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{{Short description|Monarchical title of inheritance}}▼
{{For|the novel by Henry Wade|Heir Presumptive (novel)}}▼
{{EngvarB|date=July 2021}}
▲{{Short description|Monarchical title of inheritance}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
An '''heir presumptive''' ({{abbr|{{sc|fem:}}|feminine form}} '''heiress presumptive''') is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of
▲{{For|the novel by Henry Wade|Heir Presumptive (novel)}}
▲An '''heir presumptive''' is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an [[heir apparent]] or a new heir presumptive with a better claim to the position in question.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://definitions.uslegal.com/h/heir-presumptive/ |title=Heir Presumptive Law & Legal Definition |publisher=USLegal.com |access-date=2012-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reverso.net/english-definition/presumptive%20nominee |title=Heir presumptive |publisher=Reverso.net |access-date=2012-11-07}}</ref>
== Overview ==
Depending on the rules of the monarchy, the heir presumptive might be the daughter of a monarch if [[primogeniture#Male-preference primogeniture|males take preference over females]] and the monarch has no sons, or the senior member of a collateral line if the monarch is childless or the monarch's direct descendants cannot inherit
#they are daughters and [[primogeniture#Agnatic primogeniture|females are completely barred from inheriting]] #the monarch's children are [[legitimacy (family law)|illegitimate]], or #some other legal disqualification, such as ##being descended from the monarch through a [[Morganatic marriage|morganatic line]] or ##the descendant's refusal or inability to adopt a religion the monarch is required to profess The subsequent birth of a legitimate child to the monarch may displace the former heir presumptive by creating an heir apparent or a more eligible heir presumptive. It is not assumed that the monarch and his or her consort are incapable of
Heir presumptive, like heir apparent, is not a title or position ''per se''. Rather, it is a general term for a person who holds a certain place in the [[order of succession]]. In some monarchies, the heir apparent bears, ''[[ipso facto]]'', a specific title and rank (e.g., Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom), this also sometimes being the case for noble titleholders (e.g., Spain, United Kingdom), but the heir presumptive does not bear that title. In other monarchies (e.g., Monaco, Spain) the first in line to the throne bears a specific title (i.e., "Hereditary Prince/Princess of Monaco", "Prince/Princess of Asturias") by right, regardless of whether she or he is heir apparent or heir presumptive.
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{{main|Abeyance}}
In the [[English law|English and Welsh common law]] of [[inheritance]], there is no seniority between sisters; where there is no son to inherit, any number of daughters share equally. Therefore, certain hereditary titles can have multiple simultaneous heirs presumptive. Since the title cannot be held by two people simultaneously, two daughters (without a brother) who inherit in this way would do so as [[co-parceners]] and before they inherit, both would be heirs presumptive. In these circumstances, the title would in fact be held in [[abeyance]] until one person represents the claim of both, or the claim is renounced by one or the other for herself and her heirs, or the abeyance is ended by the Crown. There are [[Peerage law#Peerage disputes|special procedures]] for handling doubtful or disputed cases.
<!--Prince Naruhito of Japan is heir presumptive (and listed there), not heir apparent.-->
▲==Heirs presumptive as of {{CURRENTYEAR}}==
<!--Please do not insert Leonor, Princess of Asturias, eldest daughter of the King of Spain. She is heiress presumptive, not apparent.-->
{| class="wikitable sortable"
*[[Dipangkorn Rasmijoti|Prince Dipangkorn Rasmijoti]] is the heir presumptive to his father, King [[Vajiralongkorn]] of [[Thailand]]. In accordance with the [[1924 Palace Law of Succession]], the reigning king has absolute power to name any royal male as heir apparent, and upon being announced publicly, the "position of such heir is secure and indisputable".▼
|-
!style="width:7em" |Country
!class="unsortable" style="width:1em" |Picture
!style="width:7em" |Name of heir presumptive
!style="width:10em" |Title
!style="width:10.2em" |Date of birth (age)
!style="width:10em" |Relation to monarch
|-
|{{JPN}}
|[[File:Prince Fumihito Rome 2016 (4).jpg|88x88px]]
|[[Fumihito, Crown Prince of Japan|Fumihito]]
|Crown Prince of Japan
|{{Birth date and age|1965|11|30}}
|Younger brother. If Emperor [[Naruhito]] were to have a legitimate son, he would become the heir apparent.
|-
|{{THA}}
|[[File:Dipangkorn Rasmijoti 2019.jpg|84x84px]]
|[[Dipangkorn Rasmijoti]]
|Prince of Thailand
|{{Birth date and age|2005|4|29}}
▲
|-
|{{ESP}}
|[[File:Leonor de Borbón en 2023 (cropped).jpg|83x83px]]
|[[Leonor, Princess of Asturias|Leonor]]
|Princess of Asturias
|{{birth date and age|2005|10|31}}
|Eldest child. If King [[Felipe VI]] has a legitimate son, he would become the heir apparent.
|}
==Past heirs presumptive who did not inherit thrones==
The list is limited to heirs presumptive who did not succeed due to death, abolition of monarchies, or change in succession law.
*[[
*[[Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa]] was heir presumptive to his father-in-law [[Augustus]] until his death in 12 BC.
*[[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (executed by Caligula)|Marcus Aemilius Lepidus]] was heir presumptive to his brother-in-law [[Caligula]] until his death in 38.
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*[[Charles, Count of Valois]], was heir presumptive to his nephew [[Charles IV of France]] twice until his death in 1325.
*[[Binnya E Laung]] was heir presumptive to his father [[Binnya E Law]] until his death.
*[[
*[[Beatrice of Portugal]] was heir presumptive to her father [[Ferdinand I of Portugal]] but upon Ferdinand's death in 1383, Beatrice's half-uncle [[John I of Portugal]] took the throne instead.
▲*[[John of Gaunt]] was heir presumptive to his nephew [[Richard II of England]] until the succession law was changed in 1386.
*[[Bawlawkyantaw]] was heir presumptive to his father [[Razadarit]] until his execution in 1390.
*[[Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March]], was heir presumptive to Richard II after the change in succession until his death in 1398.▼
*[[Theiddat]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Minkhaung I]] until his nephew [[Minye Kyawswa]] was made heir instead.
*[[Joan of Navarre (regent)|Joan of Navarre]] was heir presumptive to her father [[Charles III of Navarre]] until her death in 1413.
*[[Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany]], was heir presumptive to his nephew [[James I of Scotland]] until his death in 1420.
*[[Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence]], was heir presumptive to his brother [[Henry V of England]] from his brother's succession in 1413 to his death in 1421.
▲*[[
*[[Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany]], was heir presumptive to his cousin [[James I of Scotland]] until he was attained and executed in 1425.
*[[John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford]], was heir presumptive to his nephew [[Henry VI of England]] until his death in 1435.
*[[Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl]], was heir presumptive to his
*[[Margaret Stewart, Dauphine of France]], was heir presumptive to her brother [[James II of Scotland]] until her death in 1445.
*[[Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester]], was heir presumptive to his nephew [[Henry VI of England]] until his death in 1447.
*[[Joanna la Beltraneja]] was heir presumptive to her father [[Henry IV of Castile]] until he named his brother [[Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (1453–1468)|Alfonso]] as heir instead.
*[[Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (1453–1468)|Alfonso, Prince of Asturias]], was heir presumptive to his half-brother [[Henry IV of Castile]] until his death in 1468.
*[[George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence]], was heir presumptive to his brother [[Edward IV of England]] until he fled after rebelling against him in 1470.
*[[Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Portugal]], was heir presumptive to her parents [[Isabella I of Castile]] and [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] until her death in 1498.
*[[Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal]], in addition to being heir apparent to his father [[Manuel I of Portugal]], was heir presumptive to his maternal grandparents [[Isabella I of Castile]] and [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] until his death in 1500.
*[[James Stewart, Duke of Ross]], was heir presumptive to his brother [[James IV of Scotland]] until his death in 1504.
*[[Alexander Stewart, Duke of Ross]], was heir presumptive to his brother [[James V of Scotland]] until his death in 1515.
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*[[Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma]], was heir presumptive to his granduncle [[Henry, King of Portugal]] until the [[Portuguese succession crisis of 1580|succession crisis]] that emerged after Henry's death in 1580.
*[[Francis, Duke of Anjou]], was heir presumptive to his brother [[Henry III of France]] until his death in 1584.
*[[Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon (
*[[Dmitry of Uglich]] was heir presumptive to his half-brother [[Feodor I of Russia]] until his death in 1591.
*[[Dmitry Shuisky]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Vasili IV of Russia]] until his brother was overthrown in 1610.
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*[[Margaret Theresa of Spain]] was heir presumptive to her brother [[Charles II of Spain]] until her death in 1673.
*[[Maria Antonia of Austria]] was heir presumptive to her uncle Charles II until her death in 1692.
*[[Joseph Ferdinand, Electoral Prince of Bavaria]], in addition to being heir apparent to his father [[Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria]], was heir presumptive to his
*[[Sophia of Hanover|Sophia, Electress of Hanover]], was declared heir presumptive to the British thrones by the [[Act of Settlement 1701]], but died before acceding to the throne of her distant cousin, [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]].
*[[Philippe II, Duke of Orléans]], was heir presumptive to [[Louis XV of France]] until his death in 1723.
*[[Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg]] was heir presumptive to his half-brother [[Adolphus Frederick III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]], until his death a few months before his brother in 1752.
*[[Prince Augustus William of Prussia]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Frederick the Great|Frederick II of Prussia]] until his death in 1758.
*[[Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]] until his death in 1767.
*[[Duke Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]], until his death in 1778.
*[[Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen]] was heir presumptive to his great-grandnephew [[Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg|Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen]] until his death in 1787.
*[[Ferdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este]] was heir presumptive to his father-in-law [[Ercole III d'Este, Duke of Modena]] until Ercole was deposed by Napoleonic forces in 1796.
*[[Inthraphithak]] was heir presumptive to his father [[Taksin]] until Taksin was overthrown and both were executed in 1802.
*[[Prince Louis of Anhalt-Köthen]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Augustus Christian Frederick, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen]] until his death in 1802.
*[[Maha Sura Singhanat]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Phutthayotfa Chulalok]] until his death in 1803.
*[[Anurak Devesh]] was heir presumptive to his uncle [[Phutthayotfa Chulalok]] until his death in 1806.
*[[Franz Joseph, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Charles Albert III, Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]] until their territory was [[German mediatisation|mediatised]] in 1806.
*[[Maha Senanurak]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Phutthaloetla Naphalai]] until his death in 1817.
*[[Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of Russia]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Alexander I of Russia]] until he renounced his rights in 1823.
*[[Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany]], brother of King [[George IV|George IV of the United Kingdom and Hanover]], was heir presumptive from his brother's ascension in 1820 to his death in 1827.
*[[Maximilian, Hereditary Prince of Saxony]], was heir presumptive to his brother [[Anthony of Saxony]] until he renounced his rights in favour of his son [[Frederick Augustus II of Saxony|Frederick Augustus]] in 1830.
*[[Infante Carlos of Spain, Count of Molina]], brother of [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|King Ferdinand VII of Spain]]. Ferdinand VII [[Pragmatic Sanction of 1830|changed the succession law]] in favour to his daughter, who became [[Isabella II of Spain|Queen Isabella II]] after the King's death in September 1833. This led to the [[Carlist Wars]] in Spain.
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*[[Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany]], until the monarchy was abolished in 1860.
*[[Prince Louis, Count of Trani]], was heir presumptive to his half-brother [[Francis II of the Two Sicilies]] until the monarchy was abolished in 1861.
*[[Prince Albert
*[[Infante João, Duke of Beja]], was heir presumptive to his brother [[Luís I of Portugal]] until his death in 1861.
*[[Ferdinand, Hereditary Prince of Denmark]], was heir presumptive to his nephew King [[Frederick VII of Denmark]] until his death five months before his nephew in 1863.
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*[[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil]], was the heir presumptive to her father [[Pedro II of Brazil]] on the throne of the [[Empire of Brazil]]. However, a ''[[coup d'etat]]'' in 1889 proclaimed a Republic in the country, deposing the monarchy.
*[[Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria]] was the heir presumptive of his brother [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]] from the suicide of his nephew [[Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria]], until his death in 1896.
*[[Duke William of Württemberg]] was heir presumptive to his
*[[Princess Sophie of the Netherlands]] was heir presumptive to her niece Queen [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands]] until her death in 1897.
*[[Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Nicholas II of Russia]] until his death in 1899.
*[[Duke Nicholas of Württemberg]] was heir presumptive to his
*[[Ernest, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld]] was heir presumptive to his
*[[Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders]], was the heir presumptive of his older brother King [[Leopold II of Belgium]] after the death of his nephew [[Prince Leopold, Duke of Brabant]], until his own death in 1905.
*[[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]], was heir presumptive to his brother [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], until he renounced his rights and that of his
*[[Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg]], until his death in 1907.
*[[Afonso, Prince Royal of Portugal]], was the heir presumptive of his nephew [[Manuel II of Portugal]] until the [[5 October 1910 revolution|monarchy was abolished]] in 1910.
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*[[Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria]], was heir presumptive to his nephew [[Otto, King of Bavaria]] until his death in 1912.
*[[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]] was the heir presumptive of his uncle Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]] until his [[Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand|assassination]] June 28, 1914, in [[Sarajevo]].
*[[Duke Philipp of Württemberg]] was heir presumptive to his
*[[Prince Maximilian of Baden]] was heir presumptive to his cousin [[Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden]], until the [[German Revolution of 1918–19|monarchy was abolished]] in 1918.
*[[Charles Michael, Duke of Mecklenburg]], was heir presumptive to his cousin [[Adolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]], until the throne became vacant and was later abolished in 1918.
*[[Ernst, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen]], was heir presumptive to his half-brother [[Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]], until the monarchy was abolished in 1918.
*[[Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg]], was heir presumptive to his
*[[Wolrad, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe]], was heir presumptive to his brother [[Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe]], until the monarchy was abolished in 1918.
*[[Sizzo, Prince of Schwarzburg]], was heir presumptive to his cousin [[Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg]], until the monarchy was abolished in 1918.
*[[Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line]], in addition to ruling his own principality, was heir presumptive to his
*[[Chakrabongse Bhuvanath]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Vajiravudh]] until his death in 1920.
*[[Asdang Dejavudh]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Vajiravudh]] until his death in 1924.
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*[[Prince Nicholas of Romania]] was heir presumptive to his nephew [[Michael I of Romania]] until the [[Socialist Republic of Romania|monarchy was abolished]] in 1947.
*[[Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois]], was heir presumptive to her father [[Louis II, Prince of Monaco]], until [[Monaco succession crisis of 1918|renouncing her rights]] in favour of her son [[Rainier III, Prince of Monaco|Rainier]].
*[[Prince Knud of Denmark]] was the heir presumptive of his brother King [[
*[[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh]] was heir presumptive to her father [[George VI]] in India until it became a republic in 1950, as well as [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]] until [[Newfoundland Act|it joined Canada]] in 1949 (she reigned as Queen of Canada from 6 February 1952 until [[Death of Elizabeth II|her death on 8 September 2022]]).
*[[Mohammed Ali Tewfik]] was heir presumptive to [[Fuad II of Egypt]] until the [[Egyptian revolution of 1952|monarchy was abolished]] in 1953.
*[['Abd al-Ilah]] was heir presumptive to his nephew [[Faisal II of Iraq]] until they were both [[14 July Revolution|executed]] in 1958.
*[[Tunku Abdul Malik]] was heir presumptive to his brother [[Abdul Halim of Kedah]] until his death in 2015.
==References==
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