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{{Short description|Bosnian Serb military officer and war criminal (born 1942)}}
{{pp {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox criminal
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Ratko Mladić
| native_name = {{nobold|Ратко Младић}}
| native_name_lang = sr-Cyrl
| image =
| image_size = 220px
| caption = Mladić at [[Trial of Ratko Mladić|his trial]] in
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1942|03|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Božanovići]], [[
| conviction = [[Genocide]]<br>[[War crimes]] (4 counts)<br>[[Crimes against humanity]] (5 counts)
| sentence = [[Life imprisonment]]
| party = [[Serb Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)|Serb Democratic]]<br>[[League of Communists of Yugoslavia|League of Communists]] (formerly)
| country = [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| module = {{Infobox military person
|embed=yes
| allegiance = {{ubl|[[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|SFR Yugoslavia]]|[[Republic of Serbian Krajina|Serbian Krajina]]|[[Republika Srpska (1992–95)|Republika Srpska]]}}
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** [[Siege of Kijevo]]
** [[Operation Coast-91]]
** [[Battle of Škabrnja]]
** [[Operation Tiger (1992)]]
** [[Operation Storm]]
* [[Bosnian War]]
** [[Battle of Kupres (1992)]]
** [[Operation Vrbas '92]]
** [[Operation Corridor]]
** [[Kalesija and Kamenica offensive]]
** [[Operation Cerska '93]]
** [[Operation Lukavac '93]]
** [[Operation Star '94]]
** [[1994 Goražde air strikes]]
** [[Battle of Kupres (1994)]]
** [[Operation Shield 94]]
** [[Operation Spider]]
** [[Operation Winter '94]]
** [[Siege of Sarajevo]]
** [[Siege of Goražde]]
** [[Siege of Srebrenica]]
** [[Operation Krivaja '95]]
** [[Operation Summer '95]]
** [[Operation Stupčanica '95]]
** [[Siege of Bihać (1992–95)|Siege of Bihać]]
** [[Operation Tekbir '95]]
** [[Operation Deliberate Force]]
** [[Operation Sana]]
** [[Operation Prijedor 95]]
{{tree list/end}}
| awards = {{plainlist|
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*Order of the People's Army (II)}}
}}
| children = 2
}}
'''Ratko Mladić''' ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Ратко Младић}}, {{IPA-sh|râtko mlǎːdit͡ɕ|pron}}; born 12 March 1942) is a [[Serbs
A long-time member of the [[League of Communists of Yugoslavia]], Mladić began his career in the [[Yugoslav People's Army]] (JNA) in 1965. He came to prominence in the [[Yugoslav Wars]], initially as a high-ranking officer of the Yugoslav People's Army and subsequently as the Chief of the [[General Staff of the Army of Republika Srpska|General Staff]] of the [[Army of Republika Srpska]] in the [[Bosnian War]] of 1992–1995.
In July 1996 the Trial Chamber of the ICTY, proceeding in the absence of Mladić under the ICTY's Rule 61, confirmed all counts of the original indictments, finding there were reasonable grounds to believe he had committed the alleged crimes, and issued an [[Interpol notice|international arrest warrant]]. The Serbian and United States' governments offered €5 million for information leading to Mladić's capture and arrest. Mladić nevertheless managed to remain at large for nearly sixteen years, initially sheltered by Serbian and Bosnian Serb security forces and later by family. On 26 May 2011, he was arrested in [[Lazarevo]], Serbia. His capture was considered to be one of the pre-conditions for [[Accession of Serbia to the European Union|Serbia being awarded candidate status for European Union membership]].
On 31 May 2011, Mladić was extradited to
==Early life and military career==
Mladić was born in [[Božanovići]],
His father, Neđa (1909–1945), was a member of the [[Yugoslav Partisans]]. His mother, Stana (née Lalović; 1919–2003), raised her three children; daughter Milica (born 1940), sons Ratko and Milivoje (1944–2001), by herself after the death of her husband in 1945 during World War II. Bosnia and Herzegovina was at the time part of the [[Independent State of Croatia]], a fascist puppet state led by the Croatian [[Ustaše]] between 1941 and 1945,
Upon finishing elementary school, Mladić worked in [[Sarajevo]] as a [[whitesmith]] for the Tito Company. He entered the Military Industry School in [[Zemun]] in 1961. He then went on to the KOV Military Academy and the Officers Academy thereafter. Upon graduating on 27 September 1965, Mladić began his career in the [[Yugoslav People's Army]].<ref name="nybooks1995">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1995/oct/05/the-madness-of-general-mladic |title=The Madness of General Mladic by Robert Block |magazine=The New York Review of Books |access-date=26 May 2011|last1=Block |first1=Robert }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/07/22/serbia.mladic/index.html |title=Mladic now Balkan's most wanted |publisher=CNN |access-date=26 May 2011 |date=22 July 2008}}</ref> In the same year he joined the [[League of Communists of Yugoslavia]], remaining a member until the party disintegrated in 1990.<ref name="nybooks1995"/>
Mladić began his first post as an officer in [[Skopje]] on 4 November 1965, where he was the commander of and youngest soldier in his unit. Beginning with the rank of second lieutenant in April 1968, he proved himself to be a capable officer, first commanding a platoon (May 1970), then a battalion (27 November 1974), and then a brigade. In September 1976, Mladić began his higher military education at the "Komandno-štabne akademije" in Belgrade, finishing in first place with a grade of 9.57 (out of 10).
On 25 December 1980, Mladić became a lieutenant colonel. Then, on 18 August 1986, he became a colonel, based in [[Štip]]. He finished an additional year of military education in September 1986. On 31 January 1989, he was promoted to the head of the Education Department of the Third Military District of Skopje.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/icty/transe5&18/960711IT.htm |title=International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia |publisher=UN |access-date=26 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406075119/http://www.un.org/icty/transe5%2618/960711IT.htm |archive-date=6 April 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> On 14 January 1991, he was promoted again, to Deputy Commander in [[Priština]].
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{{See also|Croatian War of Independence|Bosnian War|Bosnian Genocide}}
In June 1991, Mladić was promoted to Deputy Commander of the Priština Corps in the [[Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo]] at a time of high tension between [[Kosovo Serbs]] and Kosovo's majority [[Kosovo Albanians|Albanian]] population. That year, Mladić was given command of the 9th Corps, and led this formation against Croatian forces in [[Knin]], the capital of the self-declared [[Republic of Serbian Krajina]].<ref name=BBCProfile>{{cite news |title=Profile: Ratko Mladic |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=31 July 2008 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/1423551.stm|access-date=18 November 2008}}</ref>
On 4 October 1991, Mladić was promoted to major general. The JNA forces under his command participated in the [[Croatian War of Independence|Croatian War]], notably during [[Operation Coast-91]] in an attempt to cut off [[Dalmatia]] from the rest of [[Croatia]], which resulted in a stalemate (the Croats held the entire coastline near Zadar and Šibenik, and Serb Krajina expanded its territory in the hinterland). Among other early operations, Mladić aided [[Milan Martić]]'s militia in the 1991 [[siege of Kijevo]] and the [[battle of Zadar]].
[[File:Evstafiev-ratko-mladic-1993-w.jpg|thumb|right|Mladić during UN-mediated talks at [[Sarajevo International Airport|Sarajevo airport]], June 1993]] ▼
On 24 April 1992, Mladić was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel general. On 2 May 1992, one month after [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Hercegovina]]'s declaration of independence, Mladić and his generals blockaded the city of [[Sarajevo]], shutting off all traffic in and out of the city, as well as water and electricity. This began the four-year [[Siege of Sarajevo]], the longest siege of a city in the history of modern warfare. The city was bombarded with shells and [[Sniper Alley|sniper shooting]]. On 9 May 1992, he assumed the post of Chief of Staff/Deputy Commander of the Second Military District Headquarters of the JNA in Sarajevo. The next day, Mladić assumed the command of the Second Military District Headquarters of the JNA. On 12 May 1992, in response to Bosnia's secession from Yugoslavia, the [[Bosnian Serb Parliament]] voted to create the [[Army of Republika Srpska]] (VRS, in short). At the same time, Mladić was appointed Commander of the Main Staff of the VRS, a position he held until December 1996. During the 16th session of the Bosnian-Serb Assembly on 12 May 1992, [[Radovan Karadžić]] announced his "six strategic objectives", including "Demarcation of the state as separate from the other two national communities", "A corridor between [[Semberija]] and [[Bosanska Krajina|Krajina]]" and "Establishment of a corridor in the [[Podrinje|Drina river valley]], and the eradication of the [[Drina river]] as a border between the Serbian states." Mladić then said:
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In July 1995, troops commanded by Mladić, harried by [[Operation Deliberate Force|NATO air strikes]] intended to force compliance with a UN ultimatum to remove heavy weapons from the Sarajevo area, overran and occupied the UN "[[safe area (Bosnian War)|safe areas]]" of [[Srebrenica]] and [[Žepa]]. At Srebrenica over 40,000 [[Bosniaks]] who had sought safety there were expelled. An estimated [[Srebrenica massacre|8,300 were murdered]], on Mladić's order.<ref>"UN peacekeeping in civil wars",[https://books.google.com/books?id=QeVykay5lakC&pg=PA49 p. 49]. Retrieved 13 November 2010.</ref><ref>"The suitcase: refugee voices from..."[https://books.google.com/books?id=VJP3PkyI2Z4C&pg=PA12 p. 12]. Retrieved 13 November 2010.</ref>
On 4 August 1995, with a huge Croatian military force poised to attack the Serb-held region in central Croatia, [[Radovan Karadžić]] announced he was removing Mladić from his post and assuming personal command of the VRS himself. Karadžić blamed Mladić for the loss of two key Serb towns in western Bosnia that had recently [[Operation Mistral 2|fallen to the Croatian army]], and he used the loss of the towns as an excuse to announce his surprising changes in the command structure.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pomfret |first=John |title=In War or Peace, Serbs Perplex the West; Rift Between Leaders Adds to Confusion – and Offers Opening |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/19427075.html?dids=19427075:19427075&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113052331/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/19427075.html?dids=19427075:19427075&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 January 2012 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=1 September 1995 |quote=Earlier this month, Karadzic tried to remove Mladic from his post after his forces lost two important towns in southwest Bosnia to the Croatian army.}}</ref> Mladić was demoted to an "adviser". He refused to go quietly, claiming the support of both the Bosnian Serb military as well as the people. Karadžić countered by denouncing Mladić as a "madman" and attempting to remove his political rank, but Mladić's obvious popular support forced Karadžić to rescind his order on 11 August.<ref>[http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/special/karadzic/timeline The Hague's Most Wanted – timeline of events]. ''Southeast European Times''. (21 July 2008). Retrieved 13 November 2010.</ref> His actions during the war led to many dubbing him "The Butcher of Bosnia".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/07/16/world/dutch-court-rules-state-liable-300-srebrenica-massacre-victims|title=Dutch court rules state liable for 300 Srebrenica massacre victims|date=16 July 2014|via=Japan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2012/05/18/mladic-war-crimes-trial-halted-over-%e2%80%98irregularities%e2%80%99/|title=Mladic war crimes trial halted over 'irregularities' | Pakistan Today|website=www.pakistantoday.com.pk}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/05/26/serbia-arrests-man-believed-ratko-mladic |publisher=Fox News |title=Serbia Arrests 'Butcher of Bosnia' Ratko Mladic for Alleged War Crimes |date=26 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/2011/May/Butcher-of-Bosnia-Arrested-In-Serbia |title='Butcher of Bosnia' Arrested in Serbia |work=Christian Broadcast News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-serbia-mladic-idUSTRE74P33820110526 |work=[[Reuters]] |title=Career soldier Mladic became 'butcher of Bosnia' |date=26 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://voices.yahoo.com/radovan-karadzic-accused-serbian-war-criminal-captured-1710045.html |title=Yahoo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813113039/http://voices.yahoo.com/radovan-karadzic-accused-serbian-war-criminal-captured-1710045.html |archive-date=13 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/karadzic-bosnias-butcher-poet/story-e6frg6to-1111116989738 |first=Jamie |last=Walker |title=Radovan Karadzic: Bosnia's butcher poet |date=23 July 2008 |work=The Australian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2008/07/22/DI2008072201921.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |first=Olga |last=Kavran |title=Bosnian Serb Leader Radovan Karadzic Arrested: What Lies Ahead |date=23 July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/the-trial-of-ratko-mladic/ |title=The Trial of Ratko Mladić |website=FRONTLINE}}</ref>
Several of Mladić's conversations were recorded during the war:
{{quote box|width=90%|align=center|quote=In an intercepted conversation on 23 May 1992, Mladić told [[Fikret Abdić]] that he was ‘here for peace’, but threatened reprisal attacks if his demands were not met and stated that he would ‘order the [[Siege of Bihać (1992–95)|shelling of entire Bihać]] […] and it will burn too’. Mladić warned Abdić that ‘[t]he whole of Bosnia will burn if I start to ‘speak’’. Mladić then threatened that the Bosnian leadership, which included Abdić, caused ‘all of this’ and stated that if his demands to Abdić were not met, he would ‘not leave Sarajevo alone as long as anyone’s breathing in it’... Mladić said ‘So, we went slowly to capture these valleys and clean up that Turkish rubble’. Mladić added that he was afraid ‘the guys from down there’ would allow the refugees – whom he described as ‘Turks’ and Croats – to return, stating this was why they ‘should see what we need to do and how to do it’. In another recorded conversation between Mladić and Karadžić on the same day, Mladić stated that he had
earlier said to Professor Koljević, ‘fuck the Turks in [[Žepa]], in [[Srebrenica]], in [[Goražde]].{{sfn|ICTY|2017|pages=2251–2253}}|source=ICTY, in its verdict against Mladić.}}
▲[[File:Evstafiev-ratko-mladic-1993-w.jpg|thumb|right|Mladić during UN-mediated talks at [[Sarajevo International Airport|Sarajevo airport]], June 1993]]
On 8 November 1996, [[Biljana Plavšić]], the president of the Bosnian Serb Republic, dismissed Mladić from his post. He continued to receive a pension until November 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.balkantimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/newsbriefs/2006/01/04/nb-01|title=Serbia confirms that Mladic received pension until November|work=Balkan Times|access-date=27 July 2008}}</ref>
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[[File:ICTY.JPG|thumb|The [[International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia]] building in [[the Hague]]]]
On 24 July 1995, Mladić was indicted by the [[International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia]] (ICTY) for genocide, crimes against humanity, and numerous war crimes (including crimes relating to the alleged sniping campaign against civilians in Sarajevo). On 16 November 1995, the charges were expanded to include charges of war crimes for the attack on the UN-declared safe area of [[Srebrenica]] in July 1995.<ref name=BBCProfile/>
A fugitive from the ICTY, he was suspected to be hiding either in Serbia or in [[Republika Srpska]]. Mladić was reportedly seen attending a football match between China and Yugoslavia in Belgrade in March 2000. He entered through a VIP entrance and sat in a private box surrounded by eight armed bodyguards. There were claims that he had been seen in a suburb of Moscow, and that he "regularly" visited Thessaloniki and Athens, which raised suspicions that numerous fake reports were sent to cover his trail. Some reports said that he took refuge in his wartime bunker in [[Han Pijesak]], not far from Sarajevo, or in [[Republic of Montenegro (1992–2006)|Montenegro]].<ref name=BBCProfile/>
In early February 2006, portions of a Serbian military intelligence report were leaked to Serbian newspaper ''[[Politika]]'' which stated that Mladić had been hidden in [[Army of Republika Srpska]] and [[Military of Serbia and Montenegro|Yugoslav army]] facilities up until 1 June 2002, when the [[National Assembly of Serbia]] passed a law mandating cooperation with the [[ICTY]] in The Hague.<ref name=Telegraph /> The then-Chief General of the Yugoslav Army [[Nebojša Pavković]] requested that Mladić vacate the facility where he was staying on mountain [[Povlen]], near [[Valjevo]], after which the Serb military agencies claim to have lost all trace of him.
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[[File: Mladić Start of Trial.jpg|thumb|upright=1.14|Mladić in court, May 2012]]
Mladić was arrested on 26 May 2011 in [[Lazarevo]], northern Serbia.<ref>{{cite web|author=Interpol |url=http://www.interpol.int/public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/1995/54/1995_47754.asp |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090704041327/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/1995/54/1995_47754.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 July 2009 |title=Interpol: Wanted MLADIC, Ratko |publisher=Interpol.int |access-date=26 May 2011 }}</ref> His arrest was carried out by two dozen Serbian special police officers wearing black uniforms and masks, and not wearing any insignia. The police were accompanied by [[Security Information Agency]] and War Crimes Prosecutor's Office agents. The officers entered the village in four SUVs in the early morning hours while most residents were still asleep. They pulled up to four houses simultaneously, each owned by Mladić's relatives. Mladić was about to venture into the yard for a walk after being awakened by pain, when four officers jumped over the fence and broke into the house just as he moved toward the door, grabbing Mladić, forcing him to the floor, and demanding he identify himself. Mladić identified himself correctly, and surrendered two pistols he had been carrying. He was then taken to Belgrade.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110527/ap_on_re_eu/eu_serbia_mladic|title=Mladic could be extradited as early as Monday|publisher=Yahoo!|access-date=3 June 2011}}</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-serbia-warcrimes-idUSTRE74P24A20110526?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews Bosnian Serb fugitive Mladic arrested: family friend] Reuters, 26 May 2011</ref> Mladić was arrested in the house of his cousin Branislav Mladić, at the Vuka Karadžića st. 2.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zrenjanin.org.rs/3-45-45-1712/Ratko-Mladic-uhapsen-u-Lazarevu|title=Ratko Mladić uhapšen u Lazarevu!|publisher=Zrenjanin|access-date=26 May 2011|archive-date=6 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006205827/http://www.zrenjanin.org.rs/3-45-45-1712/Ratko-Mladic-uhapsen-u-Lazarevu|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Branislav had been identified as a possible suspect at least two months before, and had been under surveillance right up to his arrest. After some initial doubt as to the identity of the arrested, Serbian President [[Boris Tadić]] confirmed it was Mladić at a press conference and announced that the process of extraditing him to the ICTY was underway. Mladić had been using the pseudonym "Milorad Komadić" while in hiding.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7624cfca-8789-11e0-af98-00144feabdc0.html|title=Serbia confirms arrest of Ratko Mladic|last=Spiegel|first=Peter|date=26 May 2011|work=Financial Times|access-date=26 May 2011}}</ref> Mladić was not wearing a beard or any disguise. His appearance reportedly showed he had "aged considerably", and one of his arms was paralyzed due to a series of strokes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2011&mm=05&dd=26&nav_id=74562|title=Ratko Mladić arrested – details emerging|date=26 May 2011|publisher=B92|access-date=26 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528051454/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2011&mm=05&dd=26&nav_id=74562|archive-date=28 May 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Following his arrest, Mladić appeared before the Belgrade Higher Court for a hearing on whether he was fit to be extradited to The Hague. Judge Milan Dilparić suspended interrogation due to his poor health. Mladić's lawyer Miloš Šaljić said that his poor health prevented him from properly communicating. He was allegedly unable to confirm his personal data, but attempted to talk to the prosecutors on several occasions, especially to Deputy War Crimes Prosecutor Bruno Vekarić.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2011&mm=05&dd=26&nav_id=74562|title=Judge suspends interrogation due to Mladić's ill health|publisher=B92|access-date=3 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528051454/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2011&mm=05&dd=26&nav_id=74562|archive-date=28 May 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
However, the court ruled that he was fit to be extradited on 27 May. According to the Serbian Health Ministry, a team of prison doctors described his health as stable following checkups. Mladić was also visited in prison by Health Minister [[Zoran Stanković]], a former friend.<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/ratko-mladic-fit-hague-war-crimes-trial-serbian/story?id=13702775 "Ratko Mladic Fit for Hague War Crimes Trial: Serbian Court"], ''ABC News'' (US)</ref> Mladić was extradited to The Hague on 31 May 2011, and his trial formally opened in The Hague on 16 May 2012.<ref>{{cite magazine|title= Bosnia's Butcher in Court: Ratko Mladic Stands Trial for War Crimes|url= http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2114968,00.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120516184529/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2114968,00.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= 16 May 2012|magazine=Time|date=16 May 2012|access-date=16 May 2012|first=Leo|last=Cendrowicz}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=CNN|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/europe/05/31/serbia.ratko.mladic/index.html?hpt=hp_t2|title=Mladic jailed at The Hague after extradition from Serbia|access-date=31 May 2011|date=27 May 2011}}</ref> Mladić also survived a heart attack he had when in his detention unit on 23 December 2013.<ref name=mladicjune13 />
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In 2018, during the appeals process, three out of the five judges on the appeals court were removed by the [[Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals]] (MITC), because they "appear[ed] biased", considering that they had previously rendered certain conclusions linked to Mladić in other cases in The Hague.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2018/09/05/hague-tribunal-changes-judge-panel-in-mladic-case-09-05-2018/|title=Hague Tribunal Replaces 'Biased' Judges in Mladic Case|date=5 September 2018}}</ref>
In January 2019, the pre-appeals chamber partially granted a prosecution request and struck three of five motions which Mladić filed to submit new evidence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jrad.irmct.org/view.htm?r=244161&s=|title=View Document | United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals | Judicial Records and Archives Database|website=jrad.irmct.org}}</ref> On 7 June 2019, Mladić requested to have an extension in his appeals motions, which was granted.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jrad.irmct.org/view.htm?r=245343&s=|title=View Document | United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals | Judicial Records and Archives Database|website=jrad.irmct.org}}</ref> On 13 June 2019, it was announced at a status conference that Mladić was diagnosed with "harmless arrhythmia" and scheduling for the potential appeals hearings still had not started either.<ref name=mladicjune13>{{cite web|url=https://jrad.irmct.org/view.htm?r=245388&s=|title=View Document | United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals | Judicial Records and Archives Database|website=jrad.irmct.org}}</ref> On 10 July 2019, Mladić was hospitalized following a health scare, but was then discharged and transferred back to The Hague detention unit on 12 July after the illness was determined to be non-life-threatening and not a sign of increased heart problems.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics.php?yyyy=2019&mm=07&dd=12&nav_id=106996 |title=General Ratko Mladic transferred from hospital to the detention unit in Scheveningen |website=B92.net}}</ref>
The first appeal hearing was held on 25 and 26 August 2020.<ref name=firstappealshearing>[https://www.irmct.org/sites/default/files/cases/public-information/cis_mladic_en_1.pdf Case Information Sheet: Ratko Mladic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026050937/https://www.irmct.org/sites/default/files/cases/public-information/cis_mladic_en_1.pdf |date=26 October 2020 }} United Nation International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals, Accessded October 3, 2020</ref> On 3 September 2020, the five judge panel representing the MITC's Appeals Chamber voted 4–1 to reject Mladić's request for future hospitalization outside his Hague detention center.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sarajevotimes.com/the-mechanism-rejected-ratko-mladics-request-for-hospitalization/|title=The Mechanism rejected Ratko Mladic's Request for Hospitalization|publisher=Sarajevo Times|date=September 3, 2020|access-date=October 3, 2020}}</ref> On 8 June 2021, Mladić's final appeal was rejected, and his life imprisonment sentence confirmed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-57346523|title=Srebrenica massacre: UN court rejects Mladic genocide appeal|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=June 8, 2021|access-date=June 8, 2021}}</ref> He is serving his prison sentence in The Hague.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.euronews.com/2022/09/13/rakto-mladic-convicted-bosnian-serb-war-criminal-is-in-poor-health-says-his-son|title= Ratko Mladić: Convicted Bosnian Serb war criminal is in poor health, says his son |date= 13 September 2022 |publisher= Euronews|accessdate=24 February 2024}}</ref>
==Personal life==
[[File:Mural u Baru, prikaz ratnog zločinca Ratka Mladića.jpg|thumb|Stencil
Mladić and his wife Bosiljka had two children; a son named Darko and a daughter named Ana. Ana died on 24 March 1994, aged 23, in an apparent suicide. She was not married and had no children.
There were conflicting reports in various Serbian publications regarding Ana Mladić's death and the discovery of her body. Some media said that her body was found in her blood-splattered bedroom, and others claim it was found in a nearby park or in the woods near the [[Topčider]] cemetery. However, it was concluded that she had used her father's handgun, which he had been awarded at military school in his youth. There are also conflicting opinions on the reason for her suicide, with one of the more common theories being that she was under immense pressure from the general public as her father was frequently chided and scrutinized in the Serbian newspapers for his actions against civilians in Bosnia. There was another theory that stated that the reason for her suicide was the death of her boyfriend Dragan, who had been killed in the Bosnian War.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article735682.ece|title=The graveside bench that could snare most wanted war criminal|last=Wilson|first=Peter|date=28 February 2006|work=The Times |access-date=1 June 2011|location=London|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523102905/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article735682.ece |archive-date=23 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=hr&tl=en&u=https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/zasto-se-ubila-kci-ratka-mladica-uzela-je-ocev-pistolj-a-godinu-dana-kasnije-dogodila-se-srebrenica/915032/|title=Google Translate|website=translate.google.com|date=19 October 2013}}</ref> Historian [[Jože Pirjevec]] supports this theory, writing that she killed herself to punish her father for sending her boyfriend to fight on the
==References==
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==Further reading==
*BOŽOVIĆ, MARIJETA, BOGDAN TRIFUNOVIĆ, and ALEKSANDAR BOŠKOVIĆ. "The arrest of Ratko Mladić online: Tracing memory models across digital genres." ''Digital Icons: Studies in Russian, Eurasian and Central European New Media'' 12 (2014): 77–104. [https://www.academia.edu/download/35918681/DI12_4_Bozovic.pdf online]{{dead link|date=July
*Dojčinović, Predrag. "In the mind of the crime: Proving the mens rea of genocidal intent in the words of Ratko Mladić and other members of the joint criminal enterprise." ''Propaganda and International Criminal Law'' ( Routledge, 2019) pp.
*Flanery, Brady. "An Analysis of the Ratko Mladic Trial and the Struggle to Reach a Guilty Verdict for Perpetrators of Genocide." ''Indonesian journal of international & comparative law''. 7 (2020): 75+.
*Fournet, Caroline. "‘Face to face with horror’: The Tomašica mass grave and the trial of Ratko Mladić." ''Human Remains and Violence: An Interdisciplinary Journal'' 6.2 (2020): 23–41. [https://www.manchesteropenhive.com/view/journals/hrv/6/2/article-p23.xml online]
*Mulaj, Klejda. "Genocide and the ending of war: Meaning, remembrance and denial in Srebrenica, Bosnia." ''Crime, Law and Social Change'' 68.1–2 (2017): 123–143. [https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10871/27475/KM_Srebrenica_8_May_2017_Clean_Copy.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y online]
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==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote|Ratko Mladić}}
* [http://www.icty.org/case/mladic/4 Mladić (IT-09-92)] at icty.org
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[[Category:Military personnel of the Bosnian War]]
[[Category:Military personnel of the Croatian War of Independence]]
[[Category:Serbian generals]]
[[Category:Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
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