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The French air squadron [[Normandie-Niemen]] fought in the skies over Oryol.
On September 19, 1943, in the Oryol, was the first parade of partisan units stationed in the Oryol region during the war.▼
Oryol was liberated on August 5, 1943 during the [[Operation Kutuzov|Oryol strategic offensive operation "Kutuzov"]] on the [[Battle of Kursk|Oryol-Kursk Bulge]]. The city was almost completely destroyed. By Order No .2 of I. V. Stalin of August 5, 1943, on this day in Moscow, an artillery salute was given to the troops that liberated Oryol. Since then, the city has had the nickname, "City of the First Salute", and the day of the liberation from the German invaders was celebrated as the city's day.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}
▲On September 19, 1943, in the Oryol, was the first parade of partisan units stationed in the Oryol region during the war.
== Geography ==
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=== Time zone ===
Oryol has the same time zone as Moscow (Moscow time)
=== Location ===
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==={{anchor|Urban layout}}Layout===
Oryol was founded at the behest of Ivan the Terrible in 1566, in the area between the Oka and Orlik rivers. Little information exists about its early history; the earliest data available refers to 1636, when the city was rebuilt after its destruction during the [[Time of Troubles]]. According to historian T. G. Svistunova, the 16th-century Oryol fortress had three lines of fortifications and consisted of a city, an [[Ostrog (fortress)|ostrog]] and a [[posad]] surrounded by gaps. The city housed a cathedral, a [[voivode]]'s (warlord or military leader's) house, government buildings and courts for the [[boyar]] children; the prison consisted of gunners' yards, a blacksmith, and two parish churches near the prison towers. In the posad was a [[sloboda (settlement)|sloboda]]. In 1636, Oryol was rebuilt by the voivode B. Koltovsky; it expanded with annexation of land beyond the Oka. Oryol remained a fortress city with a corresponding garrison; Pushkarskaya Sloboda was still located in the prison, boyar children and nobles settled on the left bank of the Orlik, and a Cossack sloboda developed near the Oka. Oryol lost its military character after the 1689 fire, when the partially-burned city fortress was not rebuilt.
In central Oryol, streets fan out from the fortress; two main axes are the Upper and Lower Korchak Roads. Opposite the fortress was probably a second marketplace in the Zaotsk section, where the dragoon settlements had a relatively-regular layout along the river. Away from the river, the grid becomes a fan. The city{{snd}}its fortress, three marketplaces, two monasteries and a number of parish churches{{snd}}was developed from the river. Its structure was visible from the Oka: the central fortress, the fan-shaped center and the grid of the Zaotsk settlements. The city was connected by bridges, making Oryol a military fortress and a trade center.<ref>{{cite thesis|title=Масштабность в планировке городов Центральной России : На примере Калуги, Тулы, Рязани, Орла, Брянска, Курска, Белгорода|lang=ru|author=Татьяна Николаевна|pages=84–86|place=Moscow|year=2001}}</ref>
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|Jan record high C = 7.0
|Feb record high C = 9.4
|Mar record high C =
|Apr record high C = 29.0
|May record high C = 32.8
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== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations|1897|70000|1926|75594|1939|110564|1959|151521|1970|232216|1979|304971|1989|336862|2002|333310|2010|317747|2021|303169|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}According to the [[Russian Federal State Statistics Service|Federal State Statistics Service]], in January 2020 the number of residents came to 308 838. It is the 66th place among 1117 cities of Russia for 2019.▼
▲According to the [[Russian Federal State Statistics Service|Federal State Statistics Service]], in January 2020 the number of residents came to 308 838. It is the 66th place among 1117 cities of Russia for 2019.
Largest '''ethnic groups''' in 2010:
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