Wikipedia

Vilbrun Guillaume Sam: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Reverted good faith edits by 72.43.169.106 (talk): Unsourced edits disrupting narrative flow
m replacing {{IPA-fr| → {{IPA|fr| (deprecated template)
(37 intermediate revisions by 24 users not shown)
Line 8:
| smallimage =
| caption =
| order = 24th
| office =[[List of heads of state of Haiti|24th]] [[President of Haiti]]
| term_start =25 February 1915
| term_end =28 July 1915
Line 23:
| birth_name =Jean Simon Guillaume
| birth_date ={{birth date|df=yes|1859|3|4}}
| birth_place =[[Ouanaminthe]], [[Haiti]]
| death_date ={{death date and age|df=yes|1915|7|28|1859|3|4}}
| death_place =[[Port-au-Prince]], Haiti
Line 41:
}}
 
'''Jean Vilbrun Guillaume Sam''' ({{IPA|fr|ʒɑ̃ vilbʁœ̃ ɡijom sam}}; 4 March 1859 – 28 July 1915) was [[List of Presidents of Haïti|President]] of [[Haiti]] from 4 March to1915 27until Julyhis 1915assassination months later. He was athe cousinson of [[Tirésias Simon Sam]], Haiti's president from 1896 to 1902.
 
==PresidencyCareer==
Sam was the commander of Haiti's Northern Division when he led the revolt thatwhich brought President [[Cincinnatus Leconte]] to power.
He later headed the revolt thatwhich toppled President [[Oreste Zamor]].
On 25 February 1915 Sam was proclaimed president when his predecessor, [[Joseph Davilmar Théodore]], was forced to resign on 25 February 1915, whenbecause he was unable to pay the militiamen, (calledknown as the "[[Cacos" (military group)|Cacos]]", who had helped him overthrow Zamor.{{cn|date=June 2022}}
 
As theHaiti's fifth president in five turbulent years, Sam was forced to contend with a revolt against his own regime, led by Dr. [[Rosalvo Bobo]], who opposed the government's expanded commercial and strategic ties with the [[United States]]. Fearing that he would share the same fate as his predecessors, Sam acted harshly against his political opponents, particularly the better -educated and wealthier [[mulatto]] population. The culmination of his repressive measures came onOn 27 July 1915, whenhis herepression orderedculminated in his ordering the execution of 167 political prisoners,prisoners—including including[[Oreste Zamor|former president Zamor]], who was being held in a [[Port-au-Prince]] jail. This infuriated the populationHaitian people, whichwho rose up against Sam's government as soon as news of thethese executions reached them.
 
==Assassination==
Sam fled to the French embassy, where he received asylum. The rebels' mulatto leaders broke into the embassy and found Sam. They dragged him out and beat him senseless, and then threw his limp body over the embassy's iron fence to the waiting populace, who then ripped his body to pieces and paraded the parts through the capital's neighborhoods. For the next two weeks, the country was in chaos.
 
News of the murder soon reached the [[United States Navy|American Navy]] ships anchored in the city's harbor. President [[Woodrow Wilson]], who was wary about the turn of events in Haiti, and especially the possibility that Bobo would take power, [[United States occupation of Haiti|ordered American troops to seize the capital]], claiming that the unrest might precipitate a [[German Empire|German]] invasion of the country. They landed the next day, on 28 July, and continued to occupy the country for nineteen years, until August 1934.▼
 
==Legacy==
▲For the next two weeks, the country was in chaos. News of the murder soon reached the [[United States Navy|American Navy]] ships anchored in the city's harbor. President [[Woodrow Wilson]], who was wary about the turn of events in Haiti, and especially the possibility that Bobo would take power, [[United States occupation of Haiti|ordered American troops to seize the capital]], claiming that the unrest might precipitate a [[German Empire|German]] invasion of the country. They landed the next day, on 28 July 1915, and continued to occupy the country for nineteen years, until August 1934.
*His chief of police Charles Oscar Etienne, who cleaned out the jails by executing his political opponents, inspired the boogeymen Haitian carnival disguises known as "Chaloska".▼
 
▲*HisSam's chief of police, [[Charles Oscar Etienne (Chaloska)|Charles Oscar Étienne]], who cleaned out the jails by executing his political opponents, inspired the boogeymen Haitian carnival disguises known as "Chaloska".{{cn|date=June 2022}}
 
==In fictionliterature and the arts==
[[Eugene O'Neill]] stated that Sam was the inspiration for his 1920 play ''[[The Emperor Jones]].''<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wi3ws_31MvAC&q=emperor+jones+sam&pg=PA154|title=Critical Companion to Eugene O'Neill: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work|first=Robert M.|last=Dowling|date=4 March 2018|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9781438108728|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|jstor=2929605|title=Black Power on Stage: Emperor Jones and King Christophe|first=Ruby|last=Cohn|date=4 March 1971|journal=Yale French Studies|issue=46|pages=41–47|doi=10.2307/2929605}}</ref>
 
Line 70 ⟶ 73:
[[Category:1859 births]]
[[Category:1915 deaths]]
[[Category:1915 murders in North America]]
[[Category:Presidents of Haiti]]
[[Category:Children of presidents of Haiti]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Haiti)]]
[[Category:Assassinated Haitian politicians]]
Line 76 ⟶ 81:
[[Category:Deaths by beating]]
[[Category:People of the Banana Wars]]
[[Category:Politicians assassinated in the 1910s]]
[[Category:Assassinated presidents in North America]]
[[Category:Politicide perpetrators]]
[[Category:National presidents assassinated in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Lynching deaths]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilbrun_Guillaume_Sam"