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The '''Prince of Wales's feathers''' are the [[heraldic badge]] of the [[Prince of Wales]], the heir to the British throne. The badge consists of three white ostrich [[feather]]s encircled by a gold [[coronet]]. A ribbon below the coronet bears the German motto {{lang|de|Ich dien}} ({{IPA
==Bearers of the motif==
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The ostrich feathers heraldic motif is generally traced back to [[Edward, the Black Prince]] (1330–1376), eldest son and [[heir apparent]] of King [[Edward III of England]]. The Black Prince bore (as an alternative to his paternal arms) a shield of ''Sable, three ostrich feathers argent'', described as his "shield for peace", probably meaning the shield he used for [[jousting]]. These arms appear several times on his [[chest tomb]] in [[Canterbury Cathedral]], alternating with his paternal arms (the royal arms of King Edward III differenced by ''a label of three points argent'').<ref>Scott Giles 1929, pp. 89–91.</ref> The Black Prince also used heraldic badges of one or more ostrich feathers in various other contexts.<ref>Siddons 2009, pp. 178–9.</ref>
[[File:Complete Guide to Heraldry Fig675.png|thumb|upright|Ostrich feather supporters for [[Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk]].<ref name="ReferenceA">Fox-Davies, Arthur, Complete Guide to Heraldry, Fig 675</ref>]]
The feathers had first appeared at the time of the marriage of Edward III to [[Philippa of Hainault]], and Edward III himself occasionally used ostrich feather badges.<ref name="Siddons 2009, p. 178"/> It is therefore likely that the Black Prince inherited the badge from his mother,<ref name="Scott-Giles 1929, p. 89">Scott-Giles 1929, p. 89.</ref> descended from the [[Count of Hainault|Counts of Hainault]], whose eldest son bore the title "Count of [[Ostrevent]]", the ostrich ({{lang-fr|link=no|autruche}}, [[Old French]] spellings including ''ostruce'') feathers being possibly an [[Canting arms|heraldic pun]] on that name.<ref name="Pinches and Pinches 1974, p. 59">Pinches and Pinches 1974, p. 59.</ref><ref name="Siddons 2009, p. 178">Siddons 2009, p. 178.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/letters/3631799/Letters-to-The-Daily-Telegraph.html |title=6th letter |newspaper=telegraph.co.uk | location=London |date=30 August 2006}}</ref> Alternatively, the badge may have derived from the [[List of monarchs of Luxembourg#Counts of Luxembourg|Counts of Luxembourg]], from whom Philippa was also descended, who had used the badge of an ostrich.<ref name="Pinches and Pinches 1974, p. 59"/> The accompanying motto, "Ich dien" (meaning "I serve"), may also be attributed to Philippa and the language of her [[Low Countries]] homeland.<ref>{{cite book |last=Fox |first=Paul |title= Great Cloister: A Lost Canterbury Tale|
King [[Richard II of England|Richard II]], the Black Prince's legitimate son, used ostrich feather badges in several colours<ref>Siddons 2009, pp. 179–80.</ref> and awarded augmented arms with ostrich feather supporters to [[Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk]] (1366–1399).<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
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According to a longstanding legend, the Black Prince obtained the badge from the blind King [[John of Bohemia]], against whom he fought at the [[Battle of Crécy]] in 1346. After the battle, the prince is said to have gone to the body of the dead king, and taken his helmet with its ostrich feather [[Crest (heraldry)|crest]], afterwards incorporating the feathers into his arms, and adopting King John's motto, "''{{lang|de|Ich dien}}''", as his own. The story first appears in writing in 1376, the year of the Black Prince's death.<ref name="Siddons 2009, p. 178"/><ref>{{cite journal |first=N. H. |last=Nicolas |author-link=Nicholas Harris Nicolas |title=Contemporary authority adduced for the popular idea that the Ostrich Feathers of the Prince of Wales were derived from the crest of the King of Bohemia |journal=[[Archaeologia (journal)|Archaeologia]] |volume=32 |year=1847 |pages=332–34 |doi=10.1017/S0261340900000631 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1646159 }}</ref> There is, however, no sound historical basis for it, and no evidence for King John having used either the motto or the crest (he actually bore a crest of vultures' wings).<ref name="Scott-Giles 1929, p. 89"/><ref name="Pinches and Pinches 1974, p. 59"/><ref name="Siddons 2009, p. 178"/> Nevertheless, King John was also Count of Luxembourg, whose badge was an ostrich feather as has been noted above. Therefore, the claim on the Black Prince's tomb that he had adopted the badge to honour the dead king's courage might well be true after all.
Since a key factor in the English army's victory at Crécy was the use of
===House of Lancaster===
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[[John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]], the Black Prince's second younger brother, used ostrich feathers in several contexts, including on a shield very similar to the Black Prince's "shield for peace", although in Gaunt's case the feathers were [[Ermine (heraldry)|ermine]].<ref>Siddons 2009, p. 181.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Harris |first=Oliver D. |title="Une tresriche sepulture": the tomb and chantry of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster in [[Old St Paul's Cathedral]], London |journal=Church Monuments |volume=25 |year=2010 |pages=7–35 (22–3)}}</ref> Single ostrich feather supporters were also used by [[John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset]] (1404–1444) (as shown in his [[Garter stall plate]] in St George's Chapel),<ref name="Planché 1852 xx"/> the second son of [[John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset]] (1371–1410), the eldest of the four legitimized children of John of Gaunt by his mistress [[Katherine Swynford]].
King [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]], of the [[House of Lancaster]], the son of John of Gaunt by his first wife [[Blanche of Lancaster]], used a badge of a single ostrich feather entwined by a scroll inscribed with the motto "Ma Sovereyne".<ref>or "Sovereygne", etc.</ref> His eldest son and successor King [[Henry V of England|Henry V]] used ostrich feathers as a secondary royal badge at various times, as did Henry IV's younger sons [[Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence]] who used an ermine ostrich feather with a label; [[John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford]] who used an ostrich feather with the "Sovereygne" scroll; and [[Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester]] who used an ostrich feather semée of [[Fleur-de-lis|fleurs-de-lis]]. Similar badges were used by other royal princes.<ref>Siddons 2009, pp. 182–6.</ref><ref>Pinches and Pinches 1974, pp. 89–93.</ref>
===House of Tudor===
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The [[Rashtriya Indian Military College]], an [[military academies in India|Indian military academy]] formerly named the Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College from 1922 to 1947, also utilizes the feather badge in its own symbology.
====Lord-lieutenant====
The cap and [[Lord-lieutenant#Uniform|uniform]] badge of Lord-lieutenants in Welsh [[Lieutenancy area|lieutenancies]] uses the Prince-of-Wales feathers to differentiate its Lord-lieutenants from`Lord-lieutenants in other counties.<ref name="Special Appointments">{{cite web |title=Army Dress Regulations: Part 12: Special Appointments |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a822c7c40f0b6230269b3a4/2017-04841.pdf |website=Ministry of Defence |date=8 May 2017}}</ref>
====Former====
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{{Princes of Wales}}
[[Category:
[[Category:English heraldry]]
[[Category:Rugby league in Wales]]
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