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{{Short description|Occitan dialect of central and southern France}}
{{Missing|example texts and phonology|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Auvergnat
|nativename=
|states=[[France]]
|map =
|region=[[Auvergne (region)|Auvergne]], [[Puy-de-Dôme]], [[Haute-Loire]], [[Allier]], [[Cantal]], Communities in [[Limousin]]
|speakers=80,000
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|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2=[[Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3=[[
|fam4=[[
|fam5=[[
|fam6=[[
|fam7=[[
|fam8=[[Gallo-Romance languages|Gallo-Romance]]
|fam9=[[Occitano-Romance languages|Occitano-Romance]]
|fam10=[[Occitan language|Occitan]]
|iso3=auv
|iso3comment=(retired); subsumed in {{code|oci}}
|ietf = {{wikidata|property|references|P305}}
|glotto=auve1239
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}}
'''{{lang|fr|Auvergnat}}''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|oʊ|v|ɛ|r|n|ˈ|j|ɑː}})<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Auvergnat}}</ref> or '''
Currently, research shows that there is not really a true Auvergnat dialect but rather a vast northern Occitan linguistic area.
The word "Auvergnat" is above all a local historiographical creation.<ref>Jean Roux ([[Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3]]),''Huit siècles de littérature occitane en Auvergne et Velay'', éditions EMCC, [[Lyon]], 2015 (ISBN 978-2-357405-09-7).</ref><ref>Jean Roux ([[Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3]]), ''L'auvergnat de poche'', [[Assimil]], coll. « Assimil évasion », [[Chennevières-sur-Marne]], 2002, 246 p. (ISBN 2-7005-0319-8), (ISSN 1281-7554), (BNF 38860579)</ref> According to [[Linguistics|linguist]] Jean Roux, "It is by simplification that we use this term, because in no case Auvergnat can be considered as an autonomous linguistic entity".<ref>Jean Roux, 2002. French text : "''C'est par simplification que l'on utilise ce vocable, car en aucun cas l'auvergnat ne peut être considéré comme une entité linguistique autonome''."</ref>
With around 80,000 speakers in the Auvergne region at the beginning of the 21st century, it is considered to be severely [[Endangered language|endangered]].
== Classification ==
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== History ==
Several [[troubadour]]s were from the Auvergne, including [[Castelloza]], [[Dalfi d'Alvernhe]], the [[Monje de Montaudon]], the [[Vesques de Clarmon]], [[Peire d'Alvernhe]], [[Peire Rogier]] and [[Pons de Capduelh]]. They did not, however, compose in the Auvergnat dialect, but in the standard literary register of [[Old Occitan]].<ref>Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, ''The Troubadours: An Introduction'' (Cambridge University Press, 1999).</ref>
Official documents in Auvergnat become common around 1340 and continue to be found down to 1540, when the transition to French was complete. The high point for the use of Auvergnat as an official language was between 1380 and 1480.<ref>Philippe Olivier, ''Dictionnaire d'ancien occitan auvergnat: Mauriacois et Sanflorain (1340–1540)'' (De Gruyter, 2009), pp. xiii–xiv.</ref> There is a [[passion play]], ''Passion d'Auvergne'', first performed in [[Montferrand (district of Clermont-Ferrand)|Montferrand]] in 1477, that is written mainly in French but which contains an Auvergnat section of 66 lines. Auvergnat had been replaced by French in official usage in the Montferrand already in 1388. French had also supplanted Auvergnat as the language of the upper classes, but it remained the language of rural communities.<ref>Wendy Pfeffer, [https://books.google.com/books?id=YphJC8yTP-QC&pg=PA131 "The Passion of Occitan"], in Anna Klosowska and Valerie Wilhite (eds.), ''Glossator: Practice and Theory of the Commentary'', Vol. 4: Occitan Poetry (2011), pp. 131–38.</ref>
==Geographical distribution==
[[Image:
[[Image:Termieras de l'auvernhat.png|thumb|300px|Auvergnat dialect historiographical boundaries]]
[[Image:Delimitacion de l'auvernhat.png|thumb|300px|Auvergnat dialect delimitation]]
[[Image:Bec supradialectal.jpg|thumb|300px|Arverno-Mediteraneù Occitan linguistic group]]
[[Image:Alheras.jpg|thumb|300px|Arverno-Lemosin dialect (Jacques Allières researches)]]
The effective borders of Auvergnat do not completely coincide with those of the current Region of Auvergne or the historical region of Auvergne but can be described as follows:
* The entire [[département]] of the [[Puy-de-Dôme]]
* a large section of the département of [[Cantal]], largely
* The larger portion of the [[Haute-Loire]] aside{{?}} Yssingeaux which speaks [[Vivaro-Alpine]]
* the southern half of [[Allier]], or the Bourbonnais province, near [[Montluçon]] and [[Vichy]], with the northern half toward Moulins traditionally speaking French.
* The communities of Noirétable and La Chamba in the western side of the département of [[Loire (department)|Loire]].
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====Definition boundaries====
These are not characteristic of Auvergnat as a whole but allow for defining a boundary:
* 5 and 6: These match the Core Auvergnat, according to Pierre Bonnaud. They may be used for the western boundary of Auvergnat. Area 5 has the pronunciation [jaR] of ''èr'' (around [ɛR]), area 6 has the palatalisation of 'cl
* 7: Southeastern boundary has an opposition between ''dreita'' and ''drecha''
* 8: This is for the southern boundary: the plural of ''braç'' has the same pronunciation than the singular; only the article allows differentiation.
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* Andrée Homette
* Karl-Heinz Reichel
* Jean Roux ([https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03264341/document PhD thesis online, 2020]).
* Henri-Antoine Verdier, ''Mémoires d'un papi auvergnat'', text in Auvergnat dialect and French, 2000.
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* Louis Delhostal (1877–1933)
* Faucon, ''La Henriade de Voltaire, mise en vers burlesques par Faucon'', Riom; 1798; ''Le Conte des deux perdrix''
* Roy Gelles, ''Le Tirage'', poem, Clermont, 1836; ''Le Maire compétent'', Clermont, 1841
* Camille Gandilhon, ''Gens d'Armes''
* Ravel, ''La Paysade'', epic poem
* Joan de Cabanas
== Songwriters ==
Songwriters using Auvergnat:
* [[Joseph Canteloube]] ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEnTJNKd2Po ''Chants D'Auvergne'': Vol. IV, No. 6: Lou Coucut online, 2017])
==See also==
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{{Romance languages}}
{{Languages of France}}
{{Occitano-Romance languages and dialects}}
{{Authority control}}
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