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{{short description|Roadside restaurants in the SouthasianIndian subcontinent}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2020}}
[[File:Pranjal Dhaba - National Highway 76 - Shivrajpur - Shankargarh - Allahabad 2014-07-04 5674.JPG|thumb|300px|right|A dhaba on [[National Highway 76 (India)|National Highway 76]] near [[Prayagraj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.]]
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[[File:Dhabafood.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Food at a dhaba in [[Punjab, India]].]]
[[File:Resturant of a Gurdas Maan Fan.jpg|thumb|300px|right|A Punjabi dhaba in [[northern India]], near [[Chandigarh]].]]
A '''dhaba''' is a roadside restaurant in the [[Indian subcontinent]], primarily across [[Pakistan]] and [[India]]. They are on highways, generally serve local cuisine, and also serve as [[truck stops]].<ref>{{cite web | last=Balasubramaniam | first=Chitra | title=Food Safari: In search of Murthal ke paranthe | website=[[The Hindu]] | date=February 2, 2013 | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/food-safari-in-search-of-murthal-ke-paranthe/article4364734.ece | access-date=June 26, 2015}}</ref> They are most commonly found next to [[Filling station|petrol stations]], and most are open 24 hours a day.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why eating at a Dhaba is better than eating at a five star |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/why-eating-at-a-dhaba-is-better-than-eating-at-a-five-star/photostory/78510513.cms |access-date=31 May 2024 |publisher=Times of India |date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
 
Dhabas are a common feature on national and state highways. Earlier frequented only by truck drivers, today eating at a dhaba, whether urban or roadside, is a trend.<ref name="tripathi2013">{{cite book|author=vaishali tripathi|title=Dhabe Ka Khana: Delight of Punjabi Dhaba &#91;vegetarian&#93;|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XoYcAgAAQBAJ|date=4 October 2013|publisher=Partridge Publishing India|isbn=978-1-4828-1176-6}}</ref> Dhabas have additionally been established by South AsiaAsian diaspora communities in countries including the [[United States]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Venkataramanan |first=Meena |date=2023-05-20 |title=Along the highways, Indian restaurants serve America's truckers |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2023/05/20/along-highways-indian-restaurants-serve-americas-truckers/ |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=Washington post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-17 |title=Punjabis and their rise as an Indian-origin trucking community in the U.S. |url=https://www.freightwaves.com/news/punjabis-and-their-rise-as-an-indian-origin-trucking-community-in-the-us |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=FreightWaves |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
==Etymology and description==
The word has been alleged in [[folk etymology]] to stem from ''dabba'', m., box, [[lunch]] box,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sunder |first1=Kalpana |title=THE TRUCKERS’ FOOD THAT BECAME AN INDIAN CULINARY STYLE |url=https://www.whetstonemagazine.com/journal/the-truckers-food-that-became-an-indian-culinary-style#:~:text=Dhabas%2C%20supposed%20to%20be%20derived,pit%20stops%20for%20truck%20drivers. |access-date=5 May 2024 |publisher=Whetstone Magazine |date=12 October 2020}}</ref> [[tiffin]].
 
Dhabas sprung up first on [[Grand Trunk Road|GT Road]] which ran from [[Peshawar]], [[Rawalpindi]] and [[Lahore]] through [[Amritsar]], [[Ludhiana]] and further to [[Delhi]] and [[Calcutta]].
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==Cuisine==
Indian and Pakistani food served in dhabas is wholesome and full of rustic flavour. Food is served on big brass or steel [[thali]] (plates) and drinks – water, [[lassi]], milk (of several varieties), or tea, as well as [[Chorba|shorbas]] (soups) – are served.
 
Two types of food are served in the dhabas – non-vegetarian cuisine (which is the most popular) and vegetarian fare termed ''[[Vaishnavism|vaishno]] dhabas'' (where food is cooked in pure [[ghee]] or clarified white butter). [[Dal makhani|Dal makhni]] is a popular dish in the vegetarian dhaba.
 
== Tandoor ==
The [[tandoor]] (also called ‘tandooria’ or [[dhatti]]) is a barrel-shaped clay or earthenware oven, which makes the cuisine special. It is a versatile kitchen appliance for making [[roti]]s and [[naan]]s and a social institution. In villagesrural across Pakistan andNorth India, the community tandoor, dug in the ground and either coal-fired or (more recently) electrically heated, is a meeting place for women, who bring the kneaded atta (dough) and sometimes marinated meats to have them cooked while socialising.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shvoong.com/medicine-and-health/nutrition/1866706-specialities-punjabi-cuisine/ |title=Specialities of Punjabi Cuisine |website=www.shvoong.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201642/http://www.shvoong.com/medicine-and-health/nutrition/1866706-specialities-punjabi-cuisine/ |archive-date=2013-10-29}}</ref> Until a few years ago, this phenomenon existed in urban neighbourhoods, too. Even today, a few neighbourhoods in [[Delhi]] and [[Lahore]] have a community tandoor. Many towns along the way from Karachi to Islamabad, Pakistan have many similar community tandoors.
 
== Ingredients ==
Most menus are made according to the season. The universal favourite in Pakistan is [[Dal|dal (daal)]], while in India it is [[chole bhature]] -which bothis of which area year-round itemsitem and areis available at every wayside dhaba; it originated in Northern India but is now found anywhere in the Indian subcontinent or other countries where the [[South Asian diasporaAsia]]n diaspora have migrated in large numbers. TheBut, the pride of the Punjabi winter cuisine is [[sarson ka saag]] (curry made out of mustard leaves) served with blobs of white butter accompanied by [[makki ki roti]] and [[lassi]].
 
Some dishesingredients are:
 
*Wheat and maize (the staple food grains), all [[lentils]], especially [[black gram]] and [[Chickpea|yellow gram]], [[rajma]] (kidney beans), and [[Chickpea|chana]].
*Popular spices in [[desi]]Indian cuisine are [[coriander]], [[cumin]], [[cloves]], [[cinnamon]], [[cardamom]], [[black pepper]], red [[chili powder]], [[turmeric]], and [[Mustard (condiment)|mustard]]. One of the main crops is mustard or sarson: Its leaves are used to make ''sarson da-saag'' curry while its seeds are used for tempering and for making [[mustard oil]], which is widely used as a cooking medium.
*Milk and dairy products such as [[Dahi (curd)|''dahi'']], ''[[paneer]]'' cream, butter and ''[[ghee]]'' are used. Butter is an important cooking medium apart from being consumed raw along with the food.
*Non-vegetarian food, especially chicken, is a favourite. Mutton and fish are also cooked.
*All types of vegetables
 
== Menu ==

=== Vegetarian specialties ===
{{original research section|date=October 2022}}
The simple vegetarian meal served could be a [[paratha]] of many kinds depending on the type of vegetable stuffing one wishes to have – among these the [[aloo paratha]] is the most popular. Parathas stuffed with cooked, mashed and spiced vegetables such as cauliflower are popular for breakfast with curds or tea.
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The basic gravy used for vegetables and meat dishes is onion-tomato-garlic-ginger.
 
=== Rice ===
A predominantly wheat-eating people, the Punjabis cook [[rice]] only on special occasions. Rice is rarely cooked plain or steamed and is always made with a flavouring of cumin or fried onions. ''Sada chawal'' – plain rice – is served with other wheat-based dishes. [[Biryani|Vegetable biryani]] (fried veg rice) is also a favourite dish.
 
In winter, rice cooked with [[jaggery]] is ''gurwala chawal'', or ''rao ki kheer'', a delicacy when cooked on slow fire for hours with sugarcane juice, and sometimes rice is also cooked with green peas.
 
=== Non-vegetarian options ===
Authentic items include kadhai murg, [[tandoori chicken]], tali machali amritsar, rara gosht, [[chicken tikka masala]], peppery tandoori chicken, anda paneer (egg curry), seek kebabs, butter chicken, vegetarian and non-vegetarian [[kathi roll]]s, etc.
 
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Most meat delicacies are eaten with plain rice, phulka, or tandoori [[roti]] without ghee or butter.
 
=== Sweets or desserts ===
[[File:Firni.JPG|thumb|Firni]]
Sweets include firni or [[phirni]] (a sweet dish made of milk, rice flour, and sugar and chilled in earthenware bowls), [[gulab jamun]] and [[burfi]]. The desserts include fresh hot [[jalebi]] with vanilla ice cream, [[rasmalai]] and [[saffron|kesari]] [[kheer]].
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The saffron-mixed buttermilk (lassi) of [[Amritsar]]; milk boiled with almonds, pistachio, and dry dates in winter; and the same mix boiled into a thick liquid and then solidified in a banana-shaped mould in the form of a kulfi are desserts. [[Panjiri]], a [[whole wheat flour]] fried in sugar and ghee, heavily laced with dry fruits and herbal gums, is eaten in the winters to ward off cold.
 
===Regional variations===
[[Haryana]] has dhabas all over, and dhabas in [[Murthal]], [[Sonipat]] on [[Grand Trunk Road]] are famous for delicacies including [[Paratha|murthal paratha]], haryanvi daal, cheese bread pakora, and more.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040327/windows/main1.htm Dhabas of Murthal and Haryana], ''The Tribune'', 2004</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/food-safari-in-search-of-murthal-ke-paranthe/article4364734.ece Food Safari: In search of Murthal Paratha], ''The Hindu'', 2 Feb 2013</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Highway-Bites-Dhabas-Vs-food-chains/articleshow/48843912.cms Highway Bits: Dhabas versus food chains], ''Times of India'', 7 Sept 2015]</ref> ''Garam dharam'' (hot dharam), a vegetarian dhaba based on a [[sholay]] theme in Murthal, [[Sonipat]], with fruit parathas as one of its specialities, is owned by the [[Bollywood]] action hero [[Dharmendra]].<ref name=dharam1>[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Fhindi%2Findia%2Faction-star-of-bollywood-dharmendra-opens-veg-dhaba-at-murthal-in-haryana%2F376100 GOOGLE ENGLISH TRANSLATION India's action hero Dharmendra opened Dhaba in Murthal, named Hot Dharam] and [http://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/action-star-of-bollywood-dharmendra-opens-veg-dhaba-at-murthal-in-haryana/376100 ORIGINAL NEWS मुरथल में इंडिया के एक्शन हीरो धर्मेंद्र ने खोला ढाबा, नाम रखा है 'गरम धरम'], [[Zee News]] 24 Feb 2018.</ref>
 
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