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{{short description|King of England from 1413 to 1422}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}▼
{{Use British English|date=October 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
▲{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Henry V
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| succession = [[King of England]]
| moretext = [[Styles of English sovereigns|(more...)]]
| reign = {{nowrap|21 March 1413
| coronation = 9 April 1413
| predecessor = [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]]
| successor = [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]]
| birth_date = 16 September 1386
| birth_place = [[Monmouth Castle]], Wales
| death_date = 31 August 1422 (aged 35)
| death_place = [[Château de Vincennes]], [[Kingdom of France]]
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| mother = [[Mary de Bohun]]
| signature = HenryVSig.svg
| succession1 = [[
| reign-type1 = Regency
| reign1 = {{nowrap|21 May 1420
| pre-type1 = Monarch
| predecessor1 = [[Charles VI of France|Charles VI]]
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}}
'''Henry V''' (<!-- Please don't change the birthdate to August and/or 1387. 16 September 1386 is agreed upon by modern sources. Any additions are welcome in the talk page. -->16 September 1386
In 1415, Henry followed in the wake of his great-grandfather, [[
Analyses of Henry's reign are varied. According to [[Charles Ross (historian)|Charles Ross]], he was widely praised for his personal [[piety]], bravery, and military genius; Henry was admired even by contemporary French chroniclers
== Early life ==
=== Birth and family ===
Henry was born in the tower above the gatehouse of [[Monmouth Castle]] in
Upon the exile of Henry's father in 1398, Richard II took the boy into his own charge and treated him kindly.<ref name=EB1911/> The young Henry accompanied Richard to Ireland. While in the royal service, he visited [[Trim Castle]] in [[County Meath]], the ancient meeting place of the [[Parliament of Ireland]].
[[File:Illumination of Henry IV (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Henry's father, [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]]]]
In 1399, John of Gaunt died. In the same year, King Richard II was overthrown by the [[House of Lancaster|Lancastrian]] usurpation that brought Henry's father to the throne, and Henry was recalled from Ireland into prominence as [[heir apparent]] to the [[Kingdom of England]]. He was created [[Prince of Wales]] at his father's coronation and [[Duke of Lancaster]] on 10 November 1399, the third person to hold the title that year. His other titles were [[Duke of Cornwall]], [[Earl of Chester]] and [[Duke of Aquitaine]]. A contemporary record notes that in 1399, Henry spent time at [[The Queen's College, Oxford]], under the care of his uncle [[Henry Beaufort]], the chancellor of the university.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Salter |first1=H. E. |title=A History of the County of Oxford |last2=Lobe |first2=Mary D. |year=1954 |series=[[Victoria County History]] |volume=3 |pages=132–143 |chapter=The University of Oxford}}</ref> During this time, due to taking a liking to both literature and music, he learned to read and write in the [[Middle English|vernacular]]; this made him the first English King that was educated in this regard.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry V {{!}} Biography, Facts, Wife, & Significance {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-V-king-of-England |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=
== Early military career and role in Government ==
From 1400 to 1404, he carried out the duties of [[High Sheriff of Cornwall]]. During that time, Henry was also in command of part of the English forces. He led his own army into Wales against [[Owain Glyndŵr]] and joined forces with his father to fight [[Henry "Hotspur" Percy]] at the [[Battle of Shrewsbury]] in 1403.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Harriss |first=Gerald Leslie |title=Shaping the Nation: England 1360–1461 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2005 |isbn=0-1982-2816-3 |location=Oxford, England |page=532 |author-link=Gerald Leslie Harriss}}</ref> It was there that the 16-year-old prince was almost killed by an arrow in his left cheekbone. An ordinary soldier might have died from such a wound, but Henry had the benefit of the best possible care. Over a period of several days, [[John Bradmore]], the royal physician, treated the wound with [[honey]] to act as an [[antiseptic]], crafted a tool to screw into the embedded arrowhead ([[bodkin point]]) and thus extract it without doing further damage, and flushed the wound with alcohol.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s982-bufjh8 |title=Henry V arrowhead removal {{!}} Medieval Surgery |access-date=2024-04-06 |via=youtube.com}}</ref> The operation was successful, but it left Henry with permanent scars
The [[Glyndŵr
▲The [[Glyndŵr Rising|Welsh revolt of Owain Glyndŵr]] absorbed Henry's energies until 1408. Then, as a result of the king's ill health, Henry began to take a wider share in politics. From January 1410, helped by his uncles Henry and [[Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter|Thomas Beaufort]], legitimised sons of John of Gaunt, he had practical control of the government.<ref name=EB1911/> Both in foreign and domestic policy he differed from the king, who discharged his son from the council in November 1411. The quarrel between father and son was political only, though it is probable that the Beauforts had discussed the abdication of Henry IV. Their opponents certainly endeavoured to defame Prince Henry.<ref name=EB1911/>
[[File:Henry V noble 1413 74001322.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|A gold [[Noble (English coin)|noble]] coin of Henry V]]
It may be that the tradition of Henry's riotous youth, immortalised by [[Shakespeare]], is partly due to political enmity. Henry's record of involvement in war and politics, even in his youth, disproves this tradition. The most famous incident, his quarrel with the chief justice, has no contemporary authority and was first related by Sir [[Thomas Elyot]] in 1531.<ref name=EB1911/><ref name="Weis1998">{{Cite book |
The story of [[Falstaff]] originated in Henry's early friendship with Sir [[John Oldcastle]], a supporter of the [[Lollards]]. Shakespeare's Falstaff was originally named "Oldcastle", following his main source, ''[[The Famous Victories of Henry V]]''. Oldcastle's descendants objected, and the name was changed (the character became a composite of several real persons, including Sir [[John Fastolf]]). That friendship, and the prince's political opposition to [[Thomas Arundel]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], perhaps encouraged Lollard hopes. If so, their disappointment may account for the statements of ecclesiastical writers like [[Thomas Walsingham]] that Henry, on becoming king, was suddenly changed into a new man.<ref name=EB1911/><ref>{{Cite book |
== Reign (1413–1422) ==
=== Accession ===
[[File:King Henry V from NPG.jpg|thumb|Later portrait of Henry, late 16th or early 17th century]]
After Henry IV died on 20 March 1413, Henry V succeeded him and was crowned on 9 April 1413 at [[Westminster Abbey]]. The ceremony was marked by a terrible snowstorm, but the common people were undecided as to whether it was a good or bad omen.<ref>{{Citation |contribution=1413 |title=TimeRef |type=History timelines |url=http://www.btinternet.com/~timeref/hsttime5.htm |access-date=27 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505213152/http://www.btinternet.com/~timeref/hsttime5.htm |archive-date=5 May 2009
| === Domestic affairs ===
Henry tackled all of the domestic policies together and gradually built on them a wider policy. From the first, he made it clear that he would rule England as the head of a united nation. He let past differences be forgotten—the late Richard II was honourably re-interred; the young [[Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March]], was taken into favour; the heirs of those who had suffered under the last reign were restored gradually to their titles and estates. Yet, where Henry saw a grave domestic danger, he acted firmly and ruthlessly, such as during the [[Oldcastle Revolt|Lollard discontent]] in January 1414 and including the execution by burning of Henry's old friend, Sir John Oldcastle, in 1417 to "nip the movement in the bud" and make his own position as ruler secure.<ref name=EB1911/>
[[File:English chancery hand 1418.png|thumb|English [[Middle English#Chancery Standard|chancery hand]]. Facsimile of a letter from Henry, 1418.]]
Henry's reign was generally free from serious trouble at home. The exception was the [[Southampton Plot]] in favour of Mortimer,<ref name=EB1911/> involving [[Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham|Henry, Baron Scrope]], and [[Richard, Earl of Cambridge]] (grandfather of the future [[King Edward IV]]), in July 1415. Mortimer himself remained loyal to the King.
Starting in August 1417, Henry promoted the use of the English language in government<ref>{{cite book |last=Fisher |date=1996 |first=J. |title=The Emergence of Standard English |url=https://archive.org/details/emergencestandar00fish |url-access=limited |page=[https://archive.org/details/emergencestandar00fish/page/n32 22] |publisher=The [[University Press of Kentucky]] |place=[[Lexington, KY]] |isbn=978-0-8131-0852-0 |author-link=John Hurt Fisher }}</ref> and his reign marks the appearance of [[Chancery Standard]] English as well as the adoption of English as the language of record within government. He was the first king to use English in his personal correspondence since the [[Norman Conquest]] 350 years earlier.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Harriss |date=1985 |editor-first=G. L. |title=Henry V: The Practice of Kingship |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=46 |editor-link=G. L. Harriss }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | last = Mugglestone | first = Lydia | title = The Oxford History of English |
=== War in France ===
==== Dispute with France ====
Henry could now turn his attention to foreign affairs. A writer of the next generation was the first to allege that Henry was encouraged by ecclesiastical statesmen to enter into the French war as a means of diverting attention from home troubles. This story seems to have no foundation. Old commercial disputes and the support the French had lent to [[Owain Glyndŵr]] were used as an excuse for war, while the disordered state of France afforded no security for peace.<ref name=EB1911/> King [[Charles VI of France]] was prone to [[List of mental disorders|mental illness]]; at times he thought he was made of glass, and his eldest surviving son, [[Louis, Duke of Guyenne
Henry may have regarded the assertion of his own claims as part of his royal duty, but a permanent settlement of the national debate was essential to the success of his foreign policy. Following the instability back in England during the reign of King [[
and France were largely peaceful and so they were during his father's reign as well. But in 1415, hostilities were renewed between the two nations, and though Henry had a claim to the French throne, through his great–grandfather King Edward III by [[Isabella of France|his mother's]] side, the French ultimately rejected this claim as its nobles pointed out that under the [[Salic law]] of the [[Franks]], women were forbidden from inheriting the throne. Thus the throne went to a distant male relative of a cadet branch of the [[House of Capet]], [[Philip VI of France]], resulting in the Hundred Years' War beginning in 1337. Wanting to claim the [[
==== 1415 campaign ====
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[[File:Ratification du Traité de Troyes 1 - Archives Nationales - AE-III-254.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The ratification of the [[Treaty of Troyes]] between Henry and Charles VI of France, [[Archives Nationales (France)]]]]
On 12 August 1415, Henry sailed for France, where his forces [[Siege of Harfleur|besieged the fortress]] at [[Harfleur]], capturing it on 22 September. Afterwards, he decided to march with his army across the French countryside toward [[Calais]] against the warnings of his council.<ref name="barker">{{cite book |last=Barker |date=2005 |first=J. |title=Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle That Made England |url={{google books |W2jTtdISwMMC |plainurl=yes}} |place=London |page=220 |author-link=Juliet Barker
During the battle,<ref>{{Cite book
| The victorious conclusion of Agincourt, from the English viewpoint, was only the first step in the campaign to recover the French possessions that Henry felt belonged to the English crown. Agincourt also held out the promise that Henry's pretensions to the French throne might be realized. After the victory, Henry marched to Calais and besieged the city until it fell soon afterwards, and the king returned in triumph to England in November and received a hero's welcome. The brewing nationalistic sentiment among the English people was so great that contemporary writers describe firsthand how Henry was welcomed with triumphal pageantry into London upon his return. These accounts also describe how Henry was greeted by elaborate displays and with choirs following his passage to [[St.Paul's Cathedral]].<ref
[[File:Battle of Agincourt, St. Alban's Chronicle by Thomas Walsingham.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Battle of Agincourt]] as depicted in the 15th-century 'St Albans Chronicle' by [[Thomas Walsingham]].]]▼
Most importantly, the victory at Agincourt inspired and boosted the English morale, while it caused a heavy blow to the French as it further aided the English in their conquest of [[Normandy]] and much of northern France by 1419. The French, especially the nobility, who by this stage were weakened and exhausted by the disaster, began quarrelling and fighting among themselves. This quarrelling also led to a division in the French aristocracy and caused a rift in the [[French royal family]], leading to infighting. By 1420, a treaty was signed between Henry V and Charles VI of France, known as the [[Treaty of Troyes]], which acknowledged Henry as regent and heir to the [[French throne]] and also married Henry to Charles's daughter [[Catherine of Valois]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Agincourt | title=Battle of Agincourt | Facts, Summary, & Significance | Britannica | date=18 October 2023 }}</ref>▼
▲[[File:Battle of Agincourt, St. Alban's Chronicle by Thomas Walsingham.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Battle of Agincourt]] as depicted in the 15th
====Diplomacy====▼
▲Most importantly, the victory at Agincourt inspired and boosted the English morale, while it caused a heavy blow to the French as it further aided the English in their conquest of [[Normandy]] and much of northern France by 1419. The French, especially the nobility, who by this stage were weakened and exhausted by the disaster, began quarrelling and fighting among themselves. This quarrelling also led to a division in the French aristocracy and caused a rift in the [[French royal family]], leading to infighting. By 1420, a treaty was signed between Henry V and Charles VI of France, known as the [[Treaty of Troyes]], which acknowledged Henry as regent and heir to the [[French throne]] and also married Henry to Charles's daughter [[Catherine of Valois]].<ref
▲==== Diplomacy ====
[[File:Pisanello 024b.jpg|thumb|left|180px|[[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor]]]]
Following the [[Battle of Agincourt]], [[King Sigismund of Hungary]] (later [[Holy Roman Emperor]]) made a visit to Henry in hopes of making peace between England and France. His goal was to persuade Henry to modify his demands against the French. Henry lavishly entertained him and even had him enrolled in the [[Order of the Garter]]. Sigismund, in turn, inducted Henry into the [[Order of the Dragon]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rezachevici |first=Constantin |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Elizabeth |title=From the Order of the Dragon to Dracula |journal=Journal of Dracula Studies |volume=1 |publisher=Memorial University of Newfoundland |location=St John's, NL, Canada |year=1999 |url=http://www.blooferland.com/drc/index.php?title=Journal_of_Dracula_Studies |access-date=18 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414210504/http://www.blooferland.com/drc/index.php?title=Journal_of_Dracula_Studies |archive-date=14 April 2008}}</ref> Henry had intended to [[crusade]] for the order after uniting the English and French thrones, but he died before fulfilling his plans.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mowat |first=Robert Balmain |url=https://archive.org/details/henryvillustrate00mowauoft |title=Henry V |publisher=John Constable |year=1919 |isbn=1-4067-6713-1 |location=London |pages=https://archive.org/details/henryvillustrate00mowauoft/page/176 176] |author-link=Robert Mowat}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Harvey |first=John Hooper |title=The Plantagenets |publisher=Collins |year=1967 |location=London |author-link=John Harvey (architectural historian)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Seward |first=Desmond |title=The hundred years war: The English in France 1337–1453 |publisher=Penguin Books |year=1999 |isbn=0-14-028361-7 |location=Harmondsworth, England |author-link=Desmond Seward}}</ref> Sigismund left England several months later, having signed the [[Treaty of Canterbury (1416)|Treaty of Canterbury]] acknowledging English claims to France.
Command of the sea was secured by driving the [[Genoa|Genoese]] allies of the French out of the [[English Channel]].<ref name=EB1911/> While Henry was occupied with peace negotiations in 1416, a French and Genoese fleet surrounded the harbour at the English-garrisoned Harfleur. A French land force also besieged the town. In March 1416 a raiding force of soldiers under the Earl of Dorset, Thomas Beaufort, was attacked and narrowly escaped defeat at the [[Battle of Valmont]] after a counterattack by the garrison of Harfleur. To relieve the town, Henry sent his brother, [[John, Duke of Bedford]], who raised a fleet and set sail from [[Beachy Head]] on 14 August. The Franco-Genoese fleet was defeated the following day after the gruelling seven-hour Battle of the Seine<ref>{{cite web |last=Trowbridge |first=Benjamin |title=The Battle of the Seine: Henry V's unknown naval triumph |date=9 August 2016 |url=https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/battle-seine-henry-vs-unknown-naval-triumph/ |website=The National Archives |access-date=12 July 2020}}</ref> and Harfleur was relieved. Diplomacy successfully detached Emperor Sigismund from supporting France, and the Treaty of
=== 1417–1421 campaigns ===
[[File:Marriage of henry and Catherine.jpg|thumb|Late-15th
With those two potential enemies gone, and after two years of patient preparation following the Battle of Agincourt, Henry renewed the war on a larger scale in 1417. After [[Siege of Caen (1417)|taking Caen]], he quickly conquered Lower Normandy and [[Rouen]] was cut off from Paris and besieged. [[Siege of Rouen (1418-1419)|This siege]] has cast an even darker shadow on the reputation of the king adding to the loss of honor following his order to slay the French prisoners at Agincourt. The leaders of Rouen, who were unable to support and feed the women and children of the town, forced them out through the gates believing that Henry would allow them to pass through his army unmolested. However, Henry refused to allow this, and the expelled women and children died of starvation in the ditches surrounding the town. The French were paralysed by the [[
In January 1419, Rouen fell.<ref name=EB1911/> Those Norman French who had resisted were severely punished: [[Alain Blanchard]], who had hanged English prisoners from the walls of Rouen, was summarily executed; Robert de Livet, [[Rouen Cathedral|Canon of Rouen]], who had [[excommunicated]] the English king, was packed off to England and imprisoned for five years.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kingsford |date=1901 |first=C. |title=Henry V: The Typical Mediæval Hero |url=https://archive.org/details/henryvtypicalmed00kinguoft |publisher=GP Putnam's Sons |author-link=Charles Lethbridge Kingsford
By August, the English were outside the walls of Paris. The intrigues of the French parties culminated in the [[assassination of John the Fearless]], [[Duke of Burgundy]], by the [[Dauphin of France|Dauphin]] [[Charles VII of France|Charles]]'s partisans at [[Montereau-Fault-Yonne]] on 10 September. [[Philip the Good]], the new duke, and the French court threw themselves into Henry's arms. After six months of negotiation, the [[Treaty of Troyes]] recognised Henry as the heir and regent of France.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911 |last=Kingsford |first=Charles Lethbridge |display=Henry V. |volume=13 |pages=284–285 |wstitle=Henry V. of England |author-link=Charles Lethbridge Kingsford |inline=1}}</ref> On 2 June 1420 at [[Troyes Cathedral]], Henry married Catherine, daughter of Charles VI. They had only one son, [[Henry VI of England|Henry]], born on 6 December 1421 at [[Windsor Castle]]. From June to July 1420, Henry V's army besieged and took the military fortress castle at Montereau-Fault-Yonne close to Paris. He besieged and captured [[Melun]] in November 1420, returning to England shortly thereafter. In 1428, Charles VII retook Montereau, only to
While Henry was in England, his brother Thomas, Duke of Clarence, led the English forces in France. On 22 March 1421, Thomas led the English to a disastrous defeat at the [[Battle of Baugé]] against a Franco-Scottish army. The duke was killed in the battle. On 10 June, Henry sailed back to France to retrieve the situation. It was to be his last military campaign. From July to August, Henry's forces besieged and captured [[Dreux]], thus relieving allied forces at [[Chartres]]. On 6 October, his forces [[Siege of Meaux|laid siege]] to [[Meaux]], capturing it on 11 May 1422.
== Death ==
{{Original research section|date=June 2023}}
Henry V died on 31 August 1422 at the [[Château de Vincennes]].<ref name="weir" /> The commonly held view is that Henry V contracted [[dysentery]] in the period just after the Siege of Meaux, which ended on 9 May 1422. However, the symptoms and severity of dysentery present themselves fairly quickly and he seems to have been healthy in the weeks following the siege. At the time, speculative causes of his illness also included [[smallpox]], the bacterial infection [[erysipelas]] and even [[leprosy]]. But there is no doubt he had contracted a serious illness sometime between May and June. Recovering at the castle of Vincennes, by the end of June it seems he was well enough to lead his forces with the intent of engaging the Dauphinist forces at [[Cosne-sur-Loire]]. At the outset, he would have been riding in full armour, probably in blistering heat, as the summer of 1422 was extremely hot. He was struck down again, with a debilitating fever, possibly [[heatstroke]], or a relapse of his previous illness. Whatever the cause or causes, he would not recover from this final bout of illness. For a few short weeks he was carried around in a litter, and his enemies having retreated, he decided to return to Paris. One story has him trying, one last time, to mount a horse at [[Charenton-le-Pont|Charenton]] and failing. He was taken back to Vincennes, around 10 August, where he died some weeks later. He was 35 years old and had reigned for nine years. Shortly before his death, Henry V named his brother, [[John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford|John, Duke of Bedford]], regent of France in the name of his son, Henry VI of England, then only a few months old. Henry V did not live to be crowned King of France himself, as he might confidently have expected after the Treaty of Troyes, because Charles VI, to whom he had been named heir, survived him by two months.▼
▲Henry V died on 31 August 1422 at the [[Château de Vincennes]] to the east of Paris.<ref name="weir" /> The commonly held view is that Henry V contracted [[dysentery]] in the period just after the Siege of Meaux, which ended on 9 May 1422. However, the symptoms and severity of dysentery present themselves fairly quickly and he seems to have been healthy in the weeks following the siege. At the time, speculative causes of his illness also included [[smallpox]], the bacterial infection [[erysipelas]] and even [[leprosy]]. But there is no doubt he had contracted a serious illness sometime between May and June. Recovering at the castle of Vincennes, by the end of June it seems he was well enough to lead his forces with the intent of engaging the Dauphinist forces at [[Cosne-sur-Loire]]. At the outset, he would have been riding in full armour, probably in blistering heat, as the summer of 1422 was extremely hot. He was struck down again, with a debilitating fever, possibly [[heatstroke]]
Henry's comrade-in-arms and [[Lord Steward]], [[John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley]], brought Henry's body back to England and bore the [[royal standard]] at his funeral.<ref>{{Citation | last = Wilson | first = Derek | year = 2005 | title = The Uncrowned Kings of England: The Black History of the Dudleys and the Tudor Throne | publisher = Carroll & Graf | isbn = 0-7867-1469-7}}.</ref> Henry V was buried in Westminster Abbey on 7 November 1422.<ref name="weir">{{cite book |last=Weir |first=Alison |title=Britain's Royal Family |year=2008 |isbn=9780099539735 |page=130 |publisher=Vintage |author-link=Alison Weir}}</ref> ▼
▲Henry's comrade-in-arms and [[Lord Steward]], [[John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley]], brought Henry's body back to England and bore the [[royal standard]] at his funeral.<ref>{{Citation |
==Legacy==▼
▲== Legacy ==
=== Political ===
[[File:Interior of Canterbury Cathedral JC 13.JPG|thumb|A statue of Henry V on the interior of the [[Canterbury Cathedral]]]]
Henry V's death at thirty-five years of age was a political and dynastic turning point for both the kingdoms of England and France. The [[House of Lancaster|Lancastrian]] ruler had been set to rule both realms after [[Charles VI of France|Charles VI]]'s death
=== Reputation ===
Henry V is not only remembered for his military prowess but also for his architectural patronage. He commissioned the building of King's College Chapel and [[Eton College Chapel]], and although some of his building works were discontinued after his death, others were continued by his son and successor Henry VI. He also contributed to the founding of the monastery of the [[Syon Abbey]], completed by Henry VI during his lifetime. In the 16th century the monastery was demolished as a result of the growing movement of the [[English Reformation]] during the reign of King [[Henry VIII]]. Henry V further contributed to the church, as he was forced to put down an
=== In popular culture ===
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==== In literature ====
[[File:Lewis Waller as Henry V.jpg|thumb|[[Lewis Waller]] as Henry V in play [[Henry V (play)|Henry V]] by [[William Shakespeare]]]]
Henry V was often a figure of literary imagination and romantic interpretations, often used as a traditional character of a morally great king in the works of many writers, playwrights and dramatists. This is notably so in his depiction in ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]],'' a play largely based on the life of Henry V by William Shakespeare. This and other plays about Richard II, Henry V's father Henry IV and son Henry VI are known as the ''[[Henriad]]'' in Shakespearean scholarship. It depicts the king as a pious but cunning ruler who ventured on a campaign to France to become heir to the French throne. This largely acquainted audiences and the wider population with the king's reign and his character as a whole.
In the other depictions of Henry V in literature, he is a character in [[William Kenrick (writer)|William Kenrick]]'s sequel to Shakespeare's ''[[Henry IV, Part 2]]'', known as ''[[Falstaff's Wedding]]''. In the play, Henry plays a minor role. In [[Georgette Heyer]]'s ''[[Simon the Coldheart]]'' Henry also appears as a minor character. In other works, Henry V is the main character such as in ''[[Good King Harry]]'' by [[Denise Giardina]]. He is also a minor character in ''[[Azincourt (novel)|Azincourt]]'' by [[Bernard Cornwell]].
==== In film and television ====
Henry V has been depicted in many historical films and operas such as [[Laurence Olivier]]'s 1944 film ''[[Henry V (1944 film)|Henry V]]'' played by Olivier himself, for which he was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Actor]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Henry-V-film-by-Olivier |title=Henry V | film by Olivier [1944] | Britannica}}</ref> Henry also appears in the 1935 film ''[[Royal Cavalcade]]'', in which he was played by actor [[Matheson Lang]]. Henry is played by [[Kenneth Branagh]] in the 1989 film ''[[Henry V (1989 film)|Henry V]]'', for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor, [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], and the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role]].<ref>{{cite web
==== In comics and video games ====
Henry V is a character in the comic series ''The Hammer Man'' in the BBC comic strip ''[[The Victor (comics)|The Victor]]'' featuring him as the commander of the hero, Chell Paddock. King Henry V is a character in the video game
== Arms ==▼
▲Henry V is a character in the comic series ''The Hammer Man'' in the BBC comic strip ''[[The Victor (comics)|The Victor]]'' featuring him as the commander of the hero, Chell Paddock. King Henry V is a character in the video game ''[[Bladestorm: The Hundred Years' War]]'' and also in the ''[[Age of Empires II: The Conquerors]]'' in which he was featured as a [[paladin]].
Henry's [[Coat of arms of the Prince of Wales|arms as Prince of Wales]] were [[Royal arms of England|those of the kingdom]], [[Cadency|differenced]] by a [[label (heraldry)|label]] [[argent]] of three points.<ref>{{cite web |
▲==Arms==
▲Henry's [[Coat of arms of the Prince of Wales|arms as Prince of Wales]] were [[Royal arms of England|those of the kingdom]], [[Cadency|differenced]] by a [[label (heraldry)|label]] [[argent]] of three points.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/cadency.htm| title = Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family}}</ref> Upon his accession, he inherited the use of the arms of the kingdom undifferenced.
{{Gallery|align=center|width=200|height=200
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|File:Coat of Arms of Henry IV & V of England (1413-1422).svg|Royal achievement as king}}
== Marriage ==
After his father became king, Henry was created Prince of Wales. It was suggested that Henry should marry the widow of Richard II, [[Isabella of Valois]], but this had been refused. After this, negotiations took place for his marriage to [[
During the following years, marriage had apparently assumed a lower priority until the conclusion of the Treaty of Troyes in 1420 when Henry V was named heir to Charles VI of France and provided in marriage to Charles's daughter Catherine of Valois, younger sister of Isabella of Valois.<ref name="weir"/> Her dowry, upon the agreement between the two kingdoms, was 600,000 [[Écu|crowns]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fraser |first1=Antonia |url=https://archive.org/details/warsofroses00chee/page/40 |title=A Royal History of England – The Wars of the Roses I |date=2000 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0520228023 |location=Los Angeles & Berkeley |page=[https://archive.org/details/warsofroses00chee/page/40 40] |author-link=Antonia Fraser}}</ref> Together the couple had one child, Henry, born in late 1421.<ref name="weir"/> Upon Henry V's death in 1422, the infant prince became King Henry VI of England.<ref name="weir"/>
== Ancestry and family ==
=== Descent ===
{{ahnentafel
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{{Lancaster and Leicester family tree}}
== See also ==
{{div col|colwidth=28em}}
* [[Dafydd Gam]]
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{{div col end}}
== Footnotes ==
=== Bibliography ===
{{Reflist}}
== Further reading ==
=== Sources ===
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite book |last=Allmand |first=Christopher |title=Henry V |date=2013 |publisher=[[Historical Association]] |edition=revised |series=Association Pamphlets, General Series |volume=68 |location=London |author-link=Christopher Allmand |orig-year=1968}}
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* {{Cite book |last=Earle |first=Peter |url=https://archive.org/details/lifetimesofhenry0000earl |title=The Life and Times of Henry V |date=1972 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |isbn=978-0-297-99428-2 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hutchinson |first=Harold Frederick |title=Henry V: A Biography |date=1967 |publisher=[[Eyre & Spottiswoode]] |location=London}}
* {{cite DNB |last=Kingsford |first=Charles |display=Henry V (1387–1422) |volume=26 |wstitle=Henry V |author-link=Charles Lethbridge Kingsford
*: {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924027928047 |title=The First English Life of King Henry the Fifth |date=1911 |publisher=Clarendon Press |editor-last=Kingsford |editor-first=Charles |editor-mask=2 |location=Oxford |hdl=2027/yale.39002004659539 |orig-year=1513}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mortimer |first=Ian |url={{google books|SPW5xwL9XwMC|plainurl=yes}} |title=1415: Henry V's Year of Glory |date=2009 |publisher=The Bodley Head |isbn=978-0-224-07992-1 |location=London |author-link=Ian Mortimer (historian)}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Muir Wilson |first=I. M. U. |date=1922 |title=Henry V of England in France, 1415–1422 |journal=[[The Scottish Historical Review]] |volume=20 |issue=77 |pages=34–48 |jstor=25519493}}
* {{Cite book |last=Pollard |first=A. J. (Anthony James) |title=Henry V |date=3 February 2014 |publisher=The History Press |isbn=978-0-7524-9763-1 |location=[[Stroud]] |author-link=A. J. Pollard}}
* {{Citation |title=Henry V |date=1879 |work=[[
* {{Cite book |last=Seward |first= Desmond |title=Henry V as Warlord |date=1987 |location=[[Harmondsworth]] |author-link=Desmond Seward}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Wylie |first1=James H. |url=https://archive.org/details/reignofhenryfift01wyliuoft |title=The Reign of Henry V |last2=Waugh |first2=William Templeton |date=1914–1929 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |author-link=James Hamilton Wylie |name-list-style=amp}}
{{Refend}}
== External links ==
{{wikisource author}}
{{commons category}}
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* {{citation |title=Henry V |type=biography |publisher=Archontology |access-date=28 November 2009 |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/king_england/henry5.php}}
* {{citation |title=Henry V |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/henry_v_king.shtml |website=BBC History}}
* {{Citation |
* {{citation |title=Henry V Biography |website=Who2 |url=https://www.who2.com/bio/henry-v/}}
* {{citation |last=Fernandez-Armesto |date=17 February 2011 |first=Felipe |
* {{Citation |
* BBC Radio 4 Great Lives on Henry V
* {{NPG name|name=King Henry V}}
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{{s-aft|after=[[Thomas Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel|The Earl of Arundel]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{English, Scottish and British monarchs}}
{{Princes of Wales}}{{Hundred Years' War}}{{Dukes of Cornwall}}
{{Dukes of Lancaster}}
{{Henriad}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Henry 05 Of England}}
[[Category:Henry V of England| ]]
[[Category:1386 births]]
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[[Category:15th-century English nobility]]
[[Category:15th-century English monarchs]]
[[Category:Alumni of
[[Category:Burials at Westminster Abbey]]
[[Category:Children of Henry IV of England]]
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