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== Federal districts ==
{{ See alsoMain|Federal districts of Russia}} ▼
[[File:Map of Russian districts.svg|thumb|400px|The eight federal districts of Russia]]
The federal districts are groupings of the [[federal subjects of Russia|federal subjects]] of [[Russia]]. Federal districts are not mentioned in the nation's constitution, do not have competences of their own, and do not manage regional affairs. They exist solely to monitor consistency between the federal and regional bodies of law, and ensure governmental control over the civil service, judiciary, and federal agencies operating in the regions.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Russell|first=Martin |url= https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2015/569035/EPRS_IDA(2015)569035_EN.pdf |title=Russia's constitutional structure|journal=[[European Parliamentary Research Service]] |publisher=[[European Parliament]]|date=October 2015|access-date=3 November 2021|isbn=978-92-823-8022-2 |doi=10.2861/664907}}</ref> The federal district system was established on 13 May 2000.
==Federal subjects==
{{Main|Federal subjects of Russia}}
▲{{See also|Federal districts of Russia}}
[[File:Russian Regions-EN.svg|thumb|300px|Federal subjects of Russia prior to the additions of six occupied Ukrainian regions in 2014 and 2022]]
Since 30 September 2022, the [[Russia|Russian Federation]] has consisted of eighty-nine federal subjects that are constituent members of the Federation.<ref name="Constitution65">Constitution, Article 65</ref> However, six of these federal subjects—the [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Republic of Crimea]], the [[Donetsk People's Republic]], the [[Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast|Kherson Oblast]], the [[Luhansk People's Republic|Lugansk People's Republic]], the [[federal cities of Russia|federal city]] of [[Sevastopol]], and the [[Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast|Zaporozhye Oblast]]—are internationally recognized as part of [[Ukraine]]. All federal subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]] ([[upper house]] of the [[Federal Assembly of Russia|Federal Assembly]]). They do, however, differ in the degree of [[autonomy]] they enjoy.
De jure, excluding the occupied Ukrainian territories, there are 6 types of federal subjects—21 [[republics of Russia|republics]], 9 [[krais of Russia|krais]], 46 [[oblasts of Russia|oblasts]], 2 [[federal cities of Russia|federal cities]], 1 [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast|autonomous oblast]], and 4 [[autonomous okrugs of Russia|autonomous okrugs]].
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| image1 = Map of Russian districts, 2018-11-04 (2014–2022, Crimea disputed).svg
| caption1 = Federal districts of Russia
| image2 = Map of Russia - Economic regions.svg
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