Sopron: Difference between revisions

| other_name = Ödenburg

| leader_name1 = Dr. István Simon ([[Fidesz]]-[[KDNP]])

| leader_name2 = Dr. Szabolcs Sárvári

| area_total_km2 = 169.0104

| population_total = 62,246116<ref name="KSH Sopron">[http{{Cite web |last= |title=Sopron |url=https://www.ksh.hu/apps/hntr.telepules?p_lang=EN&p_id=08518 KSH,|website=Hungarian Sopron,Central 2017]Statistical Office (KSH)}}</ref>

| population_as_of = 20172022

| demographics1_title3 = [[Romani peopleCroats in Hungary|RomaniCroats]]

| demographics1_info3 = 0.67%

| demographics1_title4 = [[CroatsRomani people in Hungary|CroatsRomani]]

| demographics1_info4 = 0.76%

'''Sopron''' ({{IPA-hu|ˈʃopron}}; {{lang-de|Ödenburg}}, {{IPA-|de|ˈøːdn̩ˌbʊʁk|-|De-Ödenburg.ogg}}; {{lang-sl|Šopron}}) is a [[city]] in [[Hungary]] on the [[Austria]]n border, near [[Lake Neusiedl|Lake Neusiedl/Lake Fertő]].

During the [[Migration Period]], Scarbantia was believed to be deserted. By the timeWhen [[Hungarian people|Hungarians]] arrived in the area, itthe city was in ruins. InFrom the 9th&ndash; to the 11th centuries, Hungarians strengthened the old Roman city walls and built a castle. The towncity was named in Hungarian after a castle steward named ''Suprun''. In 1153, it was mentioned as an important towncity.

In 1273, King [[Otakar II of Bohemia]] occupied the castle. Even though he took the children of Sopron's nobility with him as hostages, the city opened its gates when the armies of [[King]] [[Ladislaus IV of Hungary]] arrived. The king[[Ladislaus]] rewarded Sopron by elevating it to the rank of [[free royal town]].

During the [[Ottoman wars in Europe|Ottoman occupation]] of [[Hungary]], the [[Ottoman Turks]] ravaged the city in [[1529]], but did not occupy it. Many Hungarians fled from the occupied areas to Sopron, and the city's importance grew.

While the Ottomans occupied most of centralCentral Europe, the region north of lakeLake Balaton remained in the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867)]] (captaincy between Balaton and Drava).

In 1676, Sopron was destroyed by a fire. The modern-day city was born inover the next few decades, when [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] buildings were built to replace the destroyed medieval ones. Sopron became the seat of the [[Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary)|comitatus]] [[Sopron (county)|Sopron]].

===20th century- to present===

Following the breakup of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]], ethnic Germans inhabited parts of four western Hungarian counties: [[Pozsony County|Pozsony]] (Pressburg in German; [[Bratislava]] in Czech/Slovak), [[Vas County (former)|Vas]] (Eisenburg), [[Sopron County|Sopron]] (Ödenburg) and [[Moson County|Moson]] (Wieselburg). The German-inhabited parts of thesethose counties were initially awarded to Austria in the [[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)]]. After local unrest and Italian diplomatic mediation in the [[Venice Protocol]],<ref>{{Citation|last=Beigbeder|first=Yves|title=International Monitoring of Plebiscites, Referenda and National Elections|publisher= Springer Publishing |year=1994|page=81}}</ref> Sopron's status as part of Hungary (along with that of the surrounding eight villages) was decided by a controversial, local [[plebiscite]] held on December 14, 1921, with 65% voting for Hungary. Since then Sopron has been called ''Civitas Fidelissima'' ("The Most Loyal Town", {{lang-hu|A Leghűségesebb Város}}), and the anniversary of the plebiscite is a city holiday. However, the western parts of Vas, Sopron and Moson counties did joinjoined Austria and todaynow form the Austrian federal state of [[Burgenland]], whileand Pressburg/Pozsony was awarded to [[Czechoslovakia]].

Sopron suffered greatly during [[World War II]], itand was bombed several times. The Soviet [[Red Army]] captured the city on April 1, 1945. On August 19, 1989, it was the site of the [[Pan-European Picnic]], a protest on the border between Austria and Hungary, which was used by over 600 citizens of [[East Germany]] to escape from the GDR to the West. As the first successful crossing of the border it helped pave the way for the mass flight of East German citizens that led to the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]] on November 9, 1989.

Today, Sopron's economy immensely benefits from the [[European Union]]. Having been a city close to nowhere, that is, to the [[Iron Curtain]], Sopron now has re-established full trade relations to nearby Austria. Furthermore, after being suppressed during the [[Cold War]], Sopron's German-speaking culture and heritage are now recognized again. As a consequence, many of the city's street-and traffic-signs are written in both Hungarian and German making it an officially bilingual city due to its proximity to the Austrian frontier. Visitors admire the large number of buildings in this city that reflect [[medieval architecture]] - rare—rare in war-torn Hungary. Situated close to the Austrian border, Sopron receives many visitors from Vienna ({{convert|70|km|0|abbr=off}} away), and from Bratislava, Slovakia ({{convert|77|km|0|abbr=on}} away), as well as from the United States, Great Britain, The Netherlands, Japan, and Scandinavia, who visit to take advantage of the excellent low-cost dental services offered: Sopron boasts so many dental clinics—more than 300—that the city is known as the "dental capital of the world."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tripso.com/columns/sopron-hungarian-cap-city/ |title=Sopron Hungarian cap city|last= Surmacz|first= Jon |website=www.ripso.com|access-date=2009-06-19|archive-date=2016-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126163830/http://www.tripso.com/columns/sopron-hungarian-cap-city/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Mary |last=Beth |title=The inciDENTAL tourist|work=[[USA Today]]|url=https://www.usatoday.com/travel/news/2005-07-28-dental-tourism_x.htm}}</ref>

Sopron is a significant [[wine]] producing region, one of the few in Hungary to make both [[red wine|red]] and [[white wine]]s. Grapes include [[Kékfrankos]] for red wine and [[Traminer]] ([[Gewürztraminer]]) for white wine. In climate it is similar to the neighbouring Burgenland wine region in Austria, and several winemakers make wine in both countries. Blue Frankish (= Kékfrankos, Blaufränkisch), Traminer, and Green Veltliner (= Zöld Veltelini, Grüner Veltliner) are well-known Sopron wines. Sopron's Blue Frankish and Pinot Noir wines are particularly prized.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winetime.hu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52&Itemid=72&lang=en|title=Wine Regions Sopron|website=www.winetime.hu|access-date=2009-06-19|archive-date=2016-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410110814/http://www.winetime.hu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52&Itemid=72&lang=en|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1910, Sopron had 33,931 inhabitants (51% [[Danube Swabians|German]], 44.3% [[Magyars|Hungarian]], 4.7% other). Religions: 64.1% [[Roman Catholic]], 27.8% [[Lutheran]], 6.6% [[Jewish]], 1.2% [[Calvinist]], 0.3% other.<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.talmamedia.com/php/district/district.php?county=Sopron |title=1910 census (English)] |access-date=2008-08-27 |archive-date=2008-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080329022138/http://www.talmamedia.com/php/district/district.php?county=Sopron |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2001, the city had 56,125 inhabitants (92.8% Hungarian, 3.5% German, 3.7% other).<ref>[http://www.nepszamlalas2001.hu/hun/kotetek/06/08/data/tabhun/4/load01_11_0.html 2001 census - Nationalities {{in lang|hu}}]</ref> Religions: 69% Roman Catholic, 7% Lutheran, 3% Calvinist, 8.1% [[Atheist]], 11.9% no answer, 1% other.<ref>[http://www.nepszamlalas2001.hu/hun/kotetek/06/08/data/tabhun/4/load01_10_0.html 2001 census - Religions {{in lang|hu}}]</ref><ref>[http://www.nepszamlalas2001.hu/hun/kotetek/06/08/data/tabhun/4/load01_1_0.html Historical population of Győr-Moson-Sopron (Hungarian Central Statistical Office)] {{in lang|hu}}</ref>

File:SzechenyiIstván Széchenyi statue in Sopron z01.jpg|Statue of [[István Széchenyi]]

The women's basketball team [[Sopron Basket]] is one of the most successful Hungarian basketball team in the history with 15 [[Nemzeti Bajnokság I/A (women's basketball)|National titles]] and they success in Europe, in [[2021–22 EuroLeague Women|2022]] they won [[EuroLeague Women|EuroLeague]]. [[MFC Sopron]] was a [[football (soccer)|football]] team based in Sopron. The successor of the club is [[Soproni VSE]].