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{{short description|Egyptian
{{other uses|Pachomius (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=
{{Infobox saint
|honorific_prefix= [[Saint]]
|name = Pachomius the Great
|birth_date =
|death_date = {{death date|348|5|9|df=y}}
|feast_day = 9 May<br>[[Pashons 14 (Coptic Orthodox liturgics)|14 Pashons]] ([[Coptic Orthodox]])<br>15 May (
|venerated_in= [[
|image = StPakhom.jpg
|caption = Father of Spiritual Communal Monastic Life
|birth_place= [[
|death_place=
|titles = Founder
|beatified_date=
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|attributes= Hermit in a garb, Hermit crossing the [[Nile]] on the back of a crocodile
|patronage=
|major_shrine=
|suppressed_date=
|issues=
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}}
'''Pachomius''' ({{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|k|oʊ|m|i|ə|s}}; {{lang-el|Παχώμιος}} ''Pakhomios''; {{Lang-cop|Ⲡⲁϧⲱⲙ}}; c.
==Name==▼
The name
==Life==
Pachomius was born in c. 292 in [[
Pachomius then came into contact with several well known ascetics and decided to pursue that path under the guidance of the hermit named Palaemon (317). One of his devotions, popular at the time, was praying with his arms stretched out in the form of a cross.
Pachomius established his first monastery between 318 and 323 at [[Tabennisi]], Egypt.<ref name="huddleston">{{Cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10459a.htm|author=Gilbert Huddleston|title= Monasticism|publisher=Catholic Encyclopedia|website=
The monastery at [[Tabenna|Tabennisi]], though enlarged several times, soon became too small and a second was founded at
==Pachomian monasteries==
{{Main|Pachomian monasteries}}
==Rule of St. Pachomius==
Pachomius was the first to set down a written monastic rule.<ref name=faithnd>{{cite web| url = http://faith.nd.edu/s/1210/faith/interior.aspx?sid=1210&gid=609&pgid=19744&cid=38979&ecid=38979&crid=0| title = "St. Pachomius", Faith ND}}</ref> The first rule was composed of prayers generally known and in general use, such as the Lord's Prayer. The monks were to pray them every day. As the community developed, the rules were elaborated with precepts taken from the Bible. He drew up a rule which made things easier for the less proficient, but did not check the most extreme asceticism in the more proficient.<ref name="bacchus"/> The Rule sought to balance prayer with work, the communal life with solitude. The day was organised around the liturgy, with time for manual work and devotional reading.
Fasts and work were apportioned according to the individual's strength. Each monk received the same food and clothing.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2015/05/15/101384-venerable-pachomius-the-great-founder-of-coenobitic-monasticism| title = "Venerable Pachomius the Great, Founder of Coenobitic Monasticism", Orthodox Church in America}}</ref> Common meals were provided, but those who wished to absent themselves from them were encouraged to do so, and bread, salt, and water were placed in their cells. In the Pachomian monasteries it was left very much to the individual taste of each monk to fix the order of life for himself. Thus the hours for meals and the extent of his fasting were settled by him alone, he might eat with the others in common or have bread and salt provided in his own cell every day or every second day.<ref name="huddleston"/>
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[[File:Bucharest - Biserica Sf. Anton 06.jpg|thumb|Painting of Pachomius the Great in the [[Curtea Veche]], [[Bucharest]].]]
Pachomius continued as abbot to the cenobites for some
By the time Pachomius died, eight monasteries and several hundred monks followed his guidance.<ref name=huddleston/> Within a generation, cenobic practices spread from Egypt to Palestine and the Judean Desert, Syria, North Africa and eventually Western Europe.<ref>[[Kenneth W. Harl]] (2001), ''The World of Byzantium'', {{ISBN|1-56585-090-4}} (audio recording)</ref> The number of monks, rather than the number of monasteries, may have reached 7000.<ref>[[Peter Brown (historian)|Peter Brown]] (Norton, 1971), ''The World of Late Antiquity: AD 150–750'', pp. 99</ref><ref>[[Philip Rousseau]] (University of California Press, Berkeley 1985), ''Pachomius: the Making of a Community in Fourth-Century Egypt'', pp. 74–75 {{ISBN|0-52005048-7}}</ref>
His reputation as a holy man has endured. As mentioned above, several liturgical calendars commemorate Pachomius. Among many miracles attributed to Pachomius, that though he had never learned the Greek or Latin tongues, he sometimes miraculously spoke them.<ref name=butler/> Pachomius is also credited with being the first Christian to use and recommend use of a [[prayer rope]].
▲==Name==
▲The name of the saint is of [[Coptic language|Coptic]] origin:<ref>{{cite book|last1=Crum|first1=Walter Ewing|title=A Coptic Dictionary|date=1939|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|page=25|url=http://www.greeklatin.narod.ru/coptic/_025.htm}}</ref> ⲡⲁϧⲱⲙ ''pakhōm'' from [[wikt:ⲁϧⲱⲙ|ⲁϧⲱⲙ]] ''akhōm'' "eagle or falcon" (ⲡ ''p''- at the beginning is the Coptic definite article), from Middle Egyptian [[wikt:ꜥẖm|ꜥẖm]] "falcon", originally "divine image". Into Greek it was adopted as Παχούμιος and Παχώμιος. By Greek folk etymology it was sometimes interpreted as "broad-shouldered" from [[wikt:παχύς|παχύς]] "thick, large" and [[wikt:ὦμος|ὦμος]] "shoulder".
==See also==
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* [[Coptic saints]]
* [[Desert Fathers]]
* [[Pachomian monasteries]]
==References==
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== Further reading ==
* Goehring, J. E. (1999). ''Ascetics, Society, and the Desert: Studies in Early Egyptian Monasticism''. Trinity Press International ISBN 9781563382697
* Harmless, W. (2004). ''Desert Christians: An Introduction to the Literature of Early Monasticism''. Oxford University Press ISBN 9780195162233
* Hedstrom, D. L. B. (2021). ''The Monastic Landscape of Late Antique Egypt: an Archaeological Reconstruction''. Cambridge University Press ISBN 9781316614082
==External links==
{{EB1911
* [http://www.seanmultimedia.com/Pie_Pachomius_Rule_1.html The Rule Of Pachomius: Part 1], [http://www.seanmultimedia.com/Pie_Pachomius_Rule_2.html Part 2], [http://www.seanmultimedia.com/Pie_Pachomius_Rule_3.html Part 3], & [http://www.seanmultimedia.com/Pie_Pachomius_Rule_4.html Part 4]
* [http://www.copticchurch.net/synaxarium/9_14.html#1 Coptic Orthodox Synaxarium (Book of Saints)]
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[[Category:4th-century Christian theologians]]
[[Category:4th-century Romans]]
[[Category:Egyptian Christian monks]]
[[Category:Founders of Christian monasteries]]
[[Category:Saints from Roman Egypt]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Date of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Desert Fathers]]
[[Category:Pachomian monasteries|*]]
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