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{{Short description|1998 studio album by Massive Attack}}
{{
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox album
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| prev_title = [[Protection (Massive Attack album)|Protection]]
| prev_year = 1994
| next_title = [[
| next_year =
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Mezzanine
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'''''Mezzanine''''' is the third studio album by English [[electronic music]] group [[Massive Attack]], released on 20 April 1998 by Circa and [[Virgin Records]]. For the album, the group began to explore a darker aesthetic, and focused on a more atmospheric style influenced by British [[post-punk]], [[industrial music]], [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] and [[dub music]].<ref name=stylus>{{cite web|url=http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/massive-attack/mezzanine.htm |title=Massive Attack – Mezzanine – Review |work=[[Stylus Magazine]] |date=1 September 2003 |access-date=10 December 2011 |last=Mueller |first=Gavin |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027184209/http://stylusmagazine.com/reviews/massive-attack/mezzanine.htm |archive-date=27 October 2011}}</ref>
''Mezzanine'' topped the charts in the United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand, becoming the group's most commercially successful album to date. It
==Background and recording==
''Mezzanine'' was
The sessions continued with Vowles and Marshall working on bass and drum loops, while Del Naja continued to produce demos. The album was originally set to be released in December 1997, but was delayed by four months, with Del Naja spending most of the time in the studio "making tracks, tearing them apart, {{sic|
Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles left the group soon after the album's release, due to creative conflicts, while reggae artist and Massive Attack collaborator [[Horace Andy]] contributed to the album on multiple songs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/andy_horace/bio.jhtml|title=Horace Andy : Biography|publisher=[[VH1]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050201004536/http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/andy_horace/bio.jhtml|archive-date=1 February 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref> The album's working title was ''Damaged Goods'', which was the name of Gang of Four's 1978 [[Damaged Goods (song)|debut single]].<ref name=Cavanagh />
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''Mezzanine'' has been described as a [[trip hop]]<ref name="ew-review"/> and [[electronica]] album<ref name="nme-greatest"/> with moods of "dark [[claustrophobia]]" and melancholy.<ref name=stylus /> Musically, the album is a major departure from the jazzy and laidback sound of the first two albums, ''[[Blue Lines]]'' and ''[[Protection (Massive Attack album)|Protection]]'', invoking the dark undercurrents which had previously only been vaguely present in the group's music. The album's textured and deep tone relies heavily on abstract and [[Ambient music|ambient]] sounds, heavy emphasis on bass, and influences from [[alternative rock]].
Similar to their previous albums, several songs use one or more samples, which range from artists typically sampled in trip hop such as [[Isaac Hayes]] and various [[Break (music)|drum break]]s, to bands like [[the Cure]] and [[the Velvet Underground]]. In particular, "Inertia Creeps" samples Turkish [[Tsifteteli|çiftetelli]] music which Del Naja recorded after partying in [[Istanbul]], with his recorded tape subsequently becoming the rhythmic base for the song.<ref name="innerviews">{{cite web | url=http://innerviews.org/inner/massive.html | title=Massive Attack – Massive aggressive | work=Innerviews | accessdate=10 July 2013 | author=Prasad, Anil|quote="The music came from nights out in Istanbul. There's some mad music there at some belly dancing shows which are pretty embarrassingly tourist-orientated. But the music was fucking really cool. I got some tapes and I was in the studio when we were working on this music. [...] [W]e started writing this new beat from it and so it was really cool, d'ya-know-what-I-mean?"}}</ref> In 1998, [[Manfred Mann (musician)|Manfred Mann]] sued Massive Attack for unauthorised use of a sample of the song "Tribute" from [[Manfred Mann's Earth Band]]'s [[Manfred Mann's Earth Band (album)|eponymous 1972 album]], used on "Black Milk".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/510484/manfred-mann-sues-massive-attack/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220012221/http://www.mtv.com/news/510484/manfred-mann-sues-massive-attack/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 December 2014 |title=Manfred Mann Sues Massive Attack |publisher=[[MTV News]] |date=30 December 1998 |access-date=27 June 2015}}</ref> The song has subsequently appeared as "Black Melt" on later releases and at live performances, with the sample removed. Later digital editions of ''Mezzanine'' have retained the original song, with Mann being added to the songwriting credits.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/mezzanine/724466069 |title=Mezzanine by Massive Attack |date=20 April 1998 |publisher=[[iTunes Store]] |location=United States |access-date=1 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="deezer">{{cite web |url=https://www.deezer.com/en/track/3129753 |title=Black Milk – Massive Attack |publisher=[[Deezer]] |access-date=1 July 2018 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
==Reception==
{{
| rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
| rev1score = {{Rating|5|5}}<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/mezzanine-mw0000032129 |title=Mezzanine – Massive Attack |website=AllMusic |access-date=10 January 2013 |last=Bush |first=John}}</ref>
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| rev3Score = {{Rating|5|5}}<ref>{{cite news |title=As dark as it gets |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=10 April 1998 |last=Bennun |first=David}}</ref>
| rev4 = ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''
| rev4score = {{Rating|3.5|4}}<ref>{{cite news |url=
| rev5 = ''[[Muzik]]''
| rev5Score = 10/10<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Massive Attack: Mezzanine (Virgin) |magazine=[[Muzik]] |issue=36 |date=May 1998 |last=Newsome |first=Rachel |page=71}}</ref>
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The album received significant critical acclaim, which praised the collective's new sound. ''[[Rolling Stone]]''{{'}}s [[Barney Hoskyns]], although praising the album, pointed to its flaws: "Sometimes rhythm and texture are explored at the expense of memorable tunes, and the absence of the bizarre [[Tricky (musician)|Tricky]] [...] only highlights the flat, monotonous rapping of the group's 3-D."<ref name="rs"/> [[Robert Christgau]] of ''[[The Village Voice]]'' gave the album a two-star honorable mention rating and selected "Risingson" and "Man Next Door" as highlights.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_album.php?id=2305 |chapter=Massive Attack: Mezzanine |access-date=9 February 2016 |last=Christgau |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Christgau |title=Christgau's Consumer Guide: Albums of the '90s |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers]] |year=2000 |isbn=0-312-24560-2|title-link=Christgau's Consumer Guide: Albums of the '90s}}</ref>
John Bush of [[AllMusic]]
Years after the album was released, it was placed on several best-of lists in the UK and the United States. In 2000, ''[[Q (magazine)|Q]]'' magazine placed ''Mezzanine'' at number 15 on its list of "The 100 Greatest British Albums Ever". In 2013, it was placed at 215 on ''[[NME]]''{{'}}s list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time".<ref name="nme-greatest">{{cite web |url=http://www.nme.com/photos/the-500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-300-201/324403 |title=The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time: 300–201 |work=[[NME]] |date=24 October 2013 |access-date=27 June 2015}}</ref> In 2003, the album was ranked number 412 on ''Rolling Stone'' magazine's list of "[[Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time|The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time]]",<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6626741/412_mezzanine |title=412) Mezzanine |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=1 November 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330075004/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6626741/412_mezzanine |archive-date=30 March 2009 |url-status=dead |access-date=10 December 2011}}</ref> and while it was not included in the 2012 update of the list, it reentered the 2020 update ranked at number 383.<ref>{{cite
By April 2000, the album had sold 2.5 million copies worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=News |url=http://www.red-lines.co.uk/news2000.html |date=20 April 2000 |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=Red Lines}}</ref> As of February 2010, it had sold 560,000 copies in the United States, according to [[Nielsen SoundScan]].<ref name="US sales">{{cite magazine|last=Sexton|first=Paul|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/959308/massive-attack-prove-new-album-was-worth-the-wait|title=Massive Attack Prove New Album Was Worth The Wait|magazine=Billboard|date=19 February 2010}}</ref>
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==20th anniversary reissue==
The album was remastered and reissued for its 20th anniversary. The two-CD anniversary edition was released on 23 August 2019, and comes with a bonus disc of previously unreleased dub mixes by
In lieu of the vinyl reissue, the Mad Professor remixes were released as a pink-coloured 12-inch vinyl single entitled ''Massive Attack v Mad Professor Part II (Mezzanine Remix Tapes '98)'' on 20 September 2019.<ref name="DiscogsMP">{{cite web |title=Massive Attack V Mad Professor Part II (Mezzanine Remix Tapes '98) – Discogs |website=[[Discogs]] |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/14153302 |access-date=11 February 2020}}</ref>
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| title5 = Exchange
| writer5 = {{hlist|[[Bob Hilliard]]|[[Mort Garson]]}}
| extra5 = ''(instrumental)''
| length5 = 4:11
| title6 = Dissolved Girl
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* "Risingson" contains a sample of "[[Loaded (The Velvet Underground album)|I Found a Reason]]" by [[the Velvet Underground]].
* "Exchange" and "(Exchange)" contain samples of "[[Our Day Will Come]]" by [[Isaac Hayes]].
* "Man Next Door" contains a sample of "[[10:15 Saturday Night]]" by [[the Cure]], as well as an uncredited sample of [[Led Zeppelin]]'s version of "[[When the Levee Breaks]]".<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Cardew |first=Bendate |url=https://djmag.com/features/how-massive-attacks-mezzanine-predicted-new-era-british-music |title=How Massive Attack's 'Mezzanine' predicted a new era for British music |magazine=[[DJ Mag]] |date=5 July 2023 |access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref>
==Personnel==
Credits adapted from the liner notes of ''Mezzanine''.<ref name="notes">{{cite AV media notes |title=Mezzanine |type=liner notes |
===Massive Attack===
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===Weekly charts===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+
|-▼
! scope="col"| Chart (1998)
! scope="col"| Peak<br/>position
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{{album chart|Canada|51|chartid=3553|rowheader=true|access-date=12 December 2018|refname="rpm"}}
|-
! scope="row"| Czech Albums ([[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|ČNS IFPI]])<ref>{{cite magazine
| 15
|-
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{{album chart|Netherlands|17|artist=Massive Attack|album=Mezzanine|rowheader=true|access-date=10 January 2013}}
|-
! scope="row"| [[European Top 100 Albums|European Albums]] (''[[Music & Media]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine
| 1
|-
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{{album chart|Germany4|6|id=2743|artist=Massive Attack|album=Mezzanine|rowheader=true|access-date=27 June 2015}}
|-
! scope="row"| Greek Albums ([[IFPI Greece|IFPI]])<ref>{{cite magazine
| 3
|-
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| 1
|-
! scope="row"| Irish Albums ([[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]])<ref name="MM-1998-05-09">{{cite magazine
| 1
|-
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|-
{{album chart|UK2|1|date=19980426|rowheader=true|access-date=27 June 2015|refname="ukchart"}}
▲|-
! scope="row"| [[UK Dance Singles and Albums Charts|UK Dance Albums]] ([[Official Charts Company|OCC]])<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Dance Albums |magazine=[[Music Week]] |date=2 May 1998 |page=25 |issn=0265-1548}}</ref>
| 1
|-
{{album chart|Billboard200|60|artist=Massive Attack|rowheader=true|access-date=12 December 2018|refname="bb200"}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ Weekly chart performance for ''Mezzanine Remix Tapes '98''
! scope="col"| Chart (2019–2020)
! scope="col"| Peak<br />position
|-▼
! scope="row"| Greek Albums ([[IFPI Greece|IFPI]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ifpi.gr/charts_en.html |title=Official IFPI Charts – Top-75 Albums Sales Chart (Combined) – Week: 38/2020 |publisher=[[IFPI Greece]] |access-date=29 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001055942/https://www.ifpi.gr/charts_en.html |archive-date=1 October 2020}}</ref>
| 5
|-
! scope="row"| UK Albums Sales ([[Official Charts Company|OCC]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/albums-sales-chart/20190927/7511/ |title=Official Albums Sales Chart |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] |access-date=29 December 2023}}</ref>
| 32
|-
{{album chart|UKDance|3|date=20190927|rowheader=true|access-date=29 December 2023}}
|-
! scope="row"| UK Physical Albums ([[Official Charts Company|OCC]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/physical-albums-chart/20190927/2/ |title=Official Physical Albums Chart |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] |access-date=29 December 2023}}</ref>
| 22
|-
! scope="row"| [[Official Vinyl Albums Chart|UK Vinyl Albums]] ([[Official Charts Company|OCC]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/vinyl-albums-chart/20190927/9/ |title=Official Vinyl Albums Chart |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] |access-date=29 December 2023}}</ref>
| 5
|}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ 2021 weekly chart performance for ''Mezzanine''
! scope="col"| Chart (2021)
! scope="col"| Peak<br />position
|-
! scope="row"| Greek Albums ([[IFPI Greece|IFPI]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ifpi.gr/charts_en.html |title=Official IFPI Charts – Top-75 Albums Sales Chart (Combined) – Week: 24/2021 |publisher=IFPI Greece |access-date=29 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701180158/http://www.ifpi.gr/charts_en.html |archive-date=1 July 2021}}</ref>
| 5
|}
{{col-2}}
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{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ 1998 year-end chart performance for ''Mezzanine''
▲|-
! scope="col"| Chart (1998)
! scope="col"| Position
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| 75
|-
! scope="row"| European Albums (''Music & Media'')<ref>{{cite magazine
| 22
|-
! scope="row"| French Albums (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.snepmusique.com/fr/pag-259376-Classements-Annuels.html?year=1998&type=2 |title=Classement Albums – année 1998 |language=fr |publisher=[[
| 46
|-
! scope="row"| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/charts/album-jahr/for-date-1998 |title=Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts – 1998 |language=de |publisher=
| 34
|-
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{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ 1999 year-end chart performance for ''Mezzanine''
▲|-
! scope="col"| Chart (1999)
! scope="col"| Position
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==Certifications and sales==
{{Certification Table Top|caption=Certifications and sales for ''Mezzanine''}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|artist=Massive Attack|title=Mezzanine|award=Platinum|type=album|certyear=1998|access-date=10 January 2013}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Austria|artist=Massive Attack|title=Mezzanine|award=Gold|type=album|relyear=1998|access-date=10 January 2013}}
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==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
*{{cite book|title=A Brief History of Album Covers|first=Jason|last=Draper|publisher=Flame Tree Publishing|location=London|year=2008|pages=336–337|isbn=9781847862112|oclc=227198538}}
{{Massive Attack}}
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