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| logo = Bertelsmann 2011 logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2011
| image = Bertelsmann Corporate Center Gütersloh 2011.jpg
| image_caption = Headquarters in [[Gütersloh]]
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| location_country = Germany
| area_served = [[World]]wide
| key_people = {{ublist|[[Thomas Rabe (manager)|Thomas Rabe]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://next.ft.com/content/8411d7b0-caf0-11e3-9c6a-00144feabdc0|title=Thomas Rabe, Bertelsmann CEO: from punk rock to family values|author1=Henry Mance|author2=Jeevan Vasagar|date=27 April 2014|access-date=19 May 2016|website=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref
| industry = [[Mass media]]
| products = [[Publishing]], [[record label]], [[broadcasting]], [[cable television]], [[film production]]
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}}
The '''Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA''', commonly known as '''Bertelsmann''' ({{IPA
Bertelsmann was founded as a [[publishing house]] by [[Carl Bertelsmann]] in 1835.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bertelsmann druckt erstes Buch|first=Stephan |last=Grimm|language=de|date=30 August 2012|newspaper=Neue Westfälische}}</ref> After [[World War II]], Bertelsmann, under the leadership of [[Reinhard Mohn]], went from being a medium-sized enterprise to a major conglomerate, offering not only books but also television, radio, music, magazines and services.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|first=Thorsten |last=Gödecker|date=1 July 2010|title=Geschichte mit Zukunft|newspaper=Neue Westfälische}}</ref> Its principal divisions include the [[RTL Group]], [[Penguin Random House]], [[BMG Rights Management|BMG]], [[Arvato]], the [[Bertelsmann Printing Group]], the Bertelsmann Education Group and Bertelsmann Investments.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|title=Bertelsmann sortiert sich neu|newspaper=Handelsblatt|first=Kai-Hinrich |last=Renner|date=23 March 2016|page=24}}</ref>
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[[File:Bertelsmann-Signet.jpg|thumb|The original C. Bertelsmann Verlag company logo as it appears on Carl Bertelsmann's tomb in Gütersloh]]
The nucleus of the corporation is the ''C. Bertelsmann Verlag'', a publishing house established on
=== 1933–1945 ===
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After World War II, the company portrayed itself to the Allied Control Authority as a Christian publisher that was part of the [[German resistance to Nazism|resistance to Nazism]] and allegedly persecuted. Ties to National Socialist organizations were initially denied. After it became known that erroneous, or at least inadequate, statements had been made, Heinrich Mohn stepped down as the head of the publishing house.<ref>{{cite book| title= 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future|publisher=C. Bertelsmann|location=Munich|year=2010|isbn=978-3-570-10175-9|page=22}}</ref> [[Reinhard Mohn]], one of his three sons, took over the C. Bertelsmann Verlag, as Hans Heinrich Mohn had been killed in the war and Sigbert Mohn was still a prisoner of war.<ref>{{cite book| language= de| first= Thomas |last=Lehning|title=Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns| publisher=Fink|location=Paderborn, Munich|year=2004|isbn=3-7705-4035-2|page=33}}</ref> In 1947, the Allies finally granted the company a publishing license.<ref>{{cite book| language=de|first=Thomas |last= Lehning|title=Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns| publisher= Fink|location=Paderborn, Munich| year=2004|isbn=3-7705-4035-2|page=34}}</ref> After currency reform in 1948, there was a market slump in the book trade that also led to the next existential crisis for the C. Bertelsmann Verlag.<ref>{{cite book|title=175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future|publisher=C. Bertelsmann|location=Munich|year=2010|isbn=978-3-570-10175-9| page= 135}}</ref> Under these conditions, in 1950 Bertelsmann launched the Lesering (book club) to stimulate sales.<ref>{{cite news|first=Günther |last= Bähr|title=Das allerletzte Kapitel| language=de|magazine=[[Focus (German magazine)|Focus]]|date=14 August 2015|pages=96–97}}</ref> Customers ordered books via subscription and in return received discounted prices.<ref>{{cite news| title=Letztes Kapitel vor Gericht| first=Erich|last= Reimann|newspaper=[[Wiesbadener Kurier]]|date=25 August 2015|language=de}}</ref> The business increasingly shifted from the publishing house to the sale of books, which was decisive to further growth.<ref>{{cite book|language= de|author1= Volker Ackermann| author2= Torsten Groth| author3= Markus Plate| author4= Arist von Schlippe|title=Große deutsche Familienunternehmen: Generationenfolge, Familienstrategie und Unternehmensentwicklung| publisher=[[Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht]]| location=Göttingen|year=2011|isbn=978-3-525-40338-9|page=82}}</ref>
In 1959, the C. Bertelsmann Verlag
=== 1971–1983 ===
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Starting in 1971, Bertelsmann operated as a [[joint-stock company]] ("{{lang|de|[[Aktiengesellschaft]]}}" or "AG"), renamed Bertelsmann AG.<ref>{{cite book|title=175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future|publisher=C. Bertelsmann|location=Munich|year=2010|isbn=978-3-570-10175-9|page=37}}</ref> The increasingly diversifying book publishers were bundled in the ''Verlagsgruppe Bertelsmann'' publishing group at the end of the 1960s.<ref>{{cite book|language=de|first=Thomas |last=Lehning|title=Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns|publisher=Fink|location=Paderborn, Munich|year=2004|isbn=3-7705-4035-2|pages=88}}</ref> In 1972, this company moved from Gütersloh to Munich.<ref>{{cite book|language=de|first=Thomas |last=Lehning|title=Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns|publisher=Fink|location=Paderborn, Munich|year=2004|isbn=3-7705-4035-2|page=91}}</ref> Key divisions remained in Gütersloh, for which a new office building was built in 1976 at the group's official location.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://history.bertelsmann.com/en/milestones/view/52|website=Chronicle|publisher=Bertelsmann|title=Gütersloh Head Office Moves to New Premises|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> To this day, it has remained the Bertelsmann headquarters, referred to as the ''Bertelsmann Corporate Center''. The rapid growth of Bertelsmann led to structural and financial problems. In the 1970s, financing requirements reached their peak. From 1975 to 1980, for example, the [[return on sales]] fell below one percent.<ref>{{cite book|title=175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future|publisher=C. Bertelsmann|location=Munich|year=2010|isbn=978-3-570-10175-9|page=43}}</ref> Bertelsmann also encountered new regulatory rules in its home market, in particular through laws governing mergers.<ref>{{cite book|title=175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future|publisher=C. Bertelsmann|location=Munich|year=2010|isbn=978-3-570-10175-9|page=40}}</ref> Larger acquisitions became practically impossible. At the same time, there was an increasing saturation of the German market for the Bertelsmann Lesering,<ref>{{cite book|language=de|first=Thomas |last=Lehning|title=Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns|publisher=Fink|location=Paderborn, Munich|year=2004|isbn=3-7705-4035-2|page=56}}</ref> whereas the foreign book clubs earned the lion's share of revenues in this corporate division.<ref>{{cite book|language=de|first=Thomas |last=Lehning|title=Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns|publisher=Fink|location=Paderborn, Munich|year=2004|isbn=3-7705-4035-2|page=57}}</ref>
The internationalization of Bertelsmann, initiated in the 1960s, was taken further:<ref>{{cite book|language=de|first=Christine |last=Hierl|title=Medienkonzentration und die Internationalisierung deutscher Medienkonzerne am Beispiel der Bertelsmann AG|year=2007|location=München|isbn=978-3-638-60658-5|publisher=GRIN Verlag}}</ref> Among other things, Bertelsmann acquired shares in the publishing houses Plaza & Janés<ref>{{cite news|website=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung|language=de|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/chronologie-die-bertelsmann-geschichte-173907.html|title=Chronologie: Die Bertelsmann-Geschichte|date=29 July 2002|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> based in Barcelona and [[Bantam Books]]<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of New York City|edition=2nd|editor1=Kenneth T. Jackson|editor2=Lisa Keller|editor3=Nancy Flood|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|year=2010}}</ref> from New York City. In the United States, a location was established for [[Ariola Records|Ariola]] and, in 1979, [[Arista Records]] was acquired from [[Columbia Pictures]].<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date= 28 July 1979|title=Columbia Pictures To Sell Record Unit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/07/28/archives/columbia-pictures-to-sell-record-unit.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |location= |access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=2 October 1979 |title=COLUMBIA COMPLETES SALE OF ARISTA RECORDS UNIT |url=https://latimes.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times/137835668/ |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |location= |access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Reinhard |last=Mohn|title=Erfolg durch Menschlichkeit und Freiheit|publisher=C. Bertelsmann|location=Munich|year=2008|isbn=978-3-570-01110-2|language=de}}</ref> In the period of the [[Early 1980s recession|1979–1980 recession]], there was discussion concerning the succession of Reinhard Mohn.<ref>{{cite book|title=175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future|publisher=C. Bertelsmann|location=Munich|year=2010|isbn=978-3-570-10175-9|pages=44–45}}</ref> In 1981, he finally moved over to the [[supervisory board]]. Dr. Juergen Kraemer, former Finance Minister of West Germany, who had previously headed up management of Gruner + Jahr, became the new [[chairman]] and [[chief executive officer]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.manager-magazin.de/unternehmen/karriere/a-191990.html|website=[[Manager Magazin]]|title=Top-Manager Manfred Fischer ist tot|language=de|date=15 April 2002|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> With this move, Bertelsmann, for the first time, was led by a manager who was not a member of the owner family.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|url=http://www.zeit.de/1981/08/rueckzug-an-die-spitze|title=Rückzug an die Spitze|website=Die Zeit|first=Heinz-Günter|last= Kemmer|date=13 February 1981|access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> Mark Wössner became Fischer's successor as chairman and chief executive officer of Bertelsmann in 1983.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|magazine=Der Spiegel|url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14355929.html|title=Im Zweifel selbst|date=29 November 1982|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> The affair concerning the forged [[Hitler Diaries|Hitler diaries]] occurred at the beginning of his tenure, which damaged the reputation of Gruner + Jahr and Bertelsmann as a whole.<ref>{{cite news|magazine=Der Spiegel|language=de|title=Die Kehrseite|url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14020705.html|date=30 May 1983|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zeit.de/1983/28/kopflos-in-die-krise|title=Kopflos in die Krise|author1=Gunhild Freese|author2=Richard Gaul|website=Die Zeit|date=8 July 1983|access-date=20 November 2015|language=de}}</ref>
=== 1984–1993 ===
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In 1994, Gruner + Jahr acquired the magazines of ''[[The New York Times]]'', whereby Bertelsmann was once again able to expand its presence in foreign markets.<ref name="Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA"/> From 1995, there was a new business division of multimedia at Bertelsmann. Its centerpiece was [[AOL|AOL Europe]],<ref>{{cite book|language=de|first=Thomas |last=Lehning|title=Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns|publisher=Fink|location=Paderborn, Munich|year=2004|isbn=3-7705-4035-2|page=274}}</ref> a joint venture of America Online and Bertelsmann.<ref>{{cite news|website=ComputerWoche|publisher=[[International Data Group]]|language=de|url=http://www.computerwoche.de/a/minderheitsbeteiligung-und-joint-venture-beschlossen-bertelsmann-macht-gemeinsame-sache-mit-america-online-dienst,1112769|title=Minderheitsbeteiligung und Joint-venture beschlossen|date=10 March 1995|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> Prior to that, Bertelsmann had already acquired a direct share in America Online.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.golem.de/0001/5758.html|language=de|website=Golem|title=Bertelsmann: Kein Groll wegen Time Warner + AOL|first=Andreas |last=Donath|date=10 January 2000|access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|website=StreamingMedia|url=http://www.streamingmedia.com/Articles/News/Online-Video-News/Bertelsmann-And-America-Online-Announce-Launch-Of-Strategic-Global-Alliance-And-Plan-To-Restructure-Joint-Ventures-62211.aspx|title=Bertelsmann And America Online Announce Launch Of Strategic Global Alliance And Plan To Restructure Joint Ventures|date=17 March 2000|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> The multimedia division also included ''mediaWays'' and ''Pixelpark''.<ref>{{cite news|first=Ingrid |last=Scheithauer|title=Die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette besetzen|language=de|newspaper=[[Frankfurter Rundschau]]|date=27 September 1996|page=11}}</ref> In 1997, UFA merged with ''Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion'' (CLT) to become a joint entertainment group based in [[Luxembourg]].<ref>{{cite news|magazine=Der Spiegel|title=Teuflisch intelligent|language=de|date=8 April 1996|url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-8905730.html}}</ref> With CLT-UFA, Bertelsmann was able to decisively diversify its business.<ref>{{cite news|title=Die Weichen für das TV-Geschäft der Zukunft sind gestellt|first=Gunhild |last=Freese|newspaper=[[Die Zeit]]|language=de|date=12 April 1996}}</ref> In 1998, [[Thomas Middelhoff]] succeeded Mark Wössner as Bertelsmann's chairman and chief executive officer.<ref>{{cite news|magazine=Der Spiegel|title=Neue Chefs|language=de|date=23 June 1997|url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-8732190.html}}</ref> Thomas Middelhoff had previously already been a member of the management board of the multimedia division.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|url=https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article653269/Bertelsmann-will-mit-Multimedia-Milliarden-umsetzen.html|website=[[Die Welt]]|title=Bertelsmann will mit Multimedia Milliarden umsetzen|date=27 February 1996|access-date=29 March 2016}}</ref> Mark Wössner joined the supervisory board of the company and also became chairman of the Bertelsmann Stiftung.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|title=Personalien: Wachwechsel bei Bertelsmann|newspaper=[[Börsen-Zeitung]]|date=5 July 1997|page=15}}</ref> In March 1998, Bertelsmann sold its video game publisher, BMG Interactive, to [[Take-Two Interactive]] in exchange for 16 percent of Take Two's stock.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bmg-interactive-acquired-by-taketwo-interactive--132878|title = BMG Interactive Acquired by Take-Two Interactive}}</ref>
This management change coincided with the takeover of [[Random House]].<ref>{{cite news|language=de|url=http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/bertelsmann-kauft-die-us-verlagsgruppe-random-house--groesste-einzelinvestition-,10810590,9412102.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160429082816/http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/bertelsmann-kauft-die-us-verlagsgruppe-random-house--groesste-einzelinvestition-,10810590,9412102.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 April 2016|first=Oliver|last=Herrgesell|title=Bertelsmann kauft die US-Verlagsgruppe Random House|date=24 March 1998|access-date=20 November 2015
=== 2001–2007 ===
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In 2019, Bertelsmann also boosted cooperation in the German content market by establishing the [[Bertelsmann Content Alliance|Content Alliance]],<ref>{{cite news|language=de|first=Carsten|last= Germis|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/unternehmen/bertelsmann-buendelt-sein-geschaeft-in-content-alliance-16013586.html|title=Medienkonzern: Bertelsmann bündelt sein Geschäft in Kreativ-Allianz|website=faz.net|date=29 January 2019|access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> headed up by [[Julia Jäkel]].<ref>{{cite web|language=de|url=https://meedia.de/2019/01/29/content-alliance-bertelsmann-vernetzt-inhalte-produktion-im-konzern-unter-leitung-von-gj-chefin-julia-jaekel/|title=Content Alliance: Bertelsmann vernetzt Inhalte-Produktion im Konzern unter Leitung von G+J-Chefin Julia Jäkel|website=meedia.de|date=29 January 2019|access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref> The key players in this initiative involve the television and radio broadcasting networks of the Mediengruppe RTL Deutschland, UFA TV production company, Random House publishing company, Gruner + Jahr, as well as the BMG music company.<ref>{{cite web|language=de|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/it-medien/rtl-ufa-grunerjahr-random-house-bertelsmann-will-medientoechter-als-content-alliance-buendeln/23923456.html|title=Bertelsmann will Medientöchter als "Content Alliance" bündeln|website=handelsblatt.com|date=20 January 2019|access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> The Bertelsmann Content Alliance develops joint formats and delivers a full range of products and services for creative professionals.<ref>{{cite web|language=de|url=https://www.boersenblatt.net/2019-01-29-artikel-bertelsmann_startet_content_alliance_in_deutschland.1590122.html|title=Bertelsmann startet Content Alliance in Deutschland / Gemeinsame Formate im Fokus|website=boersenblatt.net|date=29 January 2019|access-date=18 June 2019}}</ref>
On 25 November
On
== Divisions ==
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[[File:RTL Group 2021.svg|frameless|right|RTL Group logo|150px]]
RTL Group is a leading European entertainment provider, based in [[Luxembourg]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Gelingt der digitale Umbruch?|newspaper=Handelsblatt|date=3 September 2015|language=de|page=36}}</ref> The company runs a commercial private television and radio channels in several countries, including [[RTL Television|RTL]] and [[VOX (German TV channel)|VOX]] in Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rtlgroup.com/files/pdf1/facts_201509.pdf|access-date=1 October 2015|title=Companies (Selection)|publisher=RTL Group}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|language=de|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/it-medien/medienkommissar/der-medien-kommissar-die-boersenwette-namens-rtl/12316550.html|website=Handelsblatt|title=Der Medien-Kommissar: Die Börsenwette namens RTL|first=Hans-Peter |last=Siebenhaar|date=14 September 2015|access-date=1 October 2015}}</ref> In 2015, with the ''RTL Digital Hub'', the company launched a dedicated unit for [[Video clip#On the Internet|web videos]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/cmo/2015/06/08/european-broadcaster-rtl-starts-formalizing-web-video-plans/|title=European Broadcaster RTL Starts Formalizing Web Video Plans|website=The Wall Street Journal|first=Mike|last=Shields|date=8 June 2015|access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref> In addition, production companies, such as [[Fremantle (company)|Fremantle]], are part of the RTL Group.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|url=http://www.dwdl.de/nachrichten/45217/rtltochter_fremantlemedia_uebernimmt_495_productions/|website=DWDL|title=Zukauf in den USA: RTL-Tochter FremantleMedia übernimmt 495 Productions|first=Thomas|last=Lückerath|date=26 March 2014|access-date=1 October 2015}}</ref> In January 1997, Bertelsmann merged the UFA film and television company with [[Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion]] (CLT). The merger of CLT-UFA with ''Pearson TV'' in the year 2000 marked the beginning of the RTL Group.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|first=James|last=Harding|author2=Lutz Meier|title=Heute entsteht Europas größter TV-Konzern|newspaper=Financial Times|date=7 April 2000|page=1}}</ref> The company is listed on the stock exchange and has been majority-owned by Bertelsmann since 2001.<ref>{{cite news|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url=https://
=== Penguin Random House ===
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[[File:BMG Rectange Logo Red RGB.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|BMG logo]]
BMG is a [[music publisher (popular music)|music publishing company]] based in [[Berlin]]. The BMG catalog encompasses rights to works by artists such as [[Céline Dion]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Ronan Keating]] and [[Britney Spears]].<ref>{{cite news|language=de|title=Bertelsmann geht auf Einkaufstour|newspaper=Neue Westfälische|date=24 July 2009}}</ref> In 2008, the company was created after the group divested from the music market.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|title=Bertelsmann gibt das Musikgeschäft auf|newspaper=Der Tagesspiegel|date=6 August 2008|page=15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|language=de|title=Wachsen mit der Musik|newspaper=Neue Westfälische|date=31 August 2009}}</ref> Following the sale of [[Sony BMG]], Bertelsmann had retained the rights to 200, mainly European, artists.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|url=https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article114029884/Bertelsmann-kauft-Musikrechteverlag-BMG-ganz.html|website=Die Welt|title=Bertelsmann kauft Musikrechteverlag BMG ganz|date=1 March 2013|access-date=30 March 2016}}</ref> In 2009, [[Kohlberg Kravis Roberts|KKR]] came on board with BMG, retaining a 51% majority in the company, and Bertelsmann held 49%.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://next.ft.com/content/e02f9700-6b44-11de-861d-00144feabdc0|title=Bertelsmann forms music duo with KKR|first=Martin|last=Arnold|author2=Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson|date=7 July 2009|access-date=22 May 2016|website=Financial Times}}</ref> Since 2013, BMG has once again become a fully owned subsidiary of Bertelsmann.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2013/music/global/bertelsmann-takes-full-ownership-of-bmg-1200001514/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title=Bertelsmann Takes Full Ownership of BMG|first=Christopher|last=Morris|date=1 March 2013|access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bertelsmann-acquire-full-bmg-ownership-425514|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|title=Bertelsmann to Acquire Full Control of BMG|first=Georg|last=Szalai|author2=Scott Roxborough|date=1 March 2013|access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref> In 2016, BMG became a division of Bertelsmann.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|title=Da steckt Geld drin|first=Stefan|last=Schelp|newspaper=Neue Westfälische|date=23 March 2016|page=27}}</ref> In 2022, BMG had revenues of €866 million.<ref name="Annual Report 2022" />
=== Arvato ===
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[[File:Arvato_Logo.svg|frameless|right|Arvato logo|150px]]
Arvato is an international service provider. In its current form, the company originated in the year 1999.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|title=Bertelsmann Industrie heißt künftig Arvato|newspaper=Süddeutsche Zeitung|date=9 June 1999|page=28}}</ref> At that time, the print and industry sectors at Bertelsmann were restructured, whereby services received a higher priority than the print and machinery sector
=== Bertelsmann Printing Group ===
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[[File:Bertelsmann_Education_Group_Logo_2016.png|frameless|right|Bertelsmann Education Group logo|150px]]
The Bertelsmann Education Group is dedicated to the education sector.<ref>{{cite news|website=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/bertelsmann-to-launch-education-activities-unit-1441861958|title=Bertelsmann to Launch Education Activities Unit|first=Ellen Emmerentze |last=Jervell|date=10 September 2015|access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref> It was established in 2015 and has its headquarters in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite news|language=de|url=http://www.focus.de/regional/nordrhein-westfalen/medien-bertelsmann-buendelt-bildungsgeschaeft-in-eigener-sparte_id_4938855.html|title=Bertelsmann bündelt Bildungsgeschäft in eigener Sparte|website=[[Focus (German magazine)|Focus Online]]|date=10 September 2015|access-date=29 March 2016}}</ref> It includes, for example, the [[Alliant International University]] and Relias Learning.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/it-medien/bertelsmann-bildungsgeschaeft-jetzt-unter-einem-dach/12303914.html|website=Handelsblatt|title=Bertelsmann: Bildungsgeschäft jetzt unter einem Dach|date=10 September 2015|access-date=29 March 2016}}</ref> The [https://www.relias.com/press-room/bertelsmann-to-acquire-relias-learning acquisition of Relias Learning] in 2014 formed the cornerstone for the Bertelsmann Education Group and was the largest acquisition by Bertelsmann since the purchase of Random House.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-10-21/bertelsmann-pushes-into-education-with-relias-purchase|website=Bloomberg|title=Bertelsmann Pushes Into Education With Relias Purchase|first=Kristen|last= Schweizer|date=21 October 2014|access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Cary's Relias Learning acquired by Bertelsmann for $540M|first=Jason|last=deBruyn|date=23 October 2014|website=[[Triangle Business Journal]]}}</ref> In 2016, Relias acquired AHC Media, which was renamed Relias Media.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.relias.com/press-room/relias-learning-enters-the-acute-care-training-market/ | title=Relias Learning Enters the Acute Care Training Market | date=11 October 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.reliasmedia.com/about-us | title=About Relias Media CME/CE }}</ref> In 2022, the Bertelsmann Education Group generated sales of €622 million.<ref name="Annual Report 2022" />
=== Bertelsmann Investments ===
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== Criticism ==
In the 1990s, critical questions arose as to the role of Bertelsmann in [[Nazi Germany]].<ref>{{cite news|language=de|first=Andreas|last= Puff-Trojan|title=Papier ist geduldig|magazine=[[Profil (magazine)|profil]]|date=14 October 2002|page=164}}</ref> They were precipitated by a speech given by the chairman and chief executive officer, [[Thomas Middelhoff]], on the occasion of his receiving the [[Vernon A. Walters|Vernon A. Walters Award]] 1998 in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite news|language=de|title=Ein Adler für die Bertelsfrau|first=Stefan|last=Brams|date=10 June 2008|newspaper=Neue Westfälische}}</ref> Thomas Middelhoff portrayed Bertelsmann as one of the few non-Jewish media companies shut down by the National Socialists because it allegedly published subversive literature.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|first=Gerhard|last=Hegmann|title=Bertelsmann gesteht Fehler in NS-Zeit ein|date=8 October 2002|page=5|newspaper=Financial Times}}</ref> This interpretation was severely criticized, for example, by publicist Hersch Fischler.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|title=Ganz geringe Beträge|newspaper=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]|date=24 January 2000|page=13}}</ref> The speech led to a broad public debate and ultimately in 1998 to the establishment of an independent historical commission (IHC) by the group.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|first=Siegfried|last=Lokatis|title=Feldpost von Bertelsmann|newspaper=Neue Zürcher Zeitung|date=8 March 1999|page=27}}</ref> This was headed by [[Saul Friedländer]], and additional members were Norbert Frei, Trutz Rendtorff and Reinhard Wittmann. The IHC presented an interim report in the year 2000 and issued a final report in 2002.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|first=Wieland|last=Freund|title=Bertelsmann im Dritten Reich: Der Abschlussbericht der Kommission|website=Die Welt|date=8 October 2002|url=https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article415011/Bertelsmann-im-Dritten-Reich-Der-Abschlussbericht-der-Kommission.html|access-date=2 May 2016}}</ref> It stated, for example, that the suggestion that the ''C. Bertelsmann Verlag'' mounted resistance against National Socialism was clearly not accurate.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|first=Nicole|last= Adolph|title=Widerstandslegende enttarnt|newspaper=Der Tagesspiegel|date=8 October 2002|page=27}}</ref> The company's "shut-down as a publisher of the resistance" could not be proven.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|first=Dirk|last=Fuhrig|title=Legende vom Widerstandsverlag|newspaper=Frankfurter Rundschau|date=18 January 2000|page=13}}</ref> Historian [[Volker Ullrich]]
== See also ==
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