Habitat destruction: Difference between revisions

 

[[File:Biodiversity Hotspots Map.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Map of the world's biodiversity hot spots, all of which are heavily threatened by habitat loss and degradation]]

'''Habitat destruction''' (also termed '''habitat loss''' and '''habitat reduction''') occurs when a natural [[habitat]] is no longer able to support its native species. The organisms once living there have either moved to elsewhere or are dead, leading to a decrease in biodiversity and [[Abundance (ecology)|species numbers]].<ref name="Calizza Costantini Careddu Rossi pp. 5784–5796">{{cite journal|last1=Calizza|first1=Edoardo|last2=Costantini|first2=Maria Letizia|last3=Careddu|first3=Giulio|last4=Rossi|first4=Loreto|date=June 17, 2017|title=Effect of habitat degradation on competition, carrying capacity, and species assemblage stability|journal=Ecology and Evolution|publisher=Wiley|volume=7|issue=15|pages=5784–5796|doi=10.1002/ece3.2977|issn=2045-7758|pmc=5552933|pmid=28811883|doi-access=free|bibcode=2017EcoEv...7.5784C }}</ref><ref name="SahneyBentonFerry2010LinksDiversityVertebrates">{{cite journal|author=Sahney|first1=S|last2=Benton|first2=Michael J.|last3=Falcon-Lang|first3=Howard J.|date=1 December 2010|title=Rainforest collapse triggered Pennsylvanian tetrapod diversification in Euramerica|url=http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/38/12/1079|url-status=live|format=PDF|journal=Geology|volume=38|issue=12|pages=1079–1082|bibcode=2010Geo....38.1079S|doi=10.1130/G31182.1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011144357/http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/38/12/1079|archive-date=2011-10-11|access-date=2010-11-29|via=GeoScienceWorld}}</ref> Habitat destruction is in fact the leading cause of [[biodiversity loss]] and species [[extinction]] worldwide.<ref name="Marvier-2004">{{Cite journal|last1=Marvier|first1=Michelle|last2=Kareiva|first2=Peter|last3=Neubert|first3=Michael G.|date=2004|title=Habitat Destruction, Fragmentation, and Disturbance Promote Invasion by Habitat Generalists in a Multispecies Metapopulation|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00485.x|journal=Risk Analysis|volume=24|issue=4|pages=869–878|doi=10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00485.x|pmid=15357806|bibcode=2004RiskA..24..869M |s2cid=44809930|issn=0272-4332|access-date=2021-03-18|archive-date=2021-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723082930/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00485.x|url-status=live}}</ref>

 

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401022404/https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/global-forest-loss-increases-in-2020-but-pandemics-impact-unclear/

|archive-date=1 April 2021

| image2 = 8000 BCE+ Loss of forest and grassland to grazing and crops.svg

| caption2 = The period since 1950 has brought "the most rapid transformation of the human relationship with the natural world in the history of humankind".<ref name=IGBP_Steffen_2004>{{cite web |last1=Steffen |first1=Will |last2=Sanderson |first2=Angelina |last3=Tyson |first3=Peter |last4=Jäger |first4=Jill |last5=Matson |first5=Pamela |last6=Moore III |first6=Berrien |last7=Oldfield |first7=Frank |last8=Richardson |first8=Katherine |last9=Schellnhuber |first9=H. John |last10=Turner II |first10=B. L. |last11=Wasson |first11=Robert J. |display-authors=4 |title=Global Change and the Climate System / A Planet Under Pressure |url=http://www.igbp.net/download/18.56b5e28e137d8d8c09380001694/1376383141875/SpringerIGBPSynthesisSteffenetal2004_web.pdf |publisher=International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319052247/http://www.igbp.net/download/18.56b5e28e137d8d8c09380001694/1376383141875/SpringerIGBPSynthesisSteffenetal2004_web.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2017 |pages=131, 133 |date=2004 |quote=Fig. 3.67(j): loss of tropical rainforest and woodland, as estimated for tropical Africa, Latin America and South and Southeast Asia. |url-status=live}}</ref> Almost one-third of the world's forests, and almost two-thirds of its grassland, have been lost to human agriculture—which now occupies almost half the world's habitable land.<ref name=LandUseChange_8000BCE>{{cite web |title=Deforestation and Forest Loss / Humanity destroyed one third of the world's forests by expanding agricultural land |url=https://ourworldindata.org/deforestation |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221107180838/https://ourworldindata.org/deforestation |archive-date=7 November 2022 |quote=Data: Historical data on forests from Williams (2003) - Deforesting the Earth. Historical data on agriculture from The History Database of Global Environment (HYDE). Modern data from the FAO |url-status=live }}</ref>