Content deleted Content added
Added "(especially the affordability and availability of insurance)" in lede per Insurance subsection |
GreenC bot (talk | contribs) Move 1 url. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#articles.latimes.com |
||
| (5 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
Line 109:
The [[Fifth National Climate Assessment]] states that climate change impacts communities over all the territory of the United States. The impacts differ from state to state. The human and economic toll is high. Scientists now can say with relatively high confidence how much climate change impacted a specific meteorological event. The impacts mentioned in the report include, increase in frequency and magnitude of [[Heat wave|heat waves]], [[Drought|droughts]], [[flooding|floods]], [[hurricanes]] and more.<ref name=CNN/>
An article in ''Science'' predicts that the [[Southern United States|Southern states]], such as Texas, Florida, and the [[Deep South]] will be economically affected by climate change more severely than northern states (some of which would even gain benefits), but that economic impacts of climate change would likely exacerbate preexisting [[Income inequality in the United States|economic inequality]] in the country.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hsiang|first1=Solomon|last2=Kopp|first2=Robert|last3=Jina|first3=Amir|last4=Rising|first4=James|last5=Delgado|first5=Michael|last6=Mohan|first6=Shashank|last7=Rasmussen|first7=D. J.|last8=Muir-Wood|first8=Robert|last9=Wilson|first9=Paul|last10=Oppenheimer|first10=Michael|last11=Larsen|first11=Kate|date=2017-06-30|title=Estimating economic damage from climate change in the United States|journal=Science|language=en|volume=356|issue=6345|pages=1362–1369|doi=10.1126/science.aal4369|issn=0036-8075|pmid=28663496|bibcode=2017Sci...356.1362H|s2cid=217546780|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Heidari|first1=Hadi|last2=Arabi|first2=Mazdak|last3=Warziniack|first3=Travis|last4=Kao|first4=Shih-Chieh|date=June 2021|title=Shifts in hydroclimatology of US megaregions in response to climate change|journal=Environmental Research Communications|language=en|volume=3|issue=6|pages=065002|doi=10.1088/2515-7620/ac0617|bibcode=2021ERCom...3f5002H|s2cid=235367031|issn=2515-7620|doi-access=free}}</ref> In September 2020, a subcommittee of the [[Commodity Futures Trading Commission]] issued a report that concluded that climate change poses [[systemic risk]]s to the [[Financial services in the United States|U.S. financial system]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Egan|first=Matt|date=September 9, 2020|title=US report warns climate change could create economic chaos|publisher=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/09/business/climate-change-economy-cftc-report/index.html|access-date=May 14, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=CFTC's Climate-Related Market Risk Subcommittee Releases Report|date=September 9, 2020|publisher=Commodity Futures Trading Commission|url=https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8234-20|access-date=May 14, 2024}}</ref><ref name="CFTC 2020">{{cite report|title=Managing Climate Risk in the U.S. Financial System|year=2020|publisher=Commodity Futures Trading Commission|page=ii|url=https://www.cftc.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/9-9-20%20Report%20of%20the%20Subcommittee%20on%20Climate-Related%20Market%20Risk%20-%20Managing%20Climate%20Risk%20in%20the%20U.S.%20Financial%20System%20for%20posting.pdf|isbn=978-0578748412|access-date=May 14, 2024}}</ref> while the [[Financial Stability Oversight Council]] released a report in October 2021 that identified climate change as an emerging and increasing threat to the stability of the U.S. financial system.<ref>{{cite news|last=Newburger|first=Emma|date=October 21, 2021|title=U.S. government agency in charge of financial stability weighs in on climate change risks|publisher=CNBC|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/10/21/financial-stability-oversight-council-weighs-in-on-climate-risks.html|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=Financial Stability Oversight Council Identifies Climate Change as an Emerging and Increasing Threat to Financial Stability|date=October 21, 2021|publisher=U.S. Treasury Department|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0426|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=Report on Climate-Related Financial Risk 2021|date=October 21, 2021|publisher=U.S. Treasury Department|url=https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/261/FSOC-Climate-Report.pdf|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref>
A 2021 survey of 1,422 members of the [[American Economic Association]] found that 86 percent of professional economists generally agreed with the statement: "Climate change poses a major risk to the US economy."<ref name="2021 AEA survey">{{cite conference|last1=Geide-Stevenson|first1=Doris|last2=La Parra-Perez|first2=Alvaro|year=2022|title=Consensus among economists 2020 – A sharpening of the picture|conference=Western Economic Association International Annual Conference|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357526861|access-date=October 13, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hillyer|first1=Jack|last2=Licea|first2=Mark|last3=Lee|first3=Juhohn|last4=Jacobson|first4=Lindsey|date=March 17, 2024|title=Economists discuss the effects of climate change on the U.S. economy|publisher=CNBC|url=https://www.cnbc.com/video/2024/03/17/economists-discuss-the-effects-of-climate-change-on-the-us-economy.html|access-date=May 20, 2024}}</ref> In September 2023, the [[United States Department of the Treasury|U.S. Treasury Department]] issued a report in consultation with the [[Financial Literacy and Education Commission]] found that 13% of Americans experienced financial hardship in 2022 due to the effects of climate change after $176 billion in weather disasters.<ref>{{cite report|title=The Impact of Climate Change on American Household Finances|date=September 29, 2023|publisher=U.S. Treasury Department|url=https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/Climate_Change_Household_Finances.pdf|access-date=June 9, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=U.S. Department of the Treasury Releases Report on Climate Change and Household Finances|date=September 29, 2023|publisher=U.S. Treasury Department|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy1776|access-date=June 9, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=FACT SHEET: The Impact of Climate Change on American Household Finances|date=September 29, 2023|publisher=U.S. Treasury Department|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy1775|access-date=June 9, 2024}}</ref> In April 2024, [[Consumer Reports]] announced the release of a report commissioned from [[ICF International]] that estimated that climate change could cost Americans born in 2024 nearly $500,000 over their lifetimes.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Medintz|first=Scott|date=April 16, 2024|title=Climate Change Could Cost Each American Born Today $500,000|magazine=Consumer Reports|url=https://www.consumerreports.org/home-garden/climate-change/the-per-person-financial-cost-of-climate-change-a6081217358/|access-date=June 9, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|last1=Harto|first1=Chris|last2=Grose|first2=Alexandra|title=Consumer Reports: As Earth Day arrives, the lifetime cost of climate change for a baby born in the U.S. in 2024 could be nearly $500,000|publisher=Consumer Reports|url=https://advocacy.consumerreports.org/press_release/earth-day-2024-report/|access-date=June 9, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=Cost of Climate Change to an American Born in 2024|date=February 23, 2024|publisher=Consumer Reports|url=https://advocacy.consumerreports.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ICF-CR-Cost-of-Climate-Change-Study.pdf|access-date=June 9, 2024}}</ref> ===Agriculture and food security===
Line 209 ⟶ 211:
In 2014, the [[Texas Legislature|Texas legislature]] approved a 10% reduction for the Highly Reactive Volatile Organic Compound (HRVOC) emission limit.<ref name="tceq.texas.gov">{{Cite web |title=Highly Reactive Volatile Organic Compound Emissions Cap and Trade Program |url=https://www.tceq.texas.gov/airquality/banking/hrvoc_ept_prog.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527111025/https://www.tceq.texas.gov/airquality/banking/hrvoc_ept_prog.html |archive-date=May 27, 2021 |access-date=2017-11-30 |website=TCEQ}}</ref> This was followed by a 5% reduction for each subsequent year until a total of 25% percent reduction was achieved in 2017.<ref name="tceq.texas.gov" />
In February 2007, five U.S. states and four Canadian provinces joined to create the [[Western Climate Initiative]] (WCI), a regional greenhouse gas emissions trading system.<ref>[http://www.westernclimateinitiative.org/ Western Climate Initiative] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423080828/http://www.westernclimateinitiative.org/|date=2008-04-23}}.</ref> In July 2010, a meeting took place to further outline the cap-and-trade system.<ref>[
In 1997, the State of [[Illinois]] adopted a trading program for [[Volatile organic compound|volatile organic compounds]] in most of the Chicago area, called the Emissions Reduction Market System.<ref>{{cite web |year=2007 |title=Emissions Reduction Market System What Is ERMS? |url=http://www.epa.state.il.us/air/erms/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128104812/http://www.epa.state.il.us/air/erms/ |archive-date=2014-11-28 |access-date=2005-09-22 |publisher=Illinois EPA}}</ref> Beginning in 2000, over 100 major sources of pollution in eight Illinois counties began trading pollution credits.
Line 247 ⟶ 249:
Across the country, regional organizations, [[U.S. state|states]], and cities are achieving real emissions reductions and gaining valuable policy experience as they take action on climate change. According to the report of [[America's Pledge]], 65% of the American population, 51% of the GHG emissions and 68% of the GDP, are now part of different coalitions that support climate action and want to fulfill the commitments of the US in the Paris Agreement. The coalitions include [[We Are Still In]], [[US Climate Alliance]], [[Climate Mayors]] and more.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.bbhub.io/dotorg/sites/28/2019/12/Accelerating-Americas-Pledge.pdf|title=ACCELERATING AMERICA'S PLEDGE|date=2019|publisher=Bloomberg Philanthropies with University of Maryland Center for Global Sustainability, Rocky Mountain Institute, and World Resources Institute.|location=New York|pages=2, 50|access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref>
These actions include increasing [[renewable energy]] generation, selling agricultural [[carbon sequestration]] credits, and encouraging [[efficient energy use]].<ref name="autogenerated1">{{citation|author=Engel, Kirsten and Barak Orbach|title=Micro-Motives for State and Local Climate Change Initiatives|year=2008|publisher=[[Harvard Law & Policy Review]], Vol. 2, pp. 119-137|ssrn=1014749}}</ref> The [[U.S. Climate Change Science Program]] is a joint program of over twenty U.S. cabinet departments and federal agencies, all working together to investigate climate change. In June 2008, a report issued by the program stated that weather would become more extreme, due to climate change.<ref name="AP 6-19-08">{{cite web|last=Schmid|first=Randolph E.|date=June 19, 2008|title=Extreme weather to increase with climate change|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080619/ap_on_go_ot/sci_weather_extremes;_ylt=ApgxLfjbrNsYCTb0l7Xyx6ZI2ocA|publisher=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=June 19, 2008|title=U.S. experts: Forecast is more extreme weather|url=
Many states are participating in [[regional climate change initiatives in the United States|regional climate change initiatives]], such as the [[Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative]] in the northeastern United States, the [[Western Governors' Association]] (WGA) Clean and Diversified Energy Initiative, and the Southwest Climate Change Initiative.
Line 313 ⟶ 315:
In the [[exit poll]]s for the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 U.S. presidential election]], 67 percent of voters surveyed agreed that climate change is a serious problem,<ref>{{Cite news |title=National Results 2020 President exit polls. |language=en |work=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/election/2020/exit-polls/president/national-results |access-date=2020-12-04}}</ref> while 71 percent of voters surveyed in the exit polls for the [[2022 United States House of Representatives elections|2022 U.S. House of Representatives elections]] agreed that climate change is a "very serious" or "somewhat serious" problem.<ref>{{cite news |date=November 9, 2022 |title=Exit polls for Midterm Election Results 2022 |publisher=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/election/2022/exit-polls/national-results/house/0 |access-date=November 17, 2022}}</ref>
In July 2024, [[Resources for the Future]] and the Political Psychology Research Group of [[Stanford University]] released the 2024 edition of a joint survey of 1,000 U.S. adults that found that while 77% believed that global warming would hurt future generations at least a moderate amount, only 55% believed that global warming would hurt them personally–which was lower than the peak response to the question in the survey series in 2010 when 63% of survey respondents believed that global warming would hurt them personally.<ref>{{cite news|last=Iacurci|first=Greg|date=July 16, 2024|title=Many Americans think they're insulated from climate change. Their finances indicate otherwise|publisher=CNBC|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/07/16/how-climate-change-may-impact-americans-wallets.html|access-date=July 16, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|last1=Krosnick|first1=Jon A.|author-link1=Jon Krosnick|last2=MacInnis|first2=Bo|date=July 15, 2024|title=Climate Insights 2024: American Understanding of Climate Change|series=24-11|page=7|publisher=Resources For the Future|url=https://media.rff.org/documents/Report_24-11.pdf|access-date=July 16, 2024}}</ref>
One April 2012 ''[[Stanford Social Innovation Review]]'' article said that public opinion in the United States varies intensely enough to be considered a [[culture war]].<ref>[http://www.ssireview.org/articles/entry/climate_science_as_culture_war ''Climate Science as Culture War: The public debate around climate change is no longer about science – it’s about values, culture, and ideology''] Fall 2012 [[Stanford Social Innovation Review]]</ref>
| |||