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'''''L'Osservatore Romano''''' ({{IPA-|it|losservaˈtoːre roˈmaːno|lang}},; English: '"The Roman Observer'") is the daily newspaper of [[Vatican City State]] which reports on the activities of the [[Holy See]] and events taking place in the Catholic Church and the world.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vatican City |title=Osservatore Romano|url=http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/en/altre-istituzioni/osservatore-romano.html|publisher=Vatican City State|access-date=27 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=Guardian/> It is owned by the Holy See but is not an official publication, a role reserved for the ''[[Acta Apostolicae Sedis]]'', which acts as a [[government gazette]].<ref name="cwndef">{{cite web|title=L'Osservatore Romano|work=Catholic World News|publisher=Trinity Publications|url=http://www.cwnews.com/news/biosgloss/definition.cfm?glossID=62|access-date=19 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315171748/http://www.cwnews.com/news/biosgloss/definition.cfm?glossID=62|archive-date=15 March 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=t9QxJMdp6FMC&pg=PA72|first= Francis A.|last= Burkle-Young | title = Papal Elections in the Age of Transition, 1878-1922 |publisher=Lexington Books|date= 2000 | isbn= 978-0-73910114-8 | page= 72}}</ref><ref name=Guardian>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/20/vatican-newspaper-pope John Hooper, "Behind the scenes at the pope's newspaper"] in ''[[The Guardian]]'', 20 July 2009</ref> The views expressed in the ''Osservatore'' are those of individual authors unless they appear under the specific titles "Nostre Informazioni" or "Santa Sede".<ref name="Bunson"/><ref name="PLev"/>
 
Available in nine languages, the paper prints two [[Latin language|Latin]] mottos under the [[Nameplate (publishing)|masthead]] of each edition: ''Unicuique suum'' ("'To each his own"') and ''Non praevalebunt'' ("'[The gates of Hell] shall not prevail"').{{Efn|From {{Bibleverse||Matthew|16:18}}: ''Et ego dico tibi quia tu es Petrus et super hanc petram aedificabo ecclesiam meam et portae inferi '''non praevalebunt''' adversum eam'' ([[Vulgate|Latin Vulgate]])}} The current editor-in-chief is [[Andrea Monda]].
 
==Editions==
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* Weekly in [[German language|German]] (1971)
* Monthly in [[Polish language|Polish]] (1980)
* Weekly in [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] (2007)<ref>{{cite news|title=L'Osservatore Romano to be published in India|publisher=Catholic News Agency|date=2 April 2007|url=httphttps://www.catholicnewsagency.com/new.php?n=news/9014/losservatore-romano-to-be-published-in-india|access-date=8 February 2008}}</ref>
 
The daily Italian edition of ''L'Osservatore Romano'' is published in the afternoon, but with a [[cover date]] of the following day, a convention that sometimes results in confusion.<ref name="cwndef"/> The weekly English edition is distributed in more than 129 countries, including both [[List of countries where English is an official language|English-speaking countries]] and locales where English is used as the general means of communication.<ref name="vathist"/>
 
===''L'Osservatore della Domenica''===
 
''L'Osservatore della Domenica'' is a weekly publication in [[Vatican City]]. It is the Sunday supplement to the ''L'Osservatore Romano''. Founded in 1934, an illustrated weekly was published with the title ''L'Osservatore romano della Domenica'' (since 1951 ''L'Osservatore della Domenica''). In 1979 it was reduced to a Sunday supplement.<ref>[https://www-treccani-it.translate.goog/enciclopedia/l-osservatore-romano_%28Dizionario-di-Storia%29/?_x_tr_sl=it&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc "L'Osservatore Romano", Treccani]</ref>
 
=== ''L'Osservatore di Strada'' ===
Since 29 June 2022, another edition of ''L'Osservatore Romano'' is published: ''L'Osservatore di Strada''. It is published the first Sunday of every month.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-24 |title=Nasce L'Osservatore di strada, il mensile che dà voce agli scartati |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/it/vaticano/news/2022-06/29-giugno-osservatore-strada-poveri-dicastero-communicazione.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=Vatican News |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2022 |title=L'Osservatore di Strada – Comunicato |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/info/2022/06/24/comunicato-stampa-losservatore-di-strada--nuovo-mensile-de-losse.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=press.vatican.va}}</ref> On 29 June 2022, its first print publication was distributed to those present at [[Saint Peter's Square]]. On the same day, at the end of the Pope's [[Church service|service]], the Pope made a remark at the end of his [[Marian devotions|marian prayer]] praising the newspaper.<ref>{{Cite web |last=di Luca |first=Bernardo |date=2022-06-29 |title=Distribuyen primer ejemplar de nuevo periódico del Vaticano: L'Osservatore di Strada |url=https://es.zenit.org/2022/06/29/distribuyen-primer-ejemplar-de-nuevo-periodico-del-vaticano-losservatore-di-strada/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=[[Zenit News Agency]] |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Capelli |first=Benedetta |date=2022-06-29 |title=Il Papa: l'Osservatore di strada, gli ultimi i veri protagonisti |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/it/papa/news/2022-06/papa-francesco-angelus-osservatore-di-strada-giornale-poveri.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=Vatican News |language=it}}</ref>
 
==History==
[[File:Leo XIII.jpg|200px|thumb|right200px|Under Pope Leo XIII, the Holy See acquired ownership of ''L'Osservatore'' in 1885.]]
 
===19th century===
[[Image:Giornale-di-Roma-27-November-1852.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Giornale di Roma'' (27 November 1852)]]
[[Image:Losservatore-Romano-15-May-1891.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''L'Osservatore Romano'': front page of 15 May 1891, publishing the encyclical ''[[Rerum Novarum]]'' of [[Pope Leo XIII]].]]
The first issue of ''L'Osservatore Romano'' was published in [[Rome]] on 1 July 1861, a few months after the [[Italian unification|Kingdom of Italy]] was proclaimed on 17 March 1861.<ref name="vathist">{{cite news|title=The origins of "L'Osservatore Romano"|newspaper=L'Osservatore Romano|url=https://www.vatican.va/news_services/or/history/hi_eng.html|access-date=8 February 2008}}</ref> The original intent of the newspaper was unabashedly polemical and propagandistic in defence of the [[Papal States]], adopting the name of a private pamphlet financed by a [[Legitimists|French Catholic legitimist]] group.<ref name="vathist" /> The 18 September 1860 defeat of papal troops at [[Castelfidardo]] substantially reduced the temporal power of the Pope, prompting Catholic intellectuals to present themselves in Rome for the service of [[Pope Pius IX]].<ref name="vathist" /> This agenda supported the notion of a daily publication to champion the opinions of the Holy See.<ref name="vathist" />
 
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After the [[Porta Pia|breach of Porta Pia]] by Italian troops in September 1870, ''L'Osservatore Romano'' solidified its opposition to the Kingdom of Italy, affirming obedience to the Pope and adherence to his directives, stating it would remain faithful "to that unchangeable principle of religion and morals which recognises as its sole depository and claimant the [[Vicar of Christ|Vicar of Jesus Christ]] on earth".<ref name="vathist"/>
 
{{clear}}
 
===20th century===
[[Image:Losservatore-Romano-19-August-2015.jpeg|thumb|left|240px|''L'Osservatore Romano'' cover (19 August 2015)]]
The Osservatore continued to be published as a newspaper in Vatican City, but in 1904, ''[[Acta Sanctae Sedis]]'', which had existed since 1865, was declared the formal organ of the Holy See in that all documents printed in it were considered "authentic and official".<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Acta Sanctæ Sedis}}</ref> ''Acta Sanctae Sedis'' ceased publication four years later and on 29 September 1908 ''[[Acta Apostolicae Sedis]]'' became the official publication of the Holy See.<ref>Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church {{ISBN|978-0-19-280290-3}}, article Acta Apostolicae Sedis</ref>
 
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* [[Giovanni Maria Vian]] (2007–2018)<ref name=ncr20181218>{{cite news | work = National Catholic Reporter | url = https://www.ncronline.org/news/media/pope-names-italian-journalists-key-posts-vatican-communications | access-date = December 27, 2018 | date = December 18, 2018 | title = Pope names Italian journalists to key posts in Vatican communications | first = Carol | last = Glatz | agency = Catholic News Service | archive-date = 20 July 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190720171117/https://www.ncronline.org/news/media/pope-names-italian-journalists-key-posts-vatican-communications | url-status = dead }}</ref>
* [[Andrea Monda]] (2018–present)<ref name=ncr20181218/>
 
== Notes ==▼
{{notelist}}
 
==See also==
* [[Index of Vatican City-related articles]]
 
▲== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
 
==References==
{{reflistReflist}}
 
==Further reading==
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{{Vatican City topics}}
{{Catholic Church footer}}{{Authority control}}
 
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