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{{Short description|none}}
'''Human rights in Europe''' are generally upheld. However, several human rights infringements exist, ranging from the treatment of [[asylum seekers]]<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.amnesty.eu/en/press-releases/all-0565/|title=Asylum-seekers aren't criminals|date=7 May 2012|location=Brussels|access-date=28 May 2012|publisher=Amnesty International|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602221839/http://www.amnesty.eu/en/press-releases/all-0565/|archive-date=2 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> to [[police brutality]]. The 2012 [[Amnesty International]] Annual Report points to problems in several European countries.<ref name=2012-report>{{cite press release|url=http://www.amnesty.eu/content/assets/AIR12-Report-English.pdf|publisher=Amnesty International|title=Amnesty International Annual Report 2012|access-date=2012-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064833/http://www.amnesty.eu/content/assets/AIR12-Report-English.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> One of the most accused is [[Belarus]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dynamic.csw.org.uk/country.asp?s=gi&urn=Belarus|title=Belarus|publisher=Christian Solidarity Worldwide}}</ref> the only country in Europe that, according to ''The Economist'', has an [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian government]]. All other European countries are considered to have "some form of democratic government", having either the "full democracy", "flawed democracy", or a "[[hybrid regime]]".<ref name="economist.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/DEMOCRACY_INDEX_2007_v3.pdf|newspaper=The Economist; Democracy Index |title=The Economist Intelligence Unit's index of democracy|first=Laza|last=Kekic}}</ref>
Unlike its member states, the [[European Union]] itself
== History ==
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* 15th to 19th centuries: [[African slave trade]]
* 1505: ''[[Nihil novi]]'' in Poland forbids peasant from leaving their lands without permission from their [[feudal lord]]
* 1525: [[Twelve Articles]] of Memmingen, Bavaria, Germany
* 1529: [[Statutes of Lithuania]]
* 1550–1551: [[Bartolomé de las Casas]] debates [[Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda]] on human rights ([[Valladolid debate]])
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* 1650–1660: Jesuit priest [[António Vieira]] fights for the human rights of the [[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|indigenous population]] of [[Brazil]] and obtains royal decrees against their enslavement
* 1689: The [[English Bill of Rights]] is established
* 1689: The [[Claim of Right Act 1689
* 1690: ''[[The Second Treatise of Civil Government]]'' by [[John Locke]]
* 1750–1860: The [[Inclosure Act]] is passed by the United Kingdom Parliament, enclosing [[common land]] and assigning private property rights to lands which formerly had not been private▼
* 1772: British court ruling by [[William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield]] sets a [[precedent]] that [[slavery]] had no basis in law
▲*
* 1781: [[Serfdom]] is abolished in the [[Habsburg]] countries through the emperor [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]] ( [[Bohemia]], [[Moravia]] and Austrian Silesia)
* 1783:
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* 1789: The [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]] is introduced in France
* 1790: ''[[Rights of Man]]'' by [[Thomas Paine]]
* 1792: Denmark made [[Atlantic slave trade|transatlantic slave]] trade illegal but the prohibition
* 1794:
** France abolishes slavery
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* 1802: France re-introduces slavery
* 1804: The [[Napoleonic Code]] forbids privileges based on birth, establishes freedom of religion, and specifies a [[meritocracy|meritocratic system]] for government jobs
* 1807: Britain abolishes the [[History of slavery|slave trade]] (but not of slavery itself)
* 1810: [[Prussia]] abolishes serfdom
* 1832: The British [[Reform Act 1832
* 1833: Britain abolishes slavery
* 1845: Another United Kingdom
* 1848: France abolishes slavery
* 1859: ''[[On Liberty]]'' by [[John Stuart Mill]]
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* 1863: The [[Netherlands]] abolishes slavery
* 1867: Britain's [[Reform Act 1867|Second Reform Act]] extends voting rights to all urban male homeowners
* 1884: The British [[Representation of the People Act 1884
* 1906: [[Finland]] is the first European country to introduce [[universal suffrage]] in national elections
* 1917: Finland extends universal suffrage to local elections
* 1918: Another British [[Representation of the People Act 1918
* 1933–1945: [[The Holocaust]]
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===== Armenia =====
{{main|Human rights in Armenia}}
[[2008 Armenian presidential election protests|A series of mass protests]] were held in [[Armenia]] in the wake of the [[2008 Armenian presidential election|Armenian presidential election]] of 19 February 2008. Mass protests against alleged electoral fraud were held in the capital city of [[Yerevan]] and organised by supporters of the unsuccessful presidential candidate and first President of Armenia, [[Levon Ter-Petrosyan]]. After nine days of peaceful protests at the Opera Square, the national police and military forces tried to disperse the protesters on 1 March.<ref name="COEReportMar20">[https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1265025&Site=CommDH&BackColorInternet=FEC65B&BackColorIntranet=FEC65B&BackColorLogged=FFC679 "Report by the Commissioner for Human Rights, Mr Thomas Hammarberg, on his special mission to Armenia, 12 – 15 march 2008"], Council of Europe, March 20, 2008.</ref> The protests began on
===== Belarus =====
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===== Russia =====
{{main|Human rights in Russia}}
Russia has partaken in some questionable acts, such as replacing elected governors with appointed ones and [[Censorship in Russia|censoring the press]], claiming many of these measures are needed to maintain control over its volatile [[Caucasus]] border, where several rebel groups are based. ''The Economist''`s [[Democracy Index]] classified Russia as a "hybrid regime" in 2007
Russia was downgraded to an [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] regime, which the report attributes to concerns over the [[2011 Russian legislative election|
==== Former Yugoslavian states ====
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* [[European Court of Human Rights]]
* [[Council of Europe]]
* [[Environmental racism in Europe]]
* [[Human rights in Asia]]
* [[Human rights in East Asia]]
* [[Human rights in the Soviet Union]]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Human Rights In Europe}}
[[Category:Human rights in Europe| ]]
[[Category:Human rights by
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