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{{Short description|Non-electric music created through acoustics}}
{{redirect|Acoustic Songs|the EP by Real Friends|Real Friends (band)}}{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}{{cleanup AfD|Acoustic music (2nd nomination)|date=June 2014}}
{{Redirect|International Acoustic Music Awards |IAMA|IAMA (disambiguation){{!}}IAMA}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2012}}
{{Infobox music genre
| image = Guitar 1.jpg▼
| name = Acoustic music
| caption = A Spanish guitar▼
| bgcolor = goldenrod
| color = white
| other_names =
▲| image = Guitar 1.jpg
▲| caption = A Spanish guitar
| stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[Folk music|Folk]]}}
| cultural_origins = Ancient
| instruments = {{hlist|[[Acoustic guitar]]}}
| other_topics = {{hlist|[[Folk rock]]|[[soft rock]]}}▼
| derivatives =
| subgenres =
▲| other_topics = {{hlist|[[Folk rock]]|[[soft rock]]}}
}}
{{Portal|Music}}
 
'''Acoustic music''' is music that solely or primarily uses [[Musical instrument|instruments]] that produce sound through [[Musical acoustics|acoustic]] means, as opposed to [[Electric instrument|electric]] or [[Electronic music|electronic]] means; typically the phrase refers to that made by acoustic [[string instrument]]s. While all music was once acoustic, the [[retronym]] "acoustic music" appeared after the advent of electric instruments, such as the [[electric guitar]], [[electric violin]], [[Electronic organ|electric organ]] and [[synthesizer]].{{sfn|Safire|2007}} Acoustic string instrumentations had long been a subset of [[popular music]], particularly in [[folk music|folk]]. It stood in contrast to various other types of music in various eras, including [[big band music]] in the [[Traditional pop|pre-rock]] era, and electric music in the rock era.
 
Music reviewer Craig Conley suggests, "When music is labeled acoustic, unplugged, or unwired, the assumption seems to be that other types of music are ''cluttered'' by [[Audio technology|technology]] and [[Overproduction (music)|overproduction]] and therefore aren't as ''pure''"."<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.splendidezine.com/reviews/aug-16-99/unwired.html|title= Review: ''Unwired: Acoustic Music from around the World''|accessdateaccess-date=November 17, 2008|last= Conley| first = Craig|date= August 16, 1999|publisher = ''Splendid''| archiveurlarchive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081225091421/http://www.splendidezine.com/reviews/aug-16-99/unwired.html| archivedatearchive-date=December 25, 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurlurl-status= nolive}}</ref>
 
== Types of acoustic instruments ==
Acoustic instruments can be split into six groups: [[String instrument|string instruments]], [[Wind instrument|wind instruments]], [[Percussion instrument|percussion]], other instruments, ensemble instruments, and unclassified instruments.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://musicbrainz.org/instruments |title=Instrument List}}</ref> String- instrumentsMusicBrainz have a tightly stretched string, that, when set in motion creates energy at (almost) harmonically related frequencies. Wind instruments are in the shape of a pipe and energy is supplied as an air stream into the pipe. Percussion instruments make sound when they are struck, as with a hand or a stick.<ref>{{cite web|url=httphttps://artsitesmusicbrainz.ucsc.eduorg/EMS/music/tech_background/te-13/teces_13instruments |website=musicbrainz.htmlorg |titleaccess-date=Acoustic3 InstrumentsJanuary 2022}}</ref>
 
String instruments have a tightly stretched string that, when set in motion, creates energy at (almost) harmonically related frequencies.
== Recording ==
The term may designate a recording cut with a stylus activated directly (through a diaphragm) by sound waves rather than by electronic impulses.
 
Wind instruments are in the shape of a pipe and energy is supplied as an air stream into the pipe.
== History ==▼
It was first applied to recordings in the early 1930s (electric recordings were first made in 1925), and to instruments in the mid-1960s, in response to the widespread use in commercial folk and pop music of electric guitars and other electronically amplified instruments. Used of a room, it indicates that room's acoustical characteristics.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Carr|first1=Bruce|date=20 January 2001|title=Acoustic (term)}}</ref>
 
Percussion instruments make sound when they are struck, as with a hand or a stick.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Elsea |first1=Peter |title=Acoustic Instruments |url=http://artsites.ucsc.edu/EMS/music/tech_background/te-13/teces_13.html |website=artsites.ucsc.edu |publisher=University of California, Santa Cruz |access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref>
The original acoustic instrument was the human voice, which produces sound by funneling air across the [[vocal cords]]. The first constructed acoustic instrument is believed to be the flute. The oldest surviving flute is as much as 43,000 years old. The flute is believed to have originated in [[Central Europe]].<ref>Iain Morley, "The Evolutionary Origins and Archaeology of Music", PhD diss. (Cambridge: Darwin College, Cambridge University, 2003): 47–48.</ref> [[Moors]] brought the [[oud]] into Europe during the [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|Moorish invasion of Spain]] in the 8th century AD. These two instruments enabled rapid development in the acoustic instrument realm throughout the Renaissance.{{Citation needed|date=May 2019}} By 1800, the most popular acoustic plucked-string instruments closely resembled the modern day guitar, but with a smaller body. As the century continued, [[luthier]] [[Antonio de Torres Jurado]] from Spain took these smaller instruments and expanded the bodies to create guitars. Guitar use and popularity grew throughout the 19th century and more acoustic instruments were crafted, such as the [[double bass]]. As electric instruments took hold during the 20th century, many stringed instruments were redefined as acoustic. Instruments that involve striking or vibrating the strings, such as the violin, viola and cello, fall under the acoustic category. The violin became popular during the 16th and 17th centuries, due to technological advancements in building them, brought on by luthiers such as [[Antonio Stradivari]] and [[Andrea Amati]]. The modern version of the instrument developed gradually from older European acoustic stringed instruments such as the lira.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rosenberg|first=E. S.|date=2006-09-01|title=National Geographic: Remembering Pearl Harbor, http://plasma.nationalgeographic.com/pearlharbor/. Created by Nationalgeographic .com, Washington, D.C., and Second Story Interactive Studios, Portland, Ore. Maintained by Nationalgeographic.com. Reviewed March 1-7, 2006|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4486400|journal=Journal of American History|volume=93|issue=2|pages=626–627|doi=10.2307/4486400|issn=0021-8723}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=May 2019}}<!--Is this some sort of prank? There is nothing even remotely to do with musical instruments in this article.-->
 
▲== History ==
The original acoustic instrument was the [[human voice]], which produces sound by funneling air across the [[vocal cords]]. The first constructed acoustic instrument is believed to be the [[flute]]. The oldest surviving flute is as much as 43,000 years old. The flute is believed to have originated in [[Central Europe]].<ref>Iain Morley, "The Evolutionary Origins and Archaeology of Music", PhD diss. (Cambridge: Darwin College, Cambridge University, 2003): 47–48.</ref>
 
By 1800, the most popular acoustic [[Plucked string instrument|plucked-string instruments]] closely resembled the modern-day guitar, but with a smaller body. As the century continued, Spanish luthier [[Antonio de Torres Jurado]] took these smaller instruments and expanded the bodies to create guitars. Guitar use and popularity grew in Europe throughout the late 18th century<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2016-06-16|title=Early Southern Guitar Sounds: A Brief History of the Guitar and Its Travel South|url=https://music.si.edu/story/early-southern-guitar-sounds-brief-history-guitar-and-its-travel-south|access-date=2020-11-10|website=Smithsonian Music|language=en}}</ref> and more acoustic instruments were crafted, such as the [[double bass]]. Its popularity later spread to cities and towns in the new United States.<ref name=":0" /> In the 19th century, the guitar became a recognized instrument played in grand galas and concerts.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The History of the Classical Guitar {{!}} Guitarras Alhambra|url=https://www.alhambraguitarras.com/en/the-history-of-the-classical-guitar|access-date=2020-11-10|website=www.alhambraguitarras.com|language=en}}</ref>
 
As electric instruments took hold during the 20th century, many stringed instruments were redefined as acoustic. Instruments that involve striking or vibrating the strings, such as the [[violin]], [[viola]] and [[cello]], fall under the acoustic category. The violin became popular during the 16th and 17th centuries, due to [[Innovation|technological advancements]] in building them, brought on by [[luthier]]s such as [[Antonio Stradivari]] and [[Andrea Amati]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-22|title=Italian musical masters took the violin from fiddle to first chair|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2019/01-02/invention-of-musical-string-instrument-violin/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215095226/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2019/01-02/invention-of-musical-string-instrument-violin/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 15, 2020|access-date=2020-11-10|website=History Magazine|language=en}}</ref> The modern version of the instrument developed gradually from older European acoustic stringed instruments such as the [[Lira (Ukrainian instrument)|lira]].{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
 
{{Anchor|Acoustic rock}}
Following the birth of [[Rock music|rock]] in the 1960s, some rock bands began to experiment with acoustic songs. This would be known as '''acoustic rock''', and many well-known artists such as [[Eric Clapton]] and [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]] performed acoustic versions of their well-known songs in the early 1990s, which were collected on the [[MTV Unplugged]] series.
 
{{Anchor|Acoustic pop}}
[[Pop music|Pop]] music artists have also experimented with acoustic music as well, with this variant sometimes being called '''acoustic pop'''. Like acoustic rock, some acoustic pop songs have also made their way to MTV Unplugged as well. Some notable acoustic pop songs include "[[True (Ryan Cabrera song)|True]]" by [[Ryan Cabrera]] and "[[Exile (song)|Exile]]" by [[Taylor Swift]] featuring [[Bon Iver]].
 
By the 2000s, popular indie musicians began to identify their genre as "contemporary acoustic", in opposition to being classified as "folk music". Daniel Trilling wrote, "Folk is a word that strikes fear into the hearts of many aspiring pop musicians. Not only does it conjure up images of the terminally naff — woolly jumpers, beards, and so on — but it is also the journalist's catch-all term for legions of singer-songwriters too bland to merit a better definition."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Trilling |first1=Daniel |title=That naughty "f" word: these days "contemporary acoustic music" is all the rage--just don't call it folk, writes Daniel Trilling |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T003&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsType=SingleTab&hitCount=159&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=4&docId=GALE%7CA158725661&docType=Article&sort=Relevance&contentSegment=ZNEW-FullText&prodId=STND&pageNum=1&contentSet=GALE%7CA158725661&searchId=R1&userGroupName=nysl_ce_ocpl&inPS=true |access-date=27 July 2021 |issue=4826 |publisher=New Statesman |date=January 8, 2007}}</ref>
 
Some music interest groups in the United States use the term "acoustic music" alongside the genres of folk and [[Americana (music)|Americana]] music, like the Ogden Friends of Acoustic Music.<ref>{{cite web |title=OFOAM - Ogden Friends of Acoustic Music - Home |url=https://ofoam.org/ |website=ofoam.org |access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref>
 
The International Acoustic Music Awards<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iama |date=2018-06-04 |title=IAMA (International Acoustic Music Awards) |url=https://inacoustic.com/ |access-date=2023-06-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> hosts an annual competition for original songs. Their rules state that a song can be considered acoustic as long as an acoustic instrument, including voices, can be clearly heard.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rules and Regulations |url=https://inacoustic.com/rules-prizes/ |publisher=IAMA (International Acoustic Music Awards) |access-date=3 January 2022 |date=4 June 2018}}</ref>
 
Acoustic music is often easier for business owners to host because there is less need for amplification and the level of volume is less intrusive. In June 2021, the city of [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], allowed small businesses to host acoustic concerts without applying for a live entertainment permit.<ref name="Cambridge">{{cite web |title=Cambridge City Policy Ordge #119 |url=https://cambridgema.iqm2.com/Citizens/Detail_LegiFile.aspx?Frame=&MeetingID=2807&MediaPosition=&ID=14211&CssClass= |website=Cambridgema.gov |access-date=28 July 2021}}</ref> Cambridge defined an acoustic performance as having no [[Instrument amplifier|amplification]] of sound except for one [[microphone]], and having no more than five acoustic performers or musicians at a single venue at one time.<ref name="Cambridge"/>
 
== References ==
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==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Randel|first=Don Michael|title=The Harvard Dictionary of Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=02rFSecPhEsC&pg=PA289|year=2003|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-01163-2}}
* {{cite journal|last=Safire|first=William|title=On Language: Retronym|journal=New York Times Magazine|issue=January 7|year=2007|ppage=18|ref=harv}}
 
== External links ==
*[http://www.inacoustic.com/ International Acoustic Music Awards]
 
{{Folk music}}
 
[[Category:20th century in music]]
[[Category:Instrumental music]]
[[Category:Acoustics]]
[[Category:Music genres]]
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