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{{Short description|Daimyō of the late Sengoku and early Edo periods}}
{{redirect|Yoshitaka Kuroda|the Japanese racing driver|Yoshitaka Kuroda (racing driver)}}
{{Refimprove|date=March 2014}}
{{copy edit|date=June 2024}}
{{family name hatnote|Kuroda|lang=Japanese}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kuroda Yoshitaka
| native_name = 黒田 孝高
| native_name_lang = jpn
| image = Yoshitaka Kuroda.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| office = Head of [[Kuroda clan]]
| term_start = 1567
| term_end = 1604
| predecessor = [[Kuroda Mototaka]]
| successor = [[Kuroda Nagamasa]]
| birth_date = December 22, 1546
| death_date = {{death date and age|1604|3|20|1546|12|22}}
| birth_place = [[Himeji]]
| death_place = [[Iizuka]]
| spouse = [[Kushihashi Teru]]
| father = [[Kuroda Mototaka]]
| nickname
| allegiance = [[File:Mon-Oda.png|15px]] [[Oda clan]]<br>[[File:Goshichi no kiri inverted.svg|15px]] [[Toyotomi clan]]<br>[[File:Mitsubaaoi.svg|15px]] [[Battle of Sekigahara|Eastern Army]]<br>[[File:Tokugawa family crest.svg|15px]] [[Tokugawa shogunate]]
| rank = ''Daimyo''▼
| unit = [[File:Kuroda Fuji (No background and Black color drawing).svg|15px]] [[Kuroda clan]]▼
▲| rank = ''Daimyo''
| commands = ▼
▲| unit = [[File:Kuroda Fuji (No background and Black color drawing).svg|15px]] [[Kuroda clan]]
| battles = [[Siege of Inabayama]]<br>[[Chūgoku region|Chūgoku Campaign]]<br>[[Siege of
▲| commands =
| relations = ▼
▲| battles = [[Siege of Inabayama]]<br>[[Siege of Itami (1579)|Siege of Itami]]<br>[[Siege of Takamatsu]]<br>[[Battle of Yamazaki]]<br>[[Kyushu Campaign]]<br>[[Battle of Sekigahara|Sekigahara campaign]]
▲| relations =
}}
{{nihongo|'''Kuroda Yoshitaka'''<ref>In Western literature, Kuroda Yoshitaka is also known as: Simon Kondera, Simone Condera, Simon Condera, Simeon Condera, for "Simon 小寺（こでら）--"小寺" might have been pronounced like /kõdeɾa/; Kodera Cambyoye, Kodera Kambyoye, Quadera Quanbioi, Condera-quansioye, Condera Quamvioyi, Condera Canbioye, for "小寺 官兵衛（くゎんびゃうゑ）"--"官兵衛" might have been pronounced like /kwãɸjo:je/ or /kambjo:je/; Kuroda Kambroye, Kuroda Cuwanbioye, Kuroda Kuwanbiyauwe, for "黒田 官兵衛--"Condera/Kondera and Kuroda are distinct family names.; Condera Combioendono, Condera Combiendono, for "小寺 官兵衛 殿"; Cambioiendono, Quambioi-dono, Quambioindono, for "官兵衛 殿（どの）"; Conder Yoshitaka for "小寺 孝高（よしたか）"; Kuroda Josui for "黒田（くろだ） 如水（じょすい）"; Iosui for "如水"--"I" was the capital letter for both "i" and "j"; "Kuroda Kageyu" for "黒田 勘解由（かげゆ）"--勘解由 was an abbreviation form of 勘解由次官（かげゆのすけ）; Simeon Kuroda for "Simeon 黒田". "Kambroye" is considered to be what "Kambyoye" was mis-read as; and "s" for "quansioye” is considered to be what "f" was mis-read as--before 18th century, the letter "s" was sometimes spelled as "ſ" (long s), which is similar to "f"."</ref>|黒田 孝高||December 22, 1546 –
March 20, 1604}}, also known as {{nihongo|'''Kuroda Kanbei'''|黒田 官兵衛||or '''Kuroda
==Early life==
Kuroda Yoshitaka was born in [[Himeji]] (姫路) on December 22, 1546, as Mankichi (万吉), the son of [[Kuroda Mototaka]].
Shigetaka served as a senior retainer of [[Kodera Masamoto]], the lord of Himeji, and was so highly praised that Shigetaka's son Mototaka was allowed to marry Masamoto's adopted daughter (Akashi Masakaze’s daughter) and
==Military life==
===Service under Nobunaga===
In
In
Araki's revolt eventually concluded in 1579 at the [[Siege of Itami (1579)|Siege of Itami]], culminating in Yoshitaka's rescue. Due to his long imprisonment (with lack of space for sleeping and sitting), Yoshitaka suffered a leg disorder and lost his eyesight in one eye for the rest of his life. In 1582, he fought in the [[Siege of Takamatsu]] against the Mōri clan.
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===Service under Hideyoshi===
He fought at the [[Battle of Yamazaki]] in 1582 under Hideyoshi, avenging the death of [[Oda Nobunaga]].<ref name="ST">{{cite book|last1=Turnbull|first1=Stephen|title=The Samurai Sourcebook|date=1998|publisher=Cassell & Co|location=London|isbn=9781854095237|pages=276}}</ref>
He participated in the [[Battle of Shizugatake]] in 1583 and the [[Battle of Komaki-Nagakute]] in 1584. Also led Toyotomi forced in the campaign to [[Invasion of Shikoku|conquer Shikoku]] in 1585.
Shortly before 1587, Yoshitaka was ordered by Hideyoshi to lead an attack into [[Siege of Kagoshima]] at [[Kyushu]].<ref name=Turnbull>{{cite book|last1=Turnbull|first1=Stephen|title=The Samurai Sourcebook|date=1998|publisher=Cassell & Co|location=London|isbn=9781854095237|page=240}}</ref> Along with him was the Christian ''daimyō'' [[Takayama Ukon]]. After seeing the thriving Christian population of Kyushu, under Ukon's influence, Yoshitaka was baptized with the name ドン・シメオン (Dom Simeão = Don Simeon). After a visit to the Jesuit-controlled port of Nagasaki, Hideyoshi became fearful of the powerful influence that Jesuits and the Christian ''daimyōs'' wielded.
In 1587, he made his famous edict that expelled foreign missionaries and ordered all the Christian samurai under his rule to abandon their faith. While Ukon resisted the edict and lost his status, Yoshitaka gave up his new religion and adopted a monk's habit, calling himself ''Josui'' (如水).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yu |first=A. C. |title=Kuroda Yoshitaka - Japanese Wiki Corpus |url=https://www.japanese-wiki-corpus.org/person/Yoshitaka%20KURODA.html |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=www.japanese-wiki-corpus.org}}</ref> Like [[Naitō Joan]] (who took his name from Portuguese João), it is believed that Yoshitaka chose his new name from "Josué", the Portuguese version of "[[Joshua]]". His most prominent act during his short time as a Christian was his arrangement to save a Jesuit mission from [[Bungo Province|Bungo]] when the Christian ''daimyō'' of that province, [[Ōtomo Sōrin]], was under attack from the [[Shimazu clan]].
===Sekigahara campaign===
{{see also|Sekigahara campaign}}
In 1600, Yoshitaka was seemingly on the Tokugawa side during the Sekigahara campaign, having clashed against [[Ōtomo Yoshimune]] at the [[Battle of Ishigakibaru]] and also, having participated at the [[Siege of Yanagawa]]. In reality, he aimed to conquer the entire region of [[Kyūshū]] for his own during the major commossion of the Sekigahara campaign, even momentarilly conquering seven of the island's provinces, a feat which ended in failure however due to Tokugawa Ieyasu's victory in the [[Battle of Sekigahara]]▼
Before the outbreak of Sekigahara conflict between [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] with [[Ishida Mitsunari]], Yoshitaka and his son, [[Kuroda Nagamasa]], made contact with [[Ii Naomasa]], a Tokugawa general, and forming a pact of alliance. through the Kuroda clan, Naomasa successfully swayed the other military commanders to support the Tokugawa clan.{{sfn|Noda|2007}} It was recorded that Yoshitaka and his son, Nagamasa, bore grudge towards Mitsunari due to their personal conflict with him and alleged mismanagements during the [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)]].<ref name="rekishikaido; 7generals korea">{{cite web |author1=Watanabe Daimon |title=「石田三成襲撃事件」で襲撃は起きていない? 画策した7人の武将、そして家康はどうした? |trans-title="Ishida Mitsunari Attack Incident" No attack occurred? What happened to the seven warlords who planned it, and Ieyasu?|url=https://rekishikaido.php.co.jp/detail/10229?p=1 |website=rekishikaido |publisher=PHPオンライン |pages=1–2 |access-date=11 June 2024 |language=Ja |date=2023}}</ref>
In 1600, Yoshitaka was seemingly on the Tokugawa side during the Sekigahara campaign, having clashed against [[Ōtomo Yoshimune]] at the [[Battle of Ishigakibaru]] and also, having participated at the [[Siege of Yanagawa]].{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} It was recorded that the legendary swordsman [[Miyamoto Musashi]] participated in Ishigakibaru battle under the command of Yoshitaka.<ref name="musashiTokugawasekigahara">{{cite web |author1=Watanabe Daimon |title=牢人・宮本武蔵の関ヶ原合戦事情…東軍西軍のどちらに属し、主君は存在したのか |trans-title=Prisoner Miyamoto Musashi's Battle of Sekigahara...Which side did he belong to, East or West, and did he have a master? |url=https://sengoku-his.com/238 |website=sengoku-his.com |access-date=26 May 2024 |language=Ja |date=2023 |quote=Yumekashi Harada, “The True Story of Miyamoto Musashi” (Ashi Shobo, 1984); Masahide Fukuda "Miyamoto Musashi's Summer Siege" ("Rekishi Kenkyu" No. 400, 1994); Masahide Fukuda, "Proof of Musashi's Sekigahara Eastern Army" (Miyamoto Musashi Research Paper Collection, Rekiken, 2003); Eiji Yoshikawa, “Miyamoto Musashi, 6 volumes” (Dainippon Yubenkai Kodansha, 1936-39)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=大阪經大論集, Issues 282-284 |date=2005 |publisher=大阪經濟大學 |page=55 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fzYSAQAAMAAJ |access-date=25 May 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Watanabe Daimon |title=宮本武蔵に関する史料は、なぜ極端に少ないのか。その理由を考える |url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/d328fe8083b6003c2dd086986e298724f1b0b6c5 |website=yahoo.co.jp/expert |publisher=渡邊大門 無断転載を禁じます。 © LY Corporation |access-date=2 June 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref>
▲
==Death==
After moving to Chikuzen Province which today is part of Fukuoka Prefecture, the Kuroda built a new castle near Hakata-ku, and named it Fukuoka Castle also known as Maizuru Castle or Seki Castle which was completed in the early Edo period for ''{{ill|tozama
After his son [[Kuroda Nagamasa]] succeeded him, Yoshitaka died on April 19, 1604. His grave is in the Namazuta area of [[Iizuka, Fukuoka]], near the original site of Namazuta Castle.
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*Wife: [[Kushihashi Teru]] (1553–1627)
*Sons (all by Kushihashi Teru):
**[[Kuroda Nagamasa]] (known as Shoujumaru in childhood)
**Kuroda Kumanosuke (1582–1597)
*Adopted sons:
**Kuroda Kazushige (1571–1656)
==Human Relations==
As depicted in historical writings and contemporary television, it is suggested that Kuroda was simultaneously feared by Hideyoshi, despite his attempts to
==Personality==
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*''[[Gunshi Kanbei]]'', the 2014 NHK [[taiga drama]]
==
=== Footnotes ===
{{Notelist}}
=== References ===
{{reflist}}
=== Bibliography ===
* {{Cite journal |last1=Noda |first1=Hiroko |title = 徳川家康天下掌握過程における井伊直政の役割 |publisher= Hikone Castle Museum |trans-title=The role of Ii Naomasa in the process of Tokugawa Ieyasu taking control of the country |date= 2007 |journal= 彦根城博物館研究紀要 |volume = 18 }}
* [[Ryōtarō Shiba]] ''Harimanada monogatari'' 播磨灘物語, 1975 vol1~4 [[Kodansha]] {{ISBN|978-4062739320}}~{{ISBN|978-4062739351}}
* Andō Hideo 安藤英男. ''Shiden Kuroda Josui'' 史伝黒田如水. Tokyo: Nichibō Shuppansha, 1975.
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[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:Daimyo]]
[[Category:Japanese Roman Catholics]]▼
[[Category:Samurai]]
[[Category:Kuroda clan]]
[[Category:Toyotomi retainers]]
[[Category:People from Hyōgo Prefecture]]
[[Category:People from Himeji, Hyōgo]]
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