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{{EngvarB|date=July 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
An '''heir presumptive''' ({{abbr|{{sc|fem:}}|feminine form}} '''heiress presumptive''') is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of a person with a better claim to the position in question.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://definitions.uslegal.com/h/heir-presumptive/ |title=Heir Presumptive Law & Legal Definition |publisher=USLegal.com |access-date=2012-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reverso.net/english-definition/presumptive%20nominee |title=Heir presumptive |publisher=Reverso.net |access-date=2012-11-07}}</ref> This is in contrast to an [[heir
== Overview ==
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##the descendant's refusal or inability to adopt a religion the monarch is required to profess.
The subsequent birth of a legitimate child to the monarch may displace the former heir presumptive by creating an heir apparent or a more eligible heir presumptive. It is not assumed that the monarch and his or her consort are incapable of
Heir presumptive, like heir apparent, is not a title or position ''per se''. Rather, it is a general term for a person who holds a certain place in the [[order of succession]]. In some monarchies, the heir apparent bears, ''[[ipso facto]]'', a specific title and rank (e.g., Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom), this also sometimes being the case for noble titleholders (e.g., Spain, United Kingdom), but the heir presumptive does not bear that title. In other monarchies (e.g., Monaco, Spain) the first in line to the throne bears a specific title (i.e., "Hereditary Prince/Princess of Monaco", "Prince/Princess of Asturias") by right, regardless of whether she or he is heir apparent or heir presumptive.
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{{main|Abeyance}}
In the [[English law|English and Welsh common law]] of [[inheritance]], there is no seniority between sisters; where there is no son to inherit, any number of daughters share equally. Therefore, certain hereditary titles can have multiple simultaneous heirs presumptive. Since the title cannot be held by two people simultaneously, two daughters (without a brother) who inherit in this way would do so as [[co-parceners]] and before they inherit, both would be heirs presumptive. In these circumstances, the title would in fact be held in [[abeyance]] until one person represents the claim of both, or the claim is renounced by one or the other for herself and her heirs, or the abeyance is ended by the Crown. There are [[Peerage law#Peerage disputes|special procedures]] for handling doubtful or disputed cases.
== Current heirs presumptive as of
<!--Prince Naruhito of Japan is heir presumptive (and listed there), not heir apparent.-->
<!--Please do not insert Leonor, Princess of Asturias, eldest daughter of the King of Spain. She is heiress presumptive, not apparent.-->
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!style="width:7em" |Country
!class="unsortable" style="width:1em" |Picture
!style="width:7em" |Name of heir
!style="width:10em" |Title
!style="width:10.2em" |Date of birth (age)
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|Crown Prince of Japan
|{{Birth date and age|1965|11|30}}
|Younger brother. If Emperor [[Naruhito]] were to have a legitimate son, he would become the heir apparent.
|-
|{{THA}}
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|Princess of Asturias
|{{birth date and age|2005|10|31}}
|
|}
==Past heirs presumptive who did not inherit thrones==
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*[[Maria of Calabria]] was heir presumptive to her sister [[Joanna I of Naples]] until her death in 1366.
*[[Beatrice of Portugal]] was heir presumptive to her father [[Ferdinand I of Portugal]] but upon Ferdinand's death in 1383, Beatrice's half-uncle [[John I of Portugal]] took the throne instead.
*[[Bawlawkyantaw]] was heir presumptive to his father [[Razadarit]] until his execution in 1390.
*[[Theiddat]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Minkhaung I]] until his nephew [[Minye Kyawswa]] was made heir instead.
*[[Joan of Navarre (regent)|Joan of Navarre]] was heir presumptive to her father [[Charles III of Navarre]] until her death in 1413.
*[[Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany]], was heir presumptive to his nephew [[James I of Scotland]] until his death in 1420.
*[[Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence]], was heir presumptive to his brother [[Henry V of England]] from his brother's succession in 1413 to his death in 1421.
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*[[Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl]], was heir presumptive to his grandnephew [[James II of Scotland]] until he was executed in 1437 for his part in killing the previous king James I.
*[[Margaret Stewart, Dauphine of France]], was heir presumptive to her brother [[James II of Scotland]] until her death in 1445.
*[[Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester]], was heir presumptive to his nephew [[Henry VI of England]] until his death in 1447.
*[[Joanna la Beltraneja]] was heir presumptive to her father [[Henry IV of Castile]] until he named his brother [[Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (1453–1468)|Alfonso]] as heir instead.
*[[Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (1453–1468)|Alfonso, Prince of Asturias]], was heir presumptive to his half-brother [[Henry IV of Castile]] until his death in 1468.
*[[George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence]], was heir presumptive to his brother [[Edward IV of England]] until he fled after rebelling against him in 1470.
*[[Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Portugal]], was heir presumptive to her parents [[Isabella I of Castile]] and [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] until her death in 1498.
*[[Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal]], in addition to being heir apparent to his father [[Manuel I of Portugal]], was heir presumptive to his maternal grandparents [[Isabella I of Castile]] and [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] until his death in 1500.
*[[James Stewart, Duke of Ross]], was heir presumptive to his brother [[James IV of Scotland]] until his death in 1504.
*[[Alexander Stewart, Duke of Ross]], was heir presumptive to his brother [[James V of Scotland]] until his death in 1515.
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*[[Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma]], was heir presumptive to his granduncle [[Henry, King of Portugal]] until the [[Portuguese succession crisis of 1580|succession crisis]] that emerged after Henry's death in 1580.
*[[Francis, Duke of Anjou]], was heir presumptive to his brother [[Henry III of France]] until his death in 1584.
*[[Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon (
*[[Dmitry of Uglich]] was heir presumptive to his half-brother [[Feodor I of Russia]] until his death in 1591.
*[[Dmitry Shuisky]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Vasili IV of Russia]] until his brother was overthrown in 1610.
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*[[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil]], was the heir presumptive to her father [[Pedro II of Brazil]] on the throne of the [[Empire of Brazil]]. However, a ''[[coup d'etat]]'' in 1889 proclaimed a Republic in the country, deposing the monarchy.
*[[Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria]] was the heir presumptive of his brother [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]] from the suicide of his nephew [[Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria]], until his death in 1896.
*[[Duke William of Württemberg]] was heir presumptive to his
*[[Princess Sophie of the Netherlands]] was heir presumptive to her niece Queen [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands]] until her death in 1897.
*[[Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Nicholas II of Russia]] until his death in 1899.
*[[Duke Nicholas of Württemberg]] was heir presumptive to his
*[[Ernest, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld]] was heir presumptive to his
*[[Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders]], was the heir presumptive of his older brother King [[Leopold II of Belgium]] after the death of his nephew [[Prince Leopold, Duke of Brabant]], until his own death in 1905.
*[[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]], was heir presumptive to his brother [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], until he renounced his rights and that of his son [[Prince Arthur of Connaught]] in favour of his nephew [[Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Charles Edward]].
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*[[Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria]], was heir presumptive to his nephew [[Otto, King of Bavaria]] until his death in 1912.
*[[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]] was the heir presumptive of his uncle Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]] until his [[Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand|assassination]] June 28, 1914, in [[Sarajevo]].
*[[Duke Philipp of Württemberg]] was heir presumptive to his
*[[Prince Maximilian of Baden]] was heir presumptive to his cousin [[Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden]], until the [[German Revolution of 1918–19|monarchy was abolished]] in 1918.
*[[Charles Michael, Duke of Mecklenburg]], was heir presumptive to his cousin [[Adolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]], until the throne became vacant and was later abolished in 1918.
*[[Ernst, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen]], was heir presumptive to his half-brother [[Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]], until the monarchy was abolished in 1918.
*[[Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg]], was heir presumptive to his
*[[Wolrad, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe]], was heir presumptive to his brother [[Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe]], until the monarchy was abolished in 1918.
*[[Sizzo, Prince of Schwarzburg]], was heir presumptive to his cousin [[Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg]], until the monarchy was abolished in 1918.
*[[Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line]], in addition to ruling his own principality, was heir presumptive to his
*[[Chakrabongse Bhuvanath]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Vajiravudh]] until his death in 1920.
*[[Asdang Dejavudh]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Vajiravudh]] until his death in 1924.
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*[[Prince Nicholas of Romania]] was heir presumptive to his nephew [[Michael I of Romania]] until the [[Socialist Republic of Romania|monarchy was abolished]] in 1947.
*[[Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois]], was heir presumptive to her father [[Louis II, Prince of Monaco]], until [[Monaco succession crisis of 1918|renouncing her rights]] in favour of her son [[Rainier III, Prince of Monaco|Rainier]].
*[[Prince Knud of Denmark]] was the heir presumptive of his brother King [[
*[[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh]] was heir presumptive to her father [[George VI]] in India until it became a republic in 1950, as well as [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]] until [[Newfoundland Act|it joined Canada]] in 1949 (she reigned as Queen of Canada from 6 February 1952 until [[Death of Elizabeth II|her death on 8 September 2022]]).
*[[Mohammed Ali Tewfik]] was heir presumptive to [[Fuad II of Egypt]] until the [[Egyptian revolution of 1952|monarchy was abolished]] in 1953.
*[['Abd al-Ilah]] was heir presumptive to his nephew [[Faisal II of Iraq]] until they were both [[14 July Revolution|executed]] in 1958.
*[[Tunku Abdul Malik]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Abdul Halim of Kedah]] until his death in 2015.
==References==
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