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{{Infobox military person
| name ='''Anton Ferdinand CountFreiherr Mittrowsky von Mittrowitz und Nemyšl'''
| image =La Bataille du Pont d'Arcole.jpg
| image_size =250px
| caption =''The Battle of Arcole'' by Horace Vernet. Mittrowsky's troopsAustrian soldiers held Arcole for almost three days against persistent French attacks.
| birth_date ={{birth-date|1745}}
| death_date ={{death-date and age|30 September 1809|1745}}
Line 13 ⟶ 12:
| serviceyears =
| rank =[[Feldmarschall-Leutnant]]
| battles =
{{tree list}}
* [[French Revolutionary Wars]]
** [[Battle of Neerwinden (1793)|Battle of Neerwinden]]
** [[Battle of Famars]] (1793)
** [[Siege of Le Quesnoy (1793)|Siege of Le Quesnoy]]
** [[Siege of Landrecies (1794)|Siege of Landrecies]]
** [[Battle of Beaumont (1794)|Battle of Beaumont]]
** [[Battle of Courtrai (1794)|Battle of Courtrai]]
** [[Battle of Fleurus (1794)|Battle of Fleurus]]
** [[Battle of Castiglione]] (1796)
** [[Battle of Arcole]] (1796)
** [[SiegeBattle of MantuaVerona (1796–17971799)|Battle of Verona]]
** [[Battle of Verona (1799)Magnano]]
** [[BattleSiege of Magnano]]Turin (1799)
** [[Battle of Novi (1799)|Battle of Novi]]
** [[Battle of Genola]] (1799)
* [[Napoleonic Wars]]
** [[Battle of Caldiero (1805)|Battle of Caldiero]]
{{tree list/end}}
| awards =
| laterwork =
}}
'''Anton Ferdinand CountFreiherr Mittrowsky von Mittrowitz und Nemyšl''', or '''Anton MittrovskyMittrowsky''',<ref group=note>Smith & Kudrna refer to him as Anton Ferdinand Mittrowsky whereas Schmidt-Brentano (p. 65) and Wurzbach (p. 389) refer to him as Anton Mittrowsky. Boycott-Brown (p. 556) calls him Anton Mittrovsky.</ref> (1745 – 30 September 1809) was promoted to [[general officer]] in the spring of 1796, just in time to lead a brigade against [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] during the [[Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars|1796–1797 Italian Campaign]] in the [[War of the First Coalition]]. He served as a regimental commander in 1792–1796, leading his unit at [[Battle of Neerwinden (1793)|Neerwinden]], [[Battle of Famars|Famars]], and [[Siege of Le Quesnoy (1793)|Le Quesnoy in 1793]]. In the following year, he led the regiment at [[Siege of Landrecies (1794)|Landrecies]], [[Battle of Beaumont (1794)|Beaumont]], [[Battle of Courtrai (1794)|Courtrai]], and [[Battle of Fleurus (1794)|Fleurus]]. In 1796, he led a brigade at [[Battle of Castiglione|Castiglione]] and [[Second Battle of Bassano|2nd Bassano]], and played a pivotal role at [[Battle of Arcole|Arcole]], nearly defeating Bonaparte. In 1799, he commanded troops at [[Battle of Verona (1799)|Verona]], [[Battle of Magnano|Magnano]], [[Battle of Novi (1799)|Novi]], and [[Battle of Genola|Genola]]. During the [[Napoleonic Wars]] he led forces at [[Battle of Caldiero (1805)|Caldiero]] in 1805. He became the [[Proprietor (Inhaber)]] of an Austrian infantry regiment from 1806 until his death three years later.
 
==War of the First Coalition==
Born into a military family{{sfn|Schmidt-Brentano|2006|p=65}} around 1745,{{sfn|Smith|Kudrna|2008}}<ref group=note>Schmidt-Brentano (p. 65) and Wurzbach (p. 389) both gave birth dates of 1735, but Smith & Kudrna stated that Mittrowsky died in 1809 at age 64, i.e., he was born about 1745.</ref> Mittrowsky joined the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg]] army at an unknown date and served as [[Oberst]] ([[colonel]]) of the ''Callenberg'' Infantry Regiment Nr. 54 in 1792–1796.{{sfn|Wrede|1898|p=494}} Mittrowsky led the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the regiment in battles at [[Tienen|Tirlemont]] on 16 March 1793, [[Battle of Neerwinden (1793)|Neerwinden]] on 18 March, and [[Lubbeek|Pellenberg]] on 23 March. In the last action, his regiment captured Pellenberg and then stoutly defended it against French counterattacks.{{sfn|Smith|1998|pp=43–44}}{{sfn|Wrede|1898|p=497}} At Neerwinden, the ''Callenberg'' Regiment fought in the 2nd Rank under [[Feldzeugmeister]] (FZM) [[Wenzel Joseph von Colloredo]].{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=44}} At the [[Battle of Famars]] on 23 May 1793, Mittrowsky led the ''Callenberg'' regiment in the 1st Main Column under [[Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany]].{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=46}} During the [[Siege of Le Quesnoy (1793)|Siege of Le Quesnoy]], his regiment distinguished itself defending the Forest of Mormal.{{sfn|Wrede|1898|p=497}}
 
At the start of 1794, the 1st and 2nd Battalions garrisoned [[Denain]] and later [[Mons, Belgium|Mons]].{{sfn|Wrede|1898|p=498}} Three battalions of the ''Callenberg'' Regiment were present at the [[Siege of Landrecies (1794)|Siege of Landrecies]] and at the [[Battle of Beaumont (1794)|Battle of Beaumont]] on 26 April 1794.{{sfn|Smith|1998|pp=75–76}} The 2nd Battalion fought at [[Ingelmunster]] on 12 May, which was part of the [[Battle of Courtrai (1794)|Battle of Courtrai]].{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=78}} The 3rd Battalion was captured at the [[Siege of Ypres (1794)|Siege of Ypres]].{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=85}} Two battalions of the ''Callenberg'' Regiment fought at the [[Battle of Fleurus (1794)|Battle of Fleurus]] on 26 June.{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=87}} One battalion was captured at the Siege of Valenciennes on 27 August and was released, not to fight against France until exchanged.{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=90}}{{sfn|Wrede|1898|p=498}}<ref group=note>Wrede (p. 498) stated that the 1st Battalion was captured at Valenciennes while Smith (p. 90) asserted it was the 2nd Battalion.</ref>
 
Mittrowsky received promotion to the rank of [[major general|Generalmajor]] (GM) on 30 April 1796 to date from 19 February 1795.{{sfn|Schmidt-Brentano|2006|p=65}} During the first relief of the [[Siege of Mantua (1796–1797)|Siege of Mantua]], he led a brigade in [[Feldmarschall-Leutnant]] (FML) [[Paul Davidovich]]'s III Column which had a total strength of 8,274 infantry, 1,618 cavalry, 32 position guns, and 8 howitzers.{{sfn|Boycott-Brown|2001|p=378}} Detached from his parent column, Mittrowsky's brigade occupied the Chiusa fort and scouted toward [[Verona]].{{sfn|Boycott-Brown|2001|ppp=381–383}} At the [[Battle of Castiglione]] on 5 August, Mittrowsky helped defend the right flank against [[André Masséna]]'s attacks.{{sfn|Boycott-Brown|2001|p=401}}
 
At the start of the third relief of Mantua, Mittrowsky's brigade held the upper [[Brenta River]] valley as a link between the [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]] Corps to the north and the [[Friuli]] Corps to the east.{{sfn|Boycott-Brown|2001|p=447}} After army commander FZM [[Jozsef Alvinczi]] reached the Brenta with the Friuli Corps, Mittrowsky moved to join its right wing.{{sfn|Boycott-Brown|2001|p=449}} After heavy fighting in the [[Second Battle of Bassano]] on 6 November 1796, Mittrowsky's brigade, which numbered about 3,000 men, was still coming up in the rear of Alvinczi's main body.{{sfn|Boycott-Brown|2001|p=458}}
 
When Bonaparte's French army suddenly crossed the [[Adige River]] on the morning of 15 November 1796, Oberst Wenzel Brigido's 4 battalions held [[Arcole]] and [[San Bonifacio]] while Mittrowsky's 3 battalions lay at [[Cologna Veneta]].{{sfn|Boycott-Brown|2001|p=460}} The initial French attacks in the [[Battle of Arcole]] were repelled by 2 battalions of Brigido's Croats defending the village. By 12:30 pm, the first of Mittrowsky's soldiers began to arrive at Arcole and by 3:00 pm all his troops were present. Bonaparte personally led a charge on Arcole, but it was repulsed like all earlier attacks. In the evening, a French force finally seized Arcole.{{sfn|Boycott-Brown|2001|pp=462–466}}
When Bonaparte suddenly crossed the [[Adige River]] on the morning of 15 November, Mittrowsky lay nearby with three battalions.<ref>Boycott-Brown, p 460</ref> He played a prominent role during all three days of the [[Battle of Arcole]]. By early afternoon on the first day, his troops reinforced the village of [[Arcole]]. By virtue of seniority, Mittrowsky assumed command over the soldiers of [[Colonel]] Wenzel Brigido as well as his own. His troops stubbornly held the village all day, but the French forced his troops out of Arcole late that evening. He reoccupied the place when Bonaparte withdrew the isolated French force. On the second day, Alvinczi entrusted him with 14 battalions and gave him instructions to drive the French into the Adige. The order proved impossible to carry out because the French were too numerous, but Mittrowsky's capable defense of Arcole on the 16th kept Bonaparte's troops at bay. On 17 November he came close to defeating Bonaparte. The French finally drove the Austrians from the village at 5 pm on the third day, but only after drawing troops from the other wing of their army.<ref name="Boycott-Brown, p 474-475">Boycott-Brown, p 474-475</ref>
 
Mittrowsky reoccupied Arcole when Bonaparte withdrew the isolated French force. On 16 November, Alvinczi entrusted Mittrowsky with 14 infantry battalions and 2 cavalry squadrons from the brigades of Oberst Franz Sticker and GM [[Anton Schübirz von Chobinin]]. Alvinczi instructed him to attack at dawn, in conjunction with a second column under FML [[Giovanni Marchese di Provera]]; they were to drive the French back to the Adige. Mittrowsky's column made good progress, but when Provera's column was beaten, Mittrowsky's men lost heart and fell back. Mittrowsky then capably defended Arcole, and his troops repulsed repeated French attacks for the remainder of the day.{{sfn|Boycott-Brown|2001|pp=467–469}} On 17 November, after heavy fighting all day, the French finally captured Arcole at 5:00 pm and Mittrowsky withdrew his troops to San Bonifacio. With his army no longer in a defensible position, Alvinczi ordered a retreat. In three days of fighting, the Austrians sustained 6,211 casualties.{{sfn|Boycott-Brown|2001|pp=470–476}} Mittrowsky missed the [[Battle of Rivoli]] in January 1797, being employed in guarding the [[Valsugana]] with a brigade consisting of 3,497 infantry and 73 cavalry.{{sfn|Boycott-Brown|2001|pp=491–492}}
Mittrowsky missed the [[Battle of Rivoli]] in January 1797, being employed in guarding the Brenta valley with a 3,500-man brigade.<ref name="Boycott-Brown, p 474-475"/>
 
The outbreak of the [[War of the Second Coalition]] found Mittrowsky serving in the army of Italy under [[Pál Kray]]. He fought at the drawn Battle of Verona on 26 March 1799.<ref>Acerbi, Verona article</ref> A little over a week later, he led a brigade in Karl Mercandin's column at the [[Battle of Magnano]].{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=151}} During the [[Battle of Novi (1799)|Battle of Novi]] in August 1799, his brigade fought with the left wing under the overall supervision of [[Michael von Melas]].{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=163}} Mittrowsky was elevated in rank to [[Lieutenant General|Feldmarschall-Leutnant]] in October 1799.{{sfn|Smith|Kudrna|2008}}
 
==Later career==
[[File:Battle of Novi.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|alt=Painting shows a multitude of soldiers in the foreground and a town in the distance.|Battle of Novi, by [[Alexander Kotzebue]] ]]
Mittrowsky led a division in the army of [[Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen|Archduke Charles]] at the [[Battle of Caldiero (1805)|Battle of Caldiero]] in late October 1805.<ref>Smith, p 209–210</ref> During the period 1806–1809, he was deputy to [[Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein]], the commanding general in Upper and Lower Austria and Salzburg.{{sfn|Wurzbach|1857|p=389}} [[Francis II of Austria|Emperor Francis II]] appointed him [[inhaber]] (proprietor) of the ''Anton Mittrowsky'' Infantry Regiment Nr. 10 in 1806, assuming the position from the previous inhaber, Christian Friedrich von Ansbach und Bayreuth. He remained proprietor until his death when Franz Reisky von Dubnitz became inhaber.{{sfn|Wrede|1898|p=182}} A relative was inhaber of the ''Joseph Mittrowsky'' Infantry Regiment Nr. 40 from 1786 to 1808. Anton Mittrowsky died in [[Vienna]] on 30 September 1809.{{sfn|Smith|Kudrna|2008}}▼
The outbreak of the [[War of the Second Coalition]] found Mittrowsky serving in the army of Italy under FML [[Pál Kray]].{{sfn|Acerbi|2007}} The [[Battle of Verona (1799)|Battle of Verona]] on 26 March 1799 was actually three separate actions, those of [[Pastrengo]], [[Verona]], and [[Legnago]]. The French prevailed in the first two actions while the Austrians won at Legnago.{{sfn|Smith|1998|pp=149–150}} At Legnago, Mittrowsky commanded 2,186 soldiers that belonged to 2 battalions of ''vacant ex-Priess'' Infantry Regiment Nr. 24.{{sfn|Acerbi|2007}} At the [[Battle of Magnano]] on 5 April, Mittrowsky led a brigade in FML [[Karl Mercandin]]'s division consisting of Infantry Regiments Nr. 24 and ''[[Michael von Fröhlich|Frelich]]'' Nr. 28. Mercandin was killed at Magnano{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=151}} and the division was subsequently led by FML [[Konrad Valentin von Kaim]], but the source does not say if Mittrowsky served at the [[Battle of Cassano (1799)|Battle of Cassano]].{{sfn|Duffy|1999|p=50}} Mittrowsky served under Kaim at the Siege of Turin which fell on 20 June 1799 after a 10 day investment. Mittrowsky reported that risky measures were taken in order to force a rapid surrender.{{sfn|Duffy|1999|pp=121, 126}}
 
During the [[Battle of Novi (1799)|Battle of Novi]] on 15 August 1799, Mittrowsky fought with the left wing under the overall supervision of FZM [[Michael von Melas]].{{sfn|Duffy|1999|p=136}}{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=163}} Mittrowsky led 2 battalions of the ''[[Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg|Fürstenberg]]'' Infantry Regiment Nr. 36 and 2 squadrons of the ''Lobkowitz'' Dragoon Regiment Nr. 10. His troops advanced south and then swung west, keeping on the left of the two grenadier brigades. The French repulsed the right-hand grenadier brigade, but the second brigade and Mittrowsky's troops outflanked them and forced them to retreat.{{sfn|Duffy|1999|pp=144–145}} On 13 October 1799, Mittrowsky with 6 battalions and 4 squadrons attacked 2,000 French troops in [[Beinette]], driving them out. The French returned and a see-saw battle occurred which the Austrians won, capturing 465 French soldiers.{{sfn|Acerbi|2009a}} Mittrowsky was elevated in rank to Feldmarschall-Leutnant on 2 October 1799, to date from 17 September 1799.{{sfn|Schmidt-Brentano|2006|p=65}} Mittrowsky commanded the second column at the [[Battle of Genola]] on 4–5 November. His force included the Infantry Regiments ''Reisky'' Nr. 13 (1,120 men), ''[[Ludwig, Baron of Terzi|Terzi]]'' Nr. 16 (718 men), and ''Joseph Mittrowsky'' Nr. 40 (846 men).{{sfn|Acerbi|2009b}}
 
▲Mittrowsky led a division in the army of [[Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen|Archduke Charles]] at the [[Battle of Caldiero (1805)|Battle of Caldiero]] inon late29–31 October 1805.<ref>Smith His division included Infantry Regiments ''[[Wenzel Joseph von Colloredo|Wenzel Colloredo]]'' Nr. 56 (4 battalions), p''Esterhazy'' Nr. 32 (3 battalions), and ''[[Gabriel Anton, Baron Splény de Miháldy|Splény]]'' Nr. 51 (3 battalions).{{sfn|Smith|1998|pp=209–210</ref>}} During the period 1806–1809, he was deputy to FML [[Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein]], the commanding general in Upper and Lower Austria and Salzburg.{{sfn|Wurzbach|18571857a|p=389}} [[Francis II of Austria|Emperor Francis II]] appointed him [[inhaber]] (proprietor) of the ''Anton Mittrowsky'' Infantry Regiment Nr. 10 in 1806, assuming the position from the previous inhaber, [[Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach|Christian Friedrich von Ansbach und -Bayreuth]]. He remained proprietor until his death when Franz Reisky von Dubnitz became inhaber.{{sfn|Wrede|1898|p=182}} A relative was inhaber of the ''Joseph Mittrowsky'' Infantry Regiment Nr. 40 from 1786 to 1808. Anton Mittrowsky died in [[Vienna]] on 30 September 1809.{{sfn|Smith|Kudrna|2008}}
 
==Notes==
Line 61 ⟶ 66:
 
==References==
*{{cite web|last=Acerbi |first=Enrico |title=The 1799 Campaign in Italy: Austrian Deployment Approaching the Legnago Battle |publisher=The Napoleon Series |year=2007 |access-date=30 July 2023 |url=http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/battles/1799/c_1799i.html }}
*{{cite web|last=Acerbi |first=Enrico |title=The 1799 Campaign in Italy: The Last Battles & the End of the Directory's Wars August-December 1799 |publisher=The Napoleon Series |year=2009a |access-date=31 July 2023 |url=https://www.napoleon-series.org/military-info/battles/1799/Italy/c_1799z29.html }}
*{{cite web|last=Acerbi |first=Enrico |title=The 1799 Campaign in Italy: the Battle of Genola (4 - 5 November 1799) |publisher=The Napoleon Series |year=2009b |access-date=31 July 2023 |url=https://www.napoleon-series.org/military-info/battles/1799/Italy/c_1799z32.html }}
*{{cite book|last=Boycott-Brown |first=Martin |title=The Road to Rivoli: Napoleon's First Campaign |location=London, UK |year=2001 |publisher=Cassell & Co. |isbn=0-304-35305-1}}
*{{cite book|last=ChandlerDuffy |first=David G.Christopher |authorlink=DavidChristopher G.Duffy Chandler|year=1999 |title=TheEagles CampaignsOver ofthe NapoleonAlps: |location=NewSuvorov Yorkin Italy and Switzerland, N.Y.1799 |publisher=MacmillanThe Emperor's Press |yearlocation=1966Chicago, Ill. |isbn=01-02883476-52366018-16 }}
*{{cite web|last=Schmidt-Brentano |first=Antonio |title=Kaiserliche und k.k. Generale (1618-1815) |publisher=Österreichisches Staatsarchiv |year=2006 |access-date=21 July 2023 |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=Kaiserliche+und+k.k.+Generale |language=German }}
*{{cite book|last=Smith |first=Digby |authorlink=Digby Smith |title=The Napoleonic Wars Data Book |year=1998 |location=London |publisher=Greenhill |isbn=1-85367-276-9 }}
*{{cite web|last1=Smith |first1=Digby |last2=Kudrna |first2=Leopold |title=Austrian Generals of 1792-1815: Mittrowsky von Mittrowitz und Nemysl, Anton Ferdinand Freiherr |publisher=napoleon-series.org |year=2008 |accessdate=21 July 2023 |url=https://www.napoleon-series.org/research/biographies/Austria/AustrianGenerals/c_AustrianGeneralsM.html#M56 }}
*{{cite web|last=Wrede |first=Alphons |title=Geschichte der K. und K. Wehrmacht, Vol. 1 |location=Vienna |publisher=L. W. Seidel & Sohn |year=1898 |access-date=27 July 2023 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5J8PAQAAIAAJ&q=Mittrowsky&f=false#v=snippet |language=German }}
*{{cite web|last=Wurzbach |first=Constant |title=Biographisches Lexikon des Kaisertums Österreich, vol. 18 |year=18571857a |location=Vienna |access-date=27 July 2023 |url=http://www.literature.at/viewer.alo?objid=11640&page=395&scale=3.33&viewmode=fullscreen |language=German |page=389 }}
 
==Further reading==
*{{cite book|last=Chandler |first=David G. |authorlink=David G. Chandler |title=The Campaigns of Napoleon |location=New York, N.Y. |publisher=Macmillan |year=1966 |isbn=0-02-523660-1 }}
*{{cite book|last=Fiebeger |first=G. J. |year=1911 |title=The Campaigns of Napoleon Bonaparte of 1796–1797|location=West Point, New York |publisher=US Military Academy Printing Office |url=https://archive.org/details/campaignsnapole00unkngoog}}
*{{cite web|last=Wurzbach |first=Constant |title=Biographisches Lexikon des Kaisertums Österreich, vol. 18, Mittrowsky, Anton Freiherr von |year=18571857b |location=Vienna |access-date=27 July 2023 |url=https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/BLK%C3%96:Mittrovsky,_Anton_Freiherr_von |language=German |page=389 }}
 
{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{succession box | title= [[Oberst|Oberst (Colonel)]] of Infantry Regiment Nr. 54 | before = [[Wilhelm Lothar Maria von Kerpen]] | after = Johann Hansch | years=1792–1796 }}
{{succession box | title= [[Proprietor (Inhaber)]] of Infantry Regiment Nr. 10 | before= [[Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach|Christian Friedrich von Ansbach und -Bayreuth]] | after= Franz Reisky von Dubnitz| years=1806–1809 }}
{{s-end}}
 
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[[Category:Austrian Empire commanders of the Napoleonic Wars]]
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