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{{Short description|Flemish artist (1523–1605)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
[[File:Hendrick Goltzius - Portrait of Stradanus.jpeg|thumb|260px|''Portrait of Stradanus'' by [[Hendrick Goltzius]], 1591]]
'''Stradanus''', '''Johannes Stradanus''', '''Jan van der Straet''' or '''Giovanni Stradano'''<ref>More name variations: Johannes Stradanus, Giovanni della Strada, Johannes della Strada, Giovanni Stradano, Johannes Stradano, Giovanni Stradanus, Johannes Stradanus, Jan van Straeten, Jan van Straten</ref><ref name=rkd>[https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/75652 Jan van der Straet] at the [[Netherlands Institute for Art History]] {{in lang|nl}}</ref><ref name=lig>[https://archive.org/details/deliggerenenand00lukagoog/page/n180 De liggeren en andere historische archieven der Antwerpsche sint Lucasgilde van 1453–1615], edited and published by Ph. Rombouts and Th. van Lerius, Antwerp, 1872–1876, p. 153 {{in lang|nl}}</ref> (1523 – 2 November 1605) was a Flemish artist active mainly in 16th-century [[Florence]], Italy. He was a wide-ranging talent who worked as an easel and fresco painter, designer of tapestries, draughtsman, designer of prints and pottery decorator. His subject range was varied and included history subjects, mythological scenes, allegories, landscapes, genre scenes, portraits, architectural scenes and animals.<ref name=rkd/> After training in his native Flanders, he left his home country and ultimately settled down in
He was a prolific designer of prints which were circulated widely throughout Europe for many centuries.<ref name=snel/> Through his knowledge of Florentine and Italian art and his international contacts with engravers and editors in Antwerp, Stradanus contributed to the development of printmaking.<ref name=cod>{{cite web|title=Stradanus (1523-1605), artist at the Medici court. Exhibition: 9 October 2008 – 4 January 2009|url=https://www.codart.nl/guide/agenda/stradanus-1523-1605-hofkunstenaar-van-de-medici|work=at Codart|accessdate=4 October 2019}}</ref> He was one of the earliest members of the prominent [[Accademia delle Arti del Disegno|Accademia e Compagnia delle Arti del Disegno]] established in Florence in 1563. Stradanus also worked on various commissions in Rome, and resided in Naples from 1576 until about 1580. Thereafter he returned to Florence, dying there in 1605.<ref name=hol>[https://www.hollstein.com/johannes-stradanus-part-i.html M. Leesberg, ''Johannes Stradanus''] at Hollstein</ref>
==Life==
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Born in [[Bruges]], he began his training in the shop of his father. He subsequently continued his training in the workshop of the otherwise unknown Bruges master Maximiliaen Francken (from 1535 to 1537). He later moved to Antwerp, where he studied from 1537 to 1540 in the workshop of [[Pieter Aertsen]], a Dutch genre painter active in that city. There he mastered the visual language of the Renaissance and the ability to depict complex compositions.<ref name=dbnl>[https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_ons003200801_01/_ons003200801_01_0038.php Manfred Sellink, ''Johannes van der Straet, Gevierd Brugs schilder in Florence''] in: Ons Erfdeel. Volume 51 (2008) {{in lang|nl}}</ref> In 1545 he was registered under the name Hans vander Straten as a master painter in the Antwerp [[guild of Saint Luke]].<ref name=lig/> In Antwerp he moved in the circle of the [[Romanism (painting)|Romanists]], i.e. Northern artists who had traveled to Italy and upon their return to their home country created a Renaissance style, which assimilated Italian formal language.<ref name=tento/><ref name=ilja>Ilja M. Veldman. "Romanism." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 5 October 2019</ref>
As was common at the time,
[[File:Tapestry workshop of Benedetto di Michele, Stradanus (After) - Wildcat Hunt Tapestry.jpeg|left|thumb|320px|''Wildcat Hunt'', tapestry]]
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While it is believed that Stradanus was active as designer of tapestries in Italy upon his arrival in the early 1550s, his first recorded designs were carried out for the Arazzeria Medicea, the personal weaving workshop of the Grand Duke Cosimo I de' Medici. He was paid in 1559 for the cartoons for a series of three tapestries on the Story of Saturn, the original designs of which were made by Vasari. These tapestries were intended for the Terrazo di Saturno in the Palazzo Vecchio. Stradanus changed the original designs of Vasari for the series.
In 1559 Stradanus designed the cartoons on the theme of the ''Life of Man'' for the Quartiere di Leonora in the Palazzo Vecchio. The series was completed in 1565 and only four tapestries survive. Stradanus further designed cartoons for a six-piece series of ''Roman women'' (realised in
Cosimo wanted to decorate his outdoor villa in Poggio a Caiano with tapestries. Stradanus developed a decorative project with hunting scenes divided in three categories: hunts for four-legged animals, animals in the air and animals in the water. The designs were inspired by contemporary sources, the classical literature of Pliny, Homer and Herodotus, as well as the hunting practices at the Florentine court. The designs were received with great acclaim. Stradanus completed 28 cartoons for the series, which was woven between 1566 and 1577.<ref name=tento/> The designs for these tapestries were later published as prints by printers in Antwerp such as [[Philip Galle]] and other international publishing houses.<ref name=dbnl/>
===Prints===
[[File:De uitvinding van de boekdrukkunst, anoniem, Museum Plantin-Moretus, PK OPB 0186 005.jpg|thumb|290px|left|''The invention of printing'' from the ''Nova reperta'',
Stradanus became interested in working for the printers in the 1570s in particular after his visit to Antwerp in 1578. Initially, he provided existing designs he had created for his paintings and tapestries to the publishers to be turned into prints.<ref name=snel/> The Antwerp publisher [[Hieronymus Cock]] published in 1570 a series of prints after Stradanus' designs for the tapestries of hunting scenes he made for the Grand Duke of Tuscany Cosimo I de' Medici. From 1576 the design of prints became one of the principal activities of Stradanus.<ref name=dbnl/> He later worked with [[Philip Galle]] as his main publisher, likely as a result of meeting with Galle in Antwerp during his visit in 1578.<ref name=hol/> Stradanus' virtuoso drawings were engraved by some of the leading engravers of the second half of the sixteenth century, among them [[Hendrick Goltzius]], Philip Galle and his sons [[Theodoor Galle|Theodoor]] and [[Cornelis Galle the Elder|Cornelis]], [[Hans Collaert]] and his sons [[Adriaen Collaert|Adriaen]] and [[Jan Collaert II|Jan]], and members of the [[Sadeler family]] and the [[Wierix family|Wierix brothers]].<ref name=hol/>
The subjects of the prints were wide-ranging and were in the first place geared towards the demand on the international market for prints that was supplied by the Antwerp printers. After the take-over by Antwerp by the Catholics, the preference was for [[
[[File:Drawing, Page of a drawing book; St. Christopher; Mary and the Child; Lucifer Appearing to Dante and Virgil, ca. 1590 (CH 18117813-3).jpg|thumb|''Lucifer Appearing to Dante and Virgil'']]
In addition, Stradanus drew inspiration for subjects from the Florentine intellectual and literary climate in which he lived. Important were his contacts with the exiled Florentine writer and scholar [[Luigi Alamanni]] and other members of the Alamanni family who are mentioned in various commissions and dedications to prints. Luigi Alamanni likely inspired Stradanus to illustrate the entire ''[[Divine Comedy|Divina Commedia]]''. Stradanus made a number of drawings for this project which was never completed. Only one of these drawings, depicting Canto 34 of Hell, where Dante and Vergilius look at Lucifer in the center of the
In yet another genre of print designs, aimed at a wider audience, Stradanus referred back to the subjects which he had elaborated as a court artist to the Medici court in his designs of tapestries and frescoes in the Palazzo Vecchio: a series that recounts the history and production of silk, an extensive series on the military triumphs of the Medici and a series depicting hunts of various animals published under the title ''Venationes Ferarum, Avium, Piscium''.<ref name=dbnl/> While some of the hunts in the last series are depicted in a relatively realistic manner, such as the dramatic rendering of horsemen with lances trying to kill a lion that fiercely resists, other hunts seem rather unrealistic such as the print showing leopards being caught with the help of mirrors.<ref name=tento/> One of his most famous loose prints was the [[:File:Cornelis Cort, Jan van der Straet (After) - Allegory of the arts.jpg|''Allegory of the arts'']] engraved by [[Cornelis Cort]] in 1578.<ref name=hol/>
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==External links==
*{{Commons-inline|Category:Jan van der Straet|Stradanus}}
{{Authority control (arts)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stradanus}}
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