=29 October 2018 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/29/saudi-prosecutor-saud-al-mojeb-arrives-in-turkey-to-assist-with-jamal-khashoggi-inquiry | access-date=27 January 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204163743/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/29/saudi-prosecutor-saud-al-mojeb-arrives-in-turkey-to-assist-with-jamal-khashoggi-inquiry | archive-date=4 February 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref>
Mojeb held a second round of talks with Fidan on 30 October, before inspecting the Saudi consulate in the [[Levent]] neighbourhood, where he left after spending a little over an hour.<ref>{{cite web |title=Saudi prosecutor joins probe at Saudi consulate in Istanbul for Khashoggi investigation |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/saudi-prosecutor-visits-istanbul-court-house-in-khashoggi-probe-138396 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030115127/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/saudi-prosecutor-visits-istanbul-court-house-in-khashoggi-probe-138396 |archive-date=30 October 2018 |access-date=31 October 2018 |website=Hürriyet Daily News|date=30 October 2018 }}</ref><ref name="WaPo31Oct">{{cite news |last1=Bilginsoy |first1=Zeynep |last2=Fraser |first2=Suzan |date=31 October 2018 |title=Khashoggi's fiancee calls on Trump to prevent 'cover-up' |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/khashoggis-fiancee-calls-on-trump-to-prevent-cover-up/2018/10/30/96cce4e0-dcb0-11e8-8bac-bfe01fcdc3a6_story.html |url-status=dead |access-date=31 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031050424/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/khashoggis-fiancee-calls-on-trump-to-prevent-cover-up/2018/10/30/96cce4e0-dcb0-11e8-8bac-bfe01fcdc3a6_story.html |archive-date=31 October 2018}}</ref> According to a source at the prosecutor's office, Fidan asked Mojeb to conduct another joint search at the consul-general's residence, because when Turkish investigators first entered the building in mid-October they were not allowed to search three locked rooms and were also not allowed to search a {{convert|20|m|adj=on}}-deep well. The Saudis did not let firefighters descend into the well, and the search ended with police only able to obtain some water samples.<ref name="AlJ31Oct" />
The following day, President Erdoğan repeated the demand for the suspects to be extradited to Turkey for trial.<ref name="WaPo31Oct" /> He accused the Saudi prosecutor of refusing to cooperate during his visit. A source reported that Mojeb provided no information to Turkish investigators, but wanted to take Khashoggi's mobile phones, which had been left outside the consulate with Khashoggi's fiancée.<ref name="Reuters_Tapes_given"/>
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On 31 October a senior Turkish official told ''The Washington Post'' that Turkish authorities were investigating the theory that Khashoggi's body was destroyed in acid on the grounds of the consulate or at the nearby residence of the Saudi consul general. The "biological evidence" discovered in the consulate garden supported the theory.<ref name="WaPo31Octacid">{{cite news |last1=Fahim |first1=Kareem |last2=El-Ghobashy |first2=Tamer |last3=Loveluck |first3=Louisa |date=31 October 2018 |title=Prosecutor says Khashoggi was strangled and dismembered, but fate of body still a mystery |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/saudi-arabia-not-fully-cooperating-with-khashoggi-investigation-turkish-official-says/2018/10/31/804bfc2a-dc78-11e8-8bac-bfe01fcdc3a6_story.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=3 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103092637/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/saudi-arabia-not-fully-cooperating-with-khashoggi-investigation-turkish-official-says/2018/10/31/804bfc2a-dc78-11e8-8bac-bfe01fcdc3a6_story.html |archive-date=3 November 2018}}</ref> Echoing the claim, Yasin Aktay, an adviser to Erdoğan in his ruling [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|AK Party]] and a friend of Khashoggi, hinted in an article in the Turkish newspaper ''Hürriyet'', published on 2 November, that the body was destroyed by dismembering and dissolving in acid: "We now see that it wasn't just cut up, they got rid of the body by dissolving it".<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkey's Erdogan-Khashoggi Killing Ordered at Saudi 'Highest Levels' |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2018/11/02/world/europe/02reuters-saudi-khashoggi-turkey.html |url-status=dead |access-date=3 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103105151/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2018/11/02/world/europe/02reuters-saudi-khashoggi-turkey.html |archive-date=3 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Khashoggi's body was 'dissolved' after murder – Erdogan advisor |url=https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/khashoggi-s-body-was-dissolved-after-murder-erdogan-advisor-21325 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103170538/https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/khashoggi-s-body-was-dissolved-after-murder-erdogan-advisor-21325 |archive-date=3 November 2018 |access-date=3 November 2018 |website=TRT}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-turkey/erdogan-adviser-said-khashoggis-body-was-dismembered-and-dissolved-newspaper-idUSKCN1N7179|title=Erdogan adviser said Khashoggi's body was dismembered and...|work=Reuters|date=2 November 2018|access-date=3 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103123749/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-turkey/erdogan-adviser-said-khashoggis-body-was-dismembered-and-dissolved-newspaper-idUSKCN1N7179|archive-date=3 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 4 March 2019, Al Jazeera Arabic released a documentary on the investigation of Khashoggi's murder and the subsequent coverup.
In an op-ed in ''The Washington Post'', Erdoğan described the murder as "inexplicable" and as a "clear violation and a blatant abuse of the [[Vienna Convention on Consular Relations]]", arguing that not punishing the perpetrators "could set a very dangerous precedent." He criticised Saudi inaction against the consul general Mohammad al-Otaibi, who had misled the media and had fled the country shortly afterwards. He warned that no-one should dare commit "such acts on the soil of a [[NATO]] ally again" and wrote: "As responsible members of the international community, we must reveal the identities of the puppet masters behind Khashoggi's killing and discover those in whom Saudi officials{{snd}} still trying to cover up the murder{{snd}} have placed their trust... We know that the order to kill Khashoggi came from the highest levels of the Saudi government." He urged the international community to uncover the whole truth.<ref name="Erdogan">{{cite news |last1=Erdogan |
On 5 November, ''Daily Sabah'' quoted a Turkish official who said that an 11-member team, including chemist Ahmad Abdulaziz Aljanobi and toxicology expert Khaled Yahya al-Zahrani, had been sent by Saudi Arabia to Istanbul on 11 October to destroy the evidence.<ref name="MEE_Compensation">{{cite news |date=6 November 2018 |title=Saudi Arabia to pay compensation to Khashoggi family, fiancee: Turkish official |website=Middle East Eye |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-pay-compensation-khashoggi-family-and-fiancee-says-turkish-official-2016567611 |url-status=live |access-date=10 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111043945/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-pay-compensation-khashoggi-family-and-fiancee-says-turkish-official-2016567611 |archive-date=11 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="MEE_Saudi_CoverTeam"/> The official suggested that this cover-up attempt indicated that Saudi officials were aware of the crime.<ref name="Reuters_Tapes_given"/> The Saudi team had visited the consulate every day between 11 and 17 October; Turkish officials were not permitted to search the consulate until 15 October.<ref name="MEE_Saudi_CoverTeam">{{cite news |title=audi team sent to Istanbul to 'cover up' Khashoggi murder: Turkish official |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/two-saudis-sent-istanbul-cover-khashoggi-murder-turkish-official-1558214130 |access-date=10 November 2018 |website=Middle East Eye |date=5 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111044012/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/two-saudis-sent-istanbul-cover-khashoggi-murder-turkish-official-1558214130 |archive-date=11 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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During a televised speech on 10 November, Erdoğan acknowledged the existence of multiple audio recordings relating to the killing, stating that Turkey had provided them to Saudi Arabia, the United States, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom.<ref name="Reuters_Tapes_given" /> These recordings document Khashoggi's torture and death, as well as conversations from before the incident, which led Turkey to conclude early on that the killing was premeditated. Saudi royal advisor Saud al-Qahtani was reported as having a major role throughout the recordings.<ref name="Reuters_Tapes_given">{{cite news |last=Erkoyun |first=Ezgi |date=10 November 2018 |title=Turkey gave Khashoggi tapes to European nations, Erdogan says |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-turkey/turkey-gave-khashoggi-tapes-to-european-nations-erdogan-says-idUSKCN1NF0EQ |url-status=live |access-date=10 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110171320/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-turkey/turkey-gave-khashoggi-tapes-to-european-nations-erdogan-says-idUSKCN1NF0EQ |archive-date=10 November 2018}}</ref>
Canadian Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] confirmed that Turkey had shared audio of the killing with world governments, including Canada.<ref name="LeMon12Nov">{{cite news |last1=Zerrouky |
While attending [[World War I centennial]] commemorations in France, Erdoğan and President Trump discussed how to respond to the killing, and later met with Secretary-General [[António Guterres]] of the [[United Nations]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Çelik |first=Ersin |date=11 November 2018 |title=Erdoğan, Trump meet over dinner in French capital |publisher=Yeni Safak |url=https://www.yenisafak.com/en/world/erdogan-trump-meet-over-dinner-in-french-capital-3465965 |url-status=live |access-date=12 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112101403/https://www.yenisafak.com/en/world/erdogan-trump-meet-over-dinner-in-french-capital-3465965 |archive-date=12 November 2018}}</ref> President Trump and French President [[Emmanuel Macron]] agreed that more details were needed from KSA on Khashoggi's murder. Accordingly, they also agreed that the case should not cause further destabilization in the Middle East; and the fallout from the Khashoggi affair could create a way forward to find a resolution to the ongoing War in Yemen.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 November 2018 |title=Will Saudi Arabia ever reveal who ordered the killing of Jamal Khashoggi? |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXbJ2RRw2Yk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112183448/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXbJ2RRw2Yk |archive-date=12 November 2018 |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Al Jazeera English}}</ref>
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===Charges===
On 15 November 2018, the Saudi Prosecutor's Office stated that 11 Saudi nationals had been indicted and charged with murdering Khashoggi and that five of the individuals who were indicted would face the death penalty since it had been determined they were directly involved in "ordering and executing the crime". Prosecutors alleged that shortly after Khashoggi entered the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul he was bound and then injected with an overdose of a [[sedative]] that resulted in his death. The prosecutors also alleged that his body had been dismembered and removed from the consulate by five of those charged in the killing and given to a local collaborator for disposal. Saudi officials continued to deny that the Saudi Royal Family was involved in, ordered, or sanctioned the killing.<ref name="fivedeathsentence">{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/15/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-saudi-prosecutor-death-penalty-intl/index.html|title=Saudis seek death penalty, details Khashoggi's death|first1=Sarah|last1=El Sirgany|first2=Nada|last2=Altaher|first3=Bianca|last3=Britton|publisher=CNN|access-date=15 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115215513/https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/15/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-saudi-prosecutor-death-penalty-intl/index.html|archive-date=15 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="fiveexecute">{{cite web |last=Chappell |first=Bill |date=
On 16 November 2018, several news organizations including ''[[The New York Times]]'' and ''The Washington Post'' reported that the CIA was unequivocal in assessing with "high confidence" that the crown prince Mohammad bin Salman ordered Khashoggi's assassination. The agency examined multiple sources of intelligence, including an [[intercepted]] phone call that the crown prince's brother [[Khalid bin Salman]]{{snd}} the then Saudi ambassador to the United States{{snd}} had with Khashoggi. A conclusion that contradicted previous Saudi government claims that the crown prince was not involved. A CIA spokesman and both the White House and the [[US State Department]] declined to comment. The Saudis issued a denial.<ref name="cia"/><ref>{{cite web |title=CIA concludes Saudi prince ordered Khashoggi's killing (Interview with Fawaz A. Gerges, chair of Contemporary Middle East Studies at the LSE) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9zGx-AjbXmU |website=Youtube |publisher=CBC News |date=17 November 2018 |access-date=19 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118083243/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9zGx-AjbXmU |archive-date=18 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 20 November 2018, Trump issued the statement "On Standing with Saudi Arabia"<ref>{{cite web|last1=Donald J. Trump|title=On Standing with Saudi Arabia|publisher=whitehouse.gov|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/statement-president-donald-j-trump-standing-saudi-arabia|date=20 November 2018|access-date=24 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120201042/https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/statement-president-donald-j-trump-standing-saudi-arabia/|archive-date=20 January 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> and without citing further evidence he denied the CIA's conclusion: "Our intelligence agencies continue to assess all information, but it could very well be that the Crown Prince had knowledge of this tragic event{{snd}} maybe he did and maybe he didn't!"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hirsh |first=Michael |date=20 November 2018 |title=What Happened to Trump's Khashoggi Report? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/11/20/what-happened-to-the-khashoggi-report-trump-talked-about/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425090128/https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/11/20/what-happened-to-the-khashoggi-report-trump-talked-about/ |archive-date=25 April 2019 |access-date=
Citing the leaked CIA assessment, ''The Wall Street Journal'' reported that Mohammed bin Salman sent at least 11 text messages in the hours before and after the assassination on 2 October to his closest adviser Saud al-Qahtani who supervised the 15-man kill-team that was sent to Istanbul, and that Qahtani was in direct communication with the team's leader in Istanbul. The assessment also noted that Mohammed bin Salman had told his agents back in August 2017 that Khashoggi could be lured to a third country, if he could not be persuaded to return to the KSA.<ref>{{cite web |last=Strobel |first=Warren |date=1 December 2018 |title=CIA Intercepts Underpin Assessment Saudi Crown Prince Targeted Khashoggi |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/cia-intercepts-underpin-assessment-saudi-crown-prince-targeted-khashoggi-1543640460 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202053424/https://www.wsj.com/articles/cia-intercepts-underpin-assessment-saudi-crown-prince-targeted-khashoggi-1543640460 |archive-date=2 December 2018 |access-date=2 December 2018 |website=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> However, the message-exchange element of the report was contested by Saudi Arabia based on a confidential Saudi-commissioned investigation conducted by the private security firm [[Kroll Inc.|Kroll]]. The investigation, which focused on a forensic examination of a cellphone belonging to Saud al-Qahtani, found that none of the messages exchanged on the day of the murder between Prince Mohammed and Mr. Qahtani concerned the murder.<ref>{{cite news |last=Strobel |first=Warren P. |date=7 February 2019 |title=Saudis: Saudi-Commissioned Report Contests U.S. Finding About Khashoggi's Killing |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-commissioned-report-contests-u-s-finding-about-journalists-killing-11549498605 |url-status=live |access-date=13 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104164833/https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-commissioned-report-contests-u-s-finding-about-journalists-killing-11549498605 |archive-date=4 November 2019}}</ref>
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In September 2019, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman appeared in an interview with the CBS "''[[60 Minutes]]''" program that was aired on 29 September 2019, denying that he had ordered the killing of Jamal Khashoggi or that he had prior knowledge about it but said that he bears all responsibility for the killing of Jamal Khashoggi because the incident took place under his watch. He also said that "once charges are proven against someone, regardless of their rank, it will be taken to court, no exception made."<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Donnell |first=Norah |date=29 November 2019 |title=Mohammad bin Salman denies ordering Khashoggi murder, but says he takes responsibility for it |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mohammad-bin-salman-denies-ordering-khashoggi-murder-but-says-he-takes-responsibility-for-it-60-minutes-2019-09-29/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002062740/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mohammad-bin-salman-denies-ordering-khashoggi-murder-but-says-he-takes-responsibility-for-it-60-minutes-2019-09-29/ |archive-date=2 October 2019 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=CBS News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/29/middleeast/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-interview/index.html|title=Mohammed bin Salman denies personal involvement in Khashoggi killing in '60 Minutes' interview but says it was carried out by Saudi officials|last=Maxouris|first=Christina|website=CNN|date=30 September 2019|access-date=30 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001182811/https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/29/middleeast/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-interview/index.html|archive-date=1 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 25 March 2020, 20 Saudi nationals were reportedly indicted by Turkish prosecutors over the killing of Khashoggi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McKernan |first=Bethan |date=25 March 2020 |title=Turkey charges 20 Saudis over Jamal Khashoggi murder |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/25/turkey-charges-20-saudis-over-jamal-khashoggi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907181548/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/25/turkey-charges-20-saudis-over-jamal-khashoggi |archive-date=7 September 2020 |access-date=8 September 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> According to the prosecutor's office in Istanbul, a royal court adviser Saud al-Qahtani, and Saudi's former deputy intelligence chief Ahmed al-Assiri were charged with inciting the murder; both had been investigated by Saudis in 2019 but acquitted or not charged.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/turkey-charges-20-saudis-over-khashoggi-murder/|title=Turkey charges 20 Saudis over Khashoggi murder|date=25 March 2020|newspaper=Times of Israel|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326162638/https://www.timesofisrael.com/turkey-charges-20-saudis-over-khashoggi-murder/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkey Charges 20 in Khashoggi Killing | Voice of America |url=https://www.voanews.com/press-freedom/turkey-charges-20-khashoggi-killing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325192743/https://www.voanews.com/press-freedom/turkey-charges-20-khashoggi-killing |archive-date=25 March 2020 |access-date=25 March 2020 |website=Voice of America|date=25 March 2020 }}</ref> The suspects are believed to have fled Turkey, while Saudi Arabia has denied the Turkish claims for all the accused to be taken back to Turkey in order to answer for their crimes.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Fraser |first=Suzan |date=25 March
=== Dismissal of US Lawsuit ===
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==Alleged perpetrators==
[[File:Asiri and MbS.png|thumb|200px|[[Ahmad Asiri (general)|Ahmad Asiri]] (right) and [[Mohammed bin Salman]] (left) in 2016]]
Al-Waqt news quoted informed sources as saying that Mohammad bin Salman had assigned Ahmad Asiri, the deputy head of the Saudi intelligence agency [[General Intelligence Presidency|Riasat Al-Mukhabarat Al-A'amah]]<ref name="saudigazette2013">{{cite news|title=Gen. Asiri named deputy head of General Intelligence; Ibrahim Al-Omar is new SAGIA chairman|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/177105/Gen-Asiri-named-deputy-head-of-General-Intelligence-Ibrahim-Al-Omar-is-new-SAGIA-chairman|access-date=13 October 2017|newspaper=Saudi Gazette|date=26 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113112753/http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/177105/Gen-Asiri-named-deputy-head-of-General-Intelligence-Ibrahim-Al-Omar-is-new-SAGIA-chairman|archive-date=13 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> and the former spokesman for the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen, with the mission to execute Khashoggi inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul. Another military officer with a great deal of experience in dealing with dissidents was the second candidate for the mission.<ref name="perps">{{cite web|url = http://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13970718000686|title = Arab Source: Khashoggi Murdered by Ex-Spokesman of Saudi-Led Coalition in War on Yemen|publisher = [[Fars News Agency]]|access-date = 10 October 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181011053539/http://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13970718000686|archive-date = 11 October 2018|url-status = dead}}</ref> On the same day, Turkish media close to the President published images of what it described as a 15-member "assassination squad" allegedly sent to kill Khashoggi, and of a black van later traveling from the Saudi consulate to the consul's home.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wieting |first1=Ayse |last2=Fraser |first2=Suzan |last3=Gambrell |first3=Jon |date=
* [[Maher Abdulaziz Mutreb]] ({{lang-ar|ماهر عبد العزيز مطرب|links=no}}) (born 1971): a former diplomat in London, was photographed with [[Mohammad bin Salman]] on trips to [[Madrid]], [[Paris]], [[Houston]], [[Boston]] and [[New York City|New York]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kirkpatrick |first1=David D. |last2=Browne |first2=Malachy |last3=Hubbard |first3=Ben |last4=Botti |first4=David |date=16 October 2018
* [[Salah Mohammed Tubaigy|Salah Mohammed al-Tubaigy]] ({{lang-ar|صلاح محمد الطبيقي|links=no}}) (born 1971): the head of the Saudi Scientific Council of Forensics.<ref name="straitstimes"/> (convicted) Sanctioned by US Treasury.<ref name="Treasury Sanctions 17" />
* Abdulaziz Mohammed al-Hawsawi ({{lang-ar|عبد العزيز محمد الهوساوي|links=no}}) (born 1987): works as one of [[Mohammed bin Salman]]'s personal bodyguards.<ref name="straitstimes"/>
* Thaer Ghaleb al-Harbi ({{lang-ar|ثائر غالب الحربي|links=no}}) (born 1979): a member of the [[Saudi Royal Guard Regiment|Saudi Royal Guard]].<ref name="straitstimes"/> Sanctioned by US Treasury.<ref name="Treasury Sanctions 17" />
* Mohammed Saad al-Zahrani ({{lang-ar|محمد سعد الزهراني|links=no}}) (born 1988): a member of the [[Saudi Royal Guard Regiment|Saudi Royal Guard]].<ref name="straitstimes"/><ref name="BBC23"/> Sanctioned by US Treasury.<ref name="Treasury Sanctions 17" />
* Meshal Saad al-Bostani ({{lang-ar|مشعل سعد البستاني|links=no}}) (born 1987, died 2018): according to ''Al Jazeera'', a [[Lieutenant#Air force rank|lieutenant]] in the [[Royal Saudi Air Force|Saudi Air Force]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Matheson |first1=Rob |title=Who are the Saudi suspects in the Khashoggi case |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGe1INeGhkU |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=17 October 2018 |access-date=20 October 2018 |archive-date=18 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518092345/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGe1INeGhkU |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Turkish media, he died in a car accident in Riyadh on return to Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lockie |first1=Alex |last2=Haltiwanger |first2=John |date=19 October 2018 |title=One of the men suspected of killing Jamal Khashoggi reportedly died in a car crash after returning to Saudi Arabia |language=en |work=Business Insider |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/khashoggi-suspect-mashal-saad-al-bostani-reportedly-dead-in-car-crash-2018-10 |url-status=live |access-date=18 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018172317/https://www.businessinsider.com/khashoggi-suspect-mashal-saad-al-bostani-reportedly-dead-in-car-crash-2018-10 |archive-date=18 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Moore |first=Mark |date=18 October 2018 |title=Saudi who arrived in Turkey day of Khashoggi disappearance dies in 'traffic accident' |work=New York Post |url=https://nypost.com/2018/10/18/saudi-who-arrived-in-turkey-day-of-khashoggi-disappearance-dies-in-traffic-accident/ |url-status=live |access-date=18 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018181319/https://nypost.com/2018/10/18/saudi-who-arrived-in-turkey-day-of-khashoggi-disappearance-dies-in-traffic-accident/ |archive-date=18 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Çelik |first=Ersin |date=
* Naif Hassan al-Arefe ({{lang-ar|نايف حسن العريفي|links=no}}) (born 1986)<ref name="aljazeera 15 Saudis">{{cite news |title=The 15 Saudis who flew to Turkey before Khashoggi's killing |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/11/15-saudis-flew-turkey-khashoggi-killing-181122144743650.html |url-status=live |access-date=23 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223162415/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/11/15-saudis-flew-turkey-khashoggi-killing-181122144743650.html |archive-date=23 December 2019}}</ref>
* Mustafa Mohammed al-Madani ({{lang-ar|مصطفى محمد المدني|links=no}}) (born 1961): Khashoggi's [[body double]] leaving the Saudi consulate by the back door, dressed in Khashoggi's clothes, a fake beard, and his glasses. The same man was seen at the [[Sultan Ahmed Mosque|Blue Mosque]], in an attempt to show that Khashoggi had left the consulate unharmed.<ref name="Tuysuz">{{cite news |last1= Tuysuz |first1=Gul |last2=Abdelaziz |first2=Salma |last3=Balkiz |first3=Ghazi |last4=Formanek |first4=Ingrid |last5=Ward |first5=Clarissa |date=23 October 2018 |title=Surveillance footage shows Saudi 'body double' in Khashoggi's clothes after he was killed, Turkish source says |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/22/middleeast/saudi-operative-jamal-khashoggi-clothes/index.html |work=CNN |location=Istanbul |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023145023/https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/22/middleeast/saudi-operative-jamal-khashoggi-clothes/index.html |archive-date=23 October 2018 |access-date=23 October 2018 }}</ref><ref name="ClarissaWard">{{cite news |last1=Ward |first1=Clarissa |title=Who are the Saudi suspects in the Khashoggi case |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41wj-5YKzkQ |publisher=CNN/Youtube |date=22 October 2018 |access-date=24 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024171328/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41wj-5YKzkQ |archive-date=24 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TheGMcKernan">{{cite web | last1=Wintour | first1=Patrick | last2=McKernan | first2=Bethan | title=CCTV footage appears to show Khashoggi body double in Istanbul | website=the Guardian | date=22 October 2018 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/22/cctv-footage-appears-to-show-jamal-khashoggi-body-double-in-istanbul | access-date=24 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023224357/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/22/cctv-footage-appears-to-show-jamal-khashoggi-body-double-in-istanbul | archive-date=23 October 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BBC23"/> Sanctioned by US Treasury.<ref name="Treasury Sanctions 17" />
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Four of these men had received paramilitary training in the United States in 2017 under a U.S. State Department contract, as was publicly revealed in 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Mazzetti|first1=Mark|last2=Barnes|first2=Julian E.|last3=LaForgia|first3=Michael|date=22 June 2021|title=Saudi Operatives Who Killed Khashoggi Received Paramilitary Training in U.S.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/22/us/politics/khashoggi-saudi-kill-team-us-training.html|access-date=25 June 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625034852/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/22/us/politics/khashoggi-saudi-kill-team-us-training.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
A top Pentagon post nominee of US President Donald Trump, Louis Bremer, was grilled on Capitol Hill by Senator [[Tim Kaine]] on 6 August 2020, over his firm Tier 1 Group's alleged involvement in the murder of Jamal Khashoggi. Reportedly, the employees of the private military contracting firm, where Bremer is a member of the board of directors, trained some of the Saudi killers charged in the assassination of Khashoggi. In 2019, [[David Ignatius]] – a ''Washington Post'' journalist – reported in one of his articles about a similar warning given by the [[CIA]] to other government agencies in the US, about Tier 1 Group employees' involvement in the Khashoggi murder case. Bremer denies having any knowledge of the allegations or allegiance of his firm's employees in the Khashoggi assassination.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ryan |first=Missy |date=7 August
== Saudi trial and convictions ==
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== Reporters sans frontières lawsuit in Germany ==
On 1 March 2021 [[Reporters sans frontières]] (RSF) filed a criminal case in the [[Federal Court of Justice]] in [[Karlsruhe]] against Crown Prince bin Salman for "[[crimes against humanity]]" in the murder of Khashoggi, additionally for the arbitrary detention of 34 journalists. RSF cited the Code of Crimes Against International Law (VStGB), under which the specified journalists are victims of multiple counts of crimes against humanity, "''including willful killing, torture, sexual violence and coercion, enforced disappearance, unlawful deprivation of physical liberty, and persecution.''"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210302-press-watchdog-rsf-files-lawsuit-against-saudi-prince-over-khashoggi|title=Press watchdog RSF files lawsuit against Saudi prince over Khashoggi|date=2 March 2021|access-date=6 March 2021|archive-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302145003/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210302-press-watchdog-rsf-files-lawsuit-against-saudi-prince-over-khashoggi|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Carter |first=Leah |date=3 February 2021
==Economic and political boycotts==
[[Uber]]'s CEO [[Dara Khosrowshahi]] made calls to boycott Saudi Arabia over the death of Khashoggi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Voytko |first=Lisette |title=Uber CEO Sparks Backlash (And Boycott) Over Jamal Khashoggi Comments |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/lisettevoytko/2019/11/11/uber-ceo-sparks-backlash-and-boycott-over-jamal-khashoggi-comments/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309183557/https://www.forbes.com/sites/lisettevoytko/2019/11/11/uber-ceo-sparks-backlash-and-boycott-over-jamal-khashoggi-comments/ |archive-date=9 March 2022 |access-date=
In October 2018, the UK and the US joined their major European partners in pulling out of a Saudi Arabia's economic forum nicknamed ''[[Future Investment Initiative Institute|Davos in the desert]]'', in response to the murder of Khashoggi.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Elgot |first1=Jessica |last2=Wintour |first2=Patrick |date=
[[WWE]] was criticized over their ''[[Crown Jewel (2018)|Crown Jewel]]'' event in Saudi Arabia and failure to boycott the country over the death of Khashoggi.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/wwe-wrestlers-rumble-in-saudi-stadium-defying-calls-for-boycott-over-khashoggi-killing/2018/11/02/22459ce4-dd40-11e8-8bac-bfe01fcdc3a6_story.html WWE wrestlers rumble in Saudi stadium, defying calls for boycott over Khashoggi killing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814232401/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/wwe-wrestlers-rumble-in-saudi-stadium-defying-calls-for-boycott-over-khashoggi-killing/2018/11/02/22459ce4-dd40-11e8-8bac-bfe01fcdc3a6_story.html |date=14 August 2022 }}, [[The Washington Post]]</ref> WWE's Chief Brand Officer, [[Stephanie McMahon]] said that "at the end of the day, it is a business decision and, like a lot of other American companies, we decided that we're going to move forward with the event and deliver Crown Jewel for all of our fans in Saudi Arabia and around the world".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wrestletalk.com/news/stephanie-mcmahon-says-going-to-saudi-arabia-was-a-tough-decision/ |title=Stephanie McMahon Says Crown Jewel Was "A Tough Decision" |date=27 October 2018 |access-date=9 March 2022 |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002030954/https://wrestletalk.com/news/stephanie-mcmahon-says-going-to-saudi-arabia-was-a-tough-decision/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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==Aftermath==
On 22 October 2018, Khashoggi's son and brother were summoned to a [[photo op]] with King Salman and the heir to the throne, at the Palace of Yamamah, in Riyadh. Salah bin Jamal Khashoggi and his uncle Sahel were received by the royals. Pictures of the event went viral, amid reports that Salah, who lives in [[Jeddah]], has been banned from leaving the country since 2017. A family friend, [[Yehia Assiri]], described the event as "a serious assault on the family".<ref>{{cite news |last=Feis |first=Aaron |url=https://nypost.com/2018/10/23/khashoggis-son-meets-with-saudi-king-and-crown-prince/ |date= 23 October 2018 |title=Khashoggi's son meets with Saudi king and crown prince |work=
==Other alleged abduction attempts==
Following Jamal Khashoggi's killing and mutilation, several other exiled Saudi activists reported that the Saudi regime attempted to lure them into their embassies.<ref name="Other Exiles1">{{Cite news |title=Saudi dissidents fear 'long arm' of state after Khashoggi murder |language=en |work=Yahoo News |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/saudi-dissidents-fear-long-arm-state-khashoggi-murder-114854780.html |url-status=dead |access-date=2 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106184437/https://www.yahoo.com/news/saudi-dissidents-fear-long-arm-state-khashoggi-murder-114854780.html |archive-date=6 November 2018}}</ref> ''[[Middle East Eye]]'' published claims from an unnamed source with knowledge of Saudi intelligence agencies that the murder is part of a larger operation of silently murdering critics of Saudi government by a death squad named "[[Tiger Squad]]", composed of the most trusted and skilled intelligence agents.
Exiled Saudi activist Omar Abdulaziz said he was approached earlier in 2018 by Saudi officials who urged him to visit the [[Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Ottawa|Saudi embassy in Ottawa]], Canada with them to collect a new passport. The Saudi activist stated that the officials from the Saudi regime
Opposition Saudi scholar [[Abdullah Alaoudh]] (son of [[Salman al-Ouda]]) said he was subjected to a similar plot when he sent in a passport renewal application to the [[Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington, D.C.|Saudi Embassy in Washington]]. Alaoudh said, "They offered me a 'temporary pass' that
In August 2020, a lawsuit filed by exiled former minister of state, [[Saad bin Khalid Al Jabry|Saad Aljabri]], alleged that members of the Tiger Squad were sent to Canada to assassinate him two weeks after Khashoggi was killed, but that they were denied entry by Canadian border security.<ref name="Star 2020">{{cite news |last=Quan |first=Douglas |date=6 August 2020 |title=Saudi hit squad was sent to Toronto to try to kill former intel official, lawsuit alleges |language=en |work=The Star |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2020/08/06/saudi-hit-squad-was-sent-to-canada-to-try-to-kill-former-intel-official-lawsuit-alleges.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807105031/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2020/08/06/saudi-hit-squad-was-sent-to-canada-to-try-to-kill-former-intel-official-lawsuit-alleges.html |archive-date=7 August 2020}}</ref><ref name="Guardian Aug 20">{{cite news |title=Saudi ex-spy suing crown prince faces fresh death threat in Canada – report |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/09/saudi-ex-spy-suing-crown-prince-faces-fresh-death-threat-in-canada-report |work=the Guardian |date=9 August 2020 |language=en |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=9 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809020632/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/09/saudi-ex-spy-suing-crown-prince-faces-fresh-death-threat-in-canada-report |url-status=live }}</ref> Additionally, Aljabri's son, Khalid, has claimed that his brother-in-law was [[Extraordinary rendition|rendered]] from Dubai to Saudi Arabia in September 2017, where he was coerced into trying to persuade his wife to attend the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul. Khalid suspects she would have been abducted had she gone there.<ref name="G&M">{{cite news |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |date=7 August 2020 |title=Former Saudi intelligence chief faces new death threat |work=Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-former-saudi-intelligence-chief-faces-new-death-threat/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808225803/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-former-saudi-intelligence-chief-faces-new-death-threat// |archive-date=8 August 2020}}</ref>
In July 2022, the United Arab
==Reactions==
{{main|Reactions to the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi}}
[[File:Protest after murder of Jamal Khashoggi.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.35|Protest in front of the Consulate General of Saudi Arabia in Istanbul following the murder of Jamal Khashoggi.]]
For 18 days, Saudi Arabian officials denied Khashoggi had died in the consulate, before indicating a team of Saudi agents had overstepped their orders to capture him when a struggle ensued leading to his death.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fraser |first1=Suzan |last2=Deeb |first2=Sarah El |last3=Press |first3=Jon Gambrell Associated |last4=October 19 |first4=Updated |title=For 1st time, Saudis say Jamal Khashoggi killed in consulate |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/world/2018/10/19/saudi-state-run-news-agency-quotes-prosecutors-saying-that-jamal-khashoggi-was-killed-saudi-consulate-fight/YUMIdTDF7KIac1zBlADi3O/story.html |work=The Boston Globe |access-date=9 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709080032/https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/world/2018/10/19/saudi-state-run-news-agency-quotes-prosecutors-saying-that-jamal-khashoggi-was-killed-saudi-consulate-fight/YUMIdTDF7KIac1zBlADi3O/story.html |archive-date=9 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Turkey's president, [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]], said he believes the killing was premeditated and approved by the Saudi government, and sought extradition of the suspects.<ref name="CNNErdogan_body">{{cite news |last1=Kirac |first1=Nimet |last2=Smith-Spark |first2=Laura |date=
Germany, Norway and Denmark<ref>{{cite web |date=22 November 2018 |title=Dänemark stoppt Waffenlieferungen an Saudi-Arabien wegen Fall Khashoggi |url=https://www.zeit.de/news/2018-11/22/daenemark-stoppt-waffenlieferungen-an-saudi-arabien-wegen-fall-khashoggi-20181122-doc-1b10bj |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122143651/https://www.zeit.de/news/2018-11/22/daenemark-stoppt-waffenlieferungen-an-saudi-arabien-wegen-fall-khashoggi-20181122-doc-1b10bj |archive-date=22 November 2018 |access-date=22 November 2018 |work=Die Zeit}}</ref> stopped the sale of arms to Saudi Arabia over the incident. Canada considered freezing its $13 billion [[General Dynamics Land Systems – Canada]] arms deal,<ref name="MEE_NorwayArms">{{cite news|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/norway-suspends-future-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-829709770|title=Norway suspends future arms exports to Saudi Arabia|date=9 November 2018|access-date=9 November 2018|website=Middle East Eye|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110120140/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/norway-suspends-future-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-829709770|archive-date=10 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> but so far has chosen to proceed with the deal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mortada |first=Dalia |date=4 March 2019 |title=Canada Set To Go Ahead With Arms Deal, Saudi Arabia Says |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/03/04/700055559/canada-set-to-go-ahead-with-arms-deal-saudi-arabia-says |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724091437/https://www.npr.org/2019/03/04/700055559/canada-set-to-go-ahead-with-arms-deal-saudi-arabia-says |archive-date=24 July 2019 |access-date=25 July 2019 |website=NPR |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.karenvecchiomp.ca/saudi_arms_export_deal_warning|title=Killing Saudi arms export deal would 'devastate' London region, says Tory MP Vecchio|last=Moss|first=Neil|date=9 January 2019|website=Hill Times, via Karen Vecchio MP|language=en|access-date=25 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725034348/https://www.karenvecchiomp.ca/saudi_arms_export_deal_warning|archive-date=25 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
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==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|Politics|Saudi Arabia}}▼
* [[Saudi Arabia–Turkey relations]]
* ''[[The Dissident]]'' – a 2020 American documentary film about the assassination of Khashoggi, directed by [[Bryan Fogel]]
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** [[Nimr al-Nimr|Sheikh Baqir al-Nimr]] – dissident cleric executed for criticism of the Saudi regime
** [[Ali Mohammed Baqir al-Nimr]], (Sheikh Baqir al-Nimr's nephew), participated in the [[2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests|protests]] during the [[Arab Spring]], arrested at the age of 17 and sentenced to death, to be carried out by beheading and crucifixion
** [[Salman al-Ouda]] – cleric in the city of Riyadh, urged the Saudi monarchy to launch democratic reforms, sentenced to death in September 2018<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Filkins |first=Dexter |date=2 November 2018
** [[Raif Badawi]] – imprisoned Saudi dissident, writer and activist
** [[Hamza Kashgari]] – pro-democracy activist and columnist imprisoned for blasphemy
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==External links==
▲{{wikisource|On Standing with Saudi Arabia|Statement from Donald J. Trump On Standing with Saudi Arabia}}
* [https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session41/Documents/A_HRC_41_CRP.1.docx Annex to the Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions: Investigation into the unlawful death of Mr. Jamal Khashoggi] (19 June 2019), [[United Nations Human Rights Council]], 41st Session (24 June – 12 July 2019)
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/jamal-khashoggi Khashoggi's columns for ''The Washington Post'']
* [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/12/how-jamal-khashoggi-disappeared-visual-guide Visual guide to Khashoggi's disappearance] on ''[[The Guardian]]''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJ44spUo8Uk Killing Jamal Khashoggi: How a Brutal Saudi Hit Job Unfolded – Visual Investigations], The New York Times (YouTube), 16 November 2018.
{{Authority control}}▼
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaeYMysnuvY The Jamal Khashoggi murder reconstructed, Al Jazeera English (YouTube), 3 April 2019]
* {{cite episode|title=The Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia|series=Frontline|series-link=Frontline (American TV program)|network=[[PBS]]|station=[[WGBH-TV|WGBH]]|date=1 October 2019|season=38|number=2|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/the-crown-prince-of-saudi-arabia/|access-date=3 October 2023}}
{{Saudi Arabia–United States relations}}
{{Turkey–United States relations}}
▲{{Portal bar|Biography|Journalism|Politics|Saudi Arabia|Turkey}}
▲{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khashoggi, Jamal}}
[[Category:2018 murders in Turkey]]▼
[[Category:2018 controversies]]
[[Category:2018 in international relations]]
[[Category:2018 in Istanbul]]
[[Category:
▲[[Category:2010s missing person cases]]
▲[[Category:2018 murders in Turkey]]
▲[[Category:Deaths by person in Europe]]
[[Category:Assassinations in Turkey]]
[[Category:Attacks on diplomatic missions in Turkey]]
[[Category:Attacks on diplomatic missions of Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:Audio evidence]]▼
[[Category:Diplomatic incidents]]
[[Category:Khashoggi family]]
[[Category:Missing person cases in Turkey]]
[[Category:Murder in Istanbul]]
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[[Category:October 2018 crimes in Europe]]
[[Category:October 2018 events in Turkey]]
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