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{{short description|State park in Nevada, U.S.}}
{{Infobox protected area▼
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}}
| name = Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort <br>State Historic Park▼
▲| name = Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort <br/>State Historic Park
| iucn_ref = ▼
|
| photo_alt = Fort walls
| photo_caption =
| map = United States Downtown Las Vegas#USA Nevada
|
|
| relief = 1
|
| location = [[Las Vegas, Nevada]],
|
| coords_ref = <ref name=gnis/>
| length = ▼
| length_mi = ▼
| width = ▼
▲| area_ref = <ref name=statelands/>
| elevation = {{convert|1923|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=gnis>{{cite gnis|855718|Las Vegas Mormon Fort (historical)}}</ref>
| designation = [[List of Nevada state parks|Nevada state park]]▼
| established = 1991
|
▲| designation = [[List of Nevada state parks|Nevada state historic park]]
| administrator = Nevada Division of State Parks▼
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| visitation_ref =
▲| administrator = Nevada Division of State Parks
| website = {{Official website}}
▲| website = [http://parks.nv.gov/parks/old-las-vegas-mormon-fort Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort <br>State Historic Park]
{{Infobox NRHP
| embed = yes
▲| name = Las Vegas Mormon Fort
| name = Las Vegas Mormon Fort
|
| caption = Part of the original fort, later remodeled and used as a testing laboratory by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
| image_size = 280
| location = 500 E. Washington Ave. <br>[[Las Vegas, Nevada]]
| coordinates
| locmapin
| area = 0.699 acres
| built = 1855
| architect =
| architecture
| added = February 1, 1972
| refnum = 72000764
| increase = December 12, 1978
| increase_refnum = 78003379
| mpsub =
| designated_other1_name = Nevada Historical Marker
| designated_other1_date
| designated_other1_abbr = Marker
| designated_other1_link = Nevada Historical Markers
| designated_other1_number = 35
| designated_other1_color = #ffc94b
}}
}}
'''Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort State Historic Park''' is a [[state park]] of [[Nevada]]
==Architecture and purpose==
==History==▼
It was built in the [[Territorial Style|New Mexico folk carpenter architectural style]] to facilitate travel along the [[Old Spanish Trail (trade route)|Spanish Trail]], and to enable [[Mormon missionary]] work in the [[Las Vegas Valley]] and to those traveling from [[New Mexico Territory|New Mexico]] to [[California]].<ref name=npslesson/><ref name="Friends Of The Fort 1931 h401"/>
[[Mormon]] [[missionaries]] arrived on June 14, 1855 and selected a site, along one of the creeks that flowed from the [[Las Vegas Springs]], on which they would build the fort. The fort served as the midpoint on the trail between [[Salt Lake City, Utah]] and [[Los Angeles, California]].▼
The fort was surrounded by {{convert|14|ft|m|adj=on}} high [[adobe]] walls that extended for {{convert|150|ft|m}}.
▲==History==
===Mormon period===
▲[[Mormon]] [[missionaries]] led by [[Las Vegas Mission#William Bringhurst|William Bringhurst]] arrived on June 14, 1855, and selected a site, along one of the creeks that flowed from the [[Las Vegas Springs]], on which they would build the fort.
===Civil War period===
Around 1860, a small detachment of [[U.S. Army]] troops was assigned to protect the settlers at the fort.<!-- 1st Dragoons from Fort Tejon, part Carltons campaign against the Piute in the Mojave in 1860? -->{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}}
The fort was called Fort Baker during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], named after [[Edward Dickinson Baker]]. In a letter from Col. [[James Henry Carleton]] written to Pacific Department headquarters, December 23, 1861, Carleton mentions his plan to send an advance party of seven companies from [[Fort Yuma]] to reoccupy [[Fort Mojave]] and reestablish the ferry there.<ref>Carleton calls it Fort Navajo, but by referring to the ferry and Major [[William Hoffman (U.S. Army)|Hoffman]]'s route up the Colorado in his campaign against the [[Mohave people|Mohave]] Indians it clearly indicates he means Fort Mojave. He also indicates it will then draw supplies from [[Los Angeles]]. Fort Mojave was the terminus of the supply route known as the [[Mojave Road]] from [[San Bernardino]] and Los Angeles.</ref> Carleton then intended to send on from there three cavalry companies and one of infantry to the Mormon fort at Las Vegas, and establish a post called Fort Baker.
===Ranching/early Las Vegas period===
In 1865, [[Octavius Gass]] re-occupied the fort and started the irrigation works, renaming the area to Los Vegas Rancho (later renamed Las Vegas in 1902). Gass defaulted on a loan to Archibald Stewart in 1881 and lost the ranch, with Stewart and his wife Helen becoming the new caretakers.
Ownership of the fort and the land around it changed hands many times and it had several close calls with destruction.
A $4.5 million renovation and visitor center, designed by assemblageSTUDIO, was completed in 2005.<ref name="unlv" /> A [[visitor center]] explains the history of the fort.<ref name=nsp/>
==See also==
*
*[[Las Vegas Mission
*[[Fort Lemhi]]
*[[Fort Supply (Utah Territory)|Fort Supply]] - another Mormon fort with a similar purpose
*[[List of the oldest buildings in Nevada]]
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=nsp>{{cite web |url=http://parks.nv.gov/parks/old-las-vegas-mormon-fort |title=Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort State Historic Park |work=Nevada State Parks |publisher=Department of Conservation and Natural Resources |
<ref name=statelands>{{cite web |url=http://lands.nv.gov/uploads/documents/PORTFOLIO_Master_List_LATEST_ONE_-_PUBLIC_POSTING_NRS_331.110A.pdf |title=Inventory of State Lands |publisher=Nevada Division of State Lands |date= April 27, 2018 |
<ref name=unlv>{{cite web |url=https://www.library.unlv.edu/speccol/archdb2/index.php/projects/view/157 |title=Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort Visitors Center |work=Special Collections and Archives |publisher=University of Nevada, Las Vegas |
<ref name=parkhistory>{{cite web |url=http://parks.nv.gov/learn/park-histories/old-las-vegas-mormon-fort-history |title=History of Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort State Historic Park |work=Nevada State Parks |publisher=Department of Conservation and Natural Resources |
<ref name="nrhpinv1">{{cite web|url={{NRHP url|id=72000764}} |title=Las Vegas Mormon Fort |work=National Register of Historic Place Inventory Nomination |author=Gene Amberg, Supervisor of Federal Aid Programs, Planning Dept. |date=November 8, 1971 |publisher=National Park Service |
<ref name=markers>{{cite web |url=http://shpo.nv.gov/nevadas-historical-markers/historical-markers/las-vegas-morman-fort |title=Las Vegas Old Mormon Fort |work=Nevada’s State Historical Markers |publisher=State Historic Preservation Office |
<ref name=histmarker>{{cite web|url=https://www.hmdb.org/Marker.asp?Marker=1419 |title=The Las Vegas Mormon Fort |publisher=Historical Marker Database |date=June 16, 2016 |
<ref name=smithsonian>{{cite book |title=The Smithsonian Guide to Historic America: The Desert States |url=https://archive.org/details/smithsonianguide00smit |url-access=registration |author=Michael S. Durham |publisher=Stewart Tabori & Chang |year=1990 |page=[https://archive.org/details/smithsonianguide00smit/page/318 318] |isbn=1556701055 }}</ref>
<ref name=adjutant>{{cite book |title=Records of California Men in the War of the Rebellion 1861 to 1867 |url=https://archive.org/details/recordscaliforn00ortogoog |author=Brig.-Gen. Richard H. Orton |location=Sacramento, Cal. |
<ref name=hunt>{{cite book |title=The Army of the Pacific, 1860-1866 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OVQPLM8mjGAC&pg=PA202 |author=Aurora Hunt |date=2004 |publisher=Stackpole Books |series=Frontier Classics Series |isbn=978-0-8117-2978-9 |pages=202–203}}</ref>
<ref name=brochure>{{cite web |url=http://parks.nv.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/MormonFort2011-screen.pdf |title=Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort Historic State Park Brochure |
<ref name="Friends Of The Fort 1931 h401">{{cite web |url=https://www.friendsofthefort.org/history/ |title=A History of The Old Fort |publisher=Friends of the Fort |date=August 20, 1931 |access-date=March 17, 2024}}</ref>
<ref name=npslesson>{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/the-old-mormon-fort-birthplace-of-las-vegas-nevada-teaching-with-historic-places.htm |title=The Old Mormon Fort: Birthplace of Las Vegas, Nevada |work=Teaching with Historic Places Program |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=July 15, 2024}}</ref>
}}
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{{Commons category|Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort State Historic Park}}
*[http://parks.nv.gov/parks/old-las-vegas-mormon-fort Old Las Vegas Mormon State Historic Park]
{{Downtown Las Vegas}}
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[[Category:Formerly Used Defense Sites in Nevada]]
[[Category:History of Las Vegas]]
[[Category:
[[Category:1855 establishments in New Mexico Territory]]
[[Category:American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places]]
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