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Line 1: {{Short description\|Genus of ferns in the subfamily Pteridoideae}} ~~{{automatic taxobox~~ {{Automatic taxobox \| image = Pteris vittata.jpg \| image_caption = ''[[Pteris vittata]]'' \| taxon = Pteris \| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus\|L.]] \|type_species = ''[[Pteris longifolia]]'' \|type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus\|L.]] 1753 \| subdivision_ranks = Species \| subdivision = See text \|synonyms= * ''Afropteris'' <small>Alston 1956</small> * ''Cryptogramme'' series Anopteris <small>Prantl 1882</small> * ''Anopteris'' <small>Prantl 1882 ex Diels 1899</small> * ''Campteria'' <small>Presl 1836 nom. superfl.</small> * ''Copelandiopteris'' <small>Stone 1973</small> * ''Hemipteris'' <small>Rosenstock 1908</small> * ''Heterophlebium'' <small>Fée 1850-52</small> * ''Heteropteris'' <small>Presl & von Ettingshausen 1865 non Fée 1869 non (sic) Kunth 1822 non Dieis 1899</small> * ''Idiopteris'' <small>Walker 1957</small> * ''Lathyropteris'' <small>Christ 1907</small> * ''Lemapteris'' <small>Rafinesque 1819</small> * ''Litobrochia'' <small>Presl 1836; Neurocallis Fée 1845</small> * ''Ochropteris'' <small>Smith 1841</small> * ''Peripteris'' <small>Rafinesque 1815</small> * ''Phyllitis'' <small>Rafinesque 1819 non Hill 1756 non Moench 1794</small> * ''Platyzoma'' <small>Brown 1810</small> * ''Pteridium'' <small>Rafinesque 1814 non Gleditsch ex Scopoli 1760</small> * ''Pterilis'' <small>Rafinesque 1830 non (sic) Rafinesque 1819</small> * ''Pteripteris'' <small>Rafinesque 1819</small> * ''Pycnodoria'' <small>Presl 1849-51</small> * ''Schizopteris'' <small>Hillebrand 1874 non Brongniart 1828</small> * ''Schizostege'' <small>Presl 1849-51 ex Hillebrand 1888</small> * ''Schizostegopsis'' <small>Copeland 1958</small> * ''Spathepteris'' <small>Presl 1846</small> * ''Thelypteris'' <small>Adanson 1763 non Schmid. 1763</small> }} '''''Pteris''''' ('''brake''') is a genus of about 300 species of [[fern]]s in the subfamily [[Pteridoideae]] of the family [[Pteridaceae]].<ref name=PPGI/><ref name=Christenhusz-2011/> They are native to tropical and subtropical regions, southward to [[New Zealand]], [[Australia]], and [[South Africa]], north to [[Japan]] and [[North America]]. 78 species (35 endemic) are found in [[China]].<ref>{{ Cite web \|url = http://www.iplant.cn/info/Pteris?t=foc\|title = Pteris Linnaeus Sp.\|publisher = Flora of China\|language = en}}</ref> Some species of ''Pteris'' have considerable economic and ecological value, such as ''[[Pteris multifida]]'', ''[[Pteris ensiformis]]'', ''[[Pteris vittata]]'' can be used for ornamental purposes; as a [[hyperaccumulator]], ''Pteris multifida'' and ''Pteris vittata'' can be used to control [[soil pollution]].<ref>{{ Cite web \|url = http://scitech.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2018/0205/c1007-29805512.html\|title = 世界鳳尾蕨屬系統發育關系獲重建\|publisher = Science and Technology Daily\|language = zh}}</ref> '''''Pteris''''' ('''brake''') is a genus of about 300 species of [[fern]]s in the [[Pteridoideae]] subfamily of the [[Pteridaceae]].<ref name=Christenhusz-2011/> They are native to tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Many of them have linear frond segments, and some have sub-palmate division. Like other members of the [[Pteridaceae]], the frond margin is reflexed over the marginal [[sorus\|sori]]. The outermost layer is the single layered [[epidermis]] without stomata. The cortex is differentiated into outer and inner cortical region. The vascular cylinder is an [[wikt:amphiphloic\|amphiphloic]] [[siphonostele]]. The term "brake", used for members of this genus, is a [[Middle English]] word for "fern" from southern England. Its derivation is unclear, and is generally thought to be related to "[[bracken]]", whereby the latter word has been assumed to be a plural, as with "children", and the former word a back-formation. However it may have a separate derivation.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia\| title=brake\|encyclopedia=Oxford English Dictionary \|editor=J. Simpson, \|editor2=E. Weiner ~~(eds)~~\| year=1989 \|edition= 2nd\| location=Oxford \|publisher=Clarendon Press\|isbn= 0-19-861186-2}}</ref> The Latin genus name ''Pteris'' refers to the [[Greek language\|Greek]] name for fern (also meaning feathery).<ref>D. Gledhill {{Google books\|NJ6PyhVuecwC\|The Names of Plants\|page=319}}</ref> ==Phylogeny== {\| class="wikitable" \|- ! colspan=1 \| Fern Tree of Life<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Nitta \|first1=Joel H. \|last2=Schuettpelz \|first2=Eric \|last3=Ramírez-Barahona \|first3=Santiago \|last4=Iwasaki \|first4=Wataru \|display-authors=et al. \|year=2022 \|title=An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life \|journal=Frontiers in Plant Science \|volume=13 \|issue= \|page= 909768\| doi=10.3389/fpls.2022.909768 \|pmid= 36092417\|pmc= 9449725\|bibcode= \|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last1= \|first1= \|last2= \|display-authors=et al. \|year=2023 \|title=Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL \|url=https://fernphy.github.io/viewer.html \|version=FTOL v1.4.0 [GenBank release 253] \|access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref> \|- \| style="vertical-align:top\| {{Clade \| style=font-size:90%;line-height:80% \|1={{clade \|1={{clade \|label1=(''Platyzoma'') \|1=''[[Pteris platyzomopsis\|P. platyzomopsis]]'' <small>Christenhusz & H.Schneid.</small> \|label2=(''Pteris'') \|2={{clade \|1=section ''Moluccanae'' \|2={{clade \|1=section ''Heterophlebium'' \|2=section ''Pteris'' }} }} }} \|2={{clade \|label1=(''Campteria'') \|1={{clade \|1=section ''Tremulae'' \|2={{clade \|1={{clade \|1=section ''Denticulatae'' \|2={{clade \|1=section ''Tripedipteris'' \|2={{clade \|1=Clade 1 \|2={{clade \|1=section ''Lithobrochia'' \|2={{clade \|1=section ''Dentatae'' \|2={{clade \|1=section ''Mutilatae'' \|2=section ''Creticae'' }} }} }} }} }} }} \|2={{clade \|1=section ''Semipinnatae'' \|2={{clade \|1=section ''Hypsopodium'' \|2={{clade \|1=section ''Excelsae'' \|2={{clade \|1=section ''Cadierii'' \|2=section ''Campteria'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} \|} ;Selected species [[File:Pteris hillebrandii (5806384258).jpg\|thumb\|''[[Pteris hillebrandii]]'']] [[File:半邊羽裂鳳尾蕨 Pteris semipinnata 20220619183351 02.jpg\|thumb\|''[[Pteris semipinnata]]'']] {{div col\|colwidth=300px}} ''[[Pteris aberrans]]'' Alderw. ''[[Pteris abyssinica]]'' Hieron. Line 44 ⟶ 139: ''[[Pteris bambusoides]]'' Gepp ''[[Pteris barbigera]]'' Ching ''[[Pteris barklyae]]'' (Baker) Mett ''[[Pteris barombiensis]]'' Hieron. ''[[Pteris bavazzanoi]]'' Pichi-Serm. ~~{{div col\|colwidth=10em}}~~ ''[[Pteris beecheyana]]'' Ag. ''[[Pteris bella]]'' Tagawa Line 66 ⟶ 161: ''[[Pteris calcarea]]'' Kurata ''[[Pteris calocarpa]]'' (Copel.) M. Price ''[[Pteris carsei]]'' Braggins & Brownsey ''[[Pteris catoptera]]'' Kze. ''[[Pteris chiapensis]]'' A. R. Sm. Line 355 ⟶ 451: Some of these ferns are popular in cultivation as houseplants. These smaller species are often called "table ferns". ''Pteris vittata'' (commonly known as brake fern) was discovered to have the ability to "hyperaccumulate" (absorb large amounts of) [[arsenic]] from soil. The fern was growing at a central [[Florida]] site contaminated with large amounts of [[copper arsenate]] in the soil. Dr. Lena Q. Ma of the [[University of Florida]] later discovered that it had hyperaccumulated considerable amounts of arsenic from the soil. The discovery may lead to the use of ''Pteris vittata'' as a potential [[bioremediation]] plant. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061205233205/http://lqma.ifas.ufl.edu/PUBLICATION/MAMa-~~01A~~01a.~~PDF~~pdf] ==References== {{Commons category\|Pteris}} {{Reflist\|refs= <ref name=Christenhusz-2011>{{cite journal \| first1=Maarten J. M. \| last1=Christenhusz \| first2=Xian-Chun \| last2=Zhang \| first3=Harald \| last3=Schneider \| title=A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns \| journal=[[Phytotaxa]] \| volume=19 \| pages=7–54 \| date=18 February 2011 \| doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2 \| url=http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p054.pdf \| issn=1179-3163}}</ref> <ref name=PPGI>{{Citation \|mode=cs1 \|author=PPG I \|year=2016 \|title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns \|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution \|volume=54 \|issue=6 \|pages=563–603 \|doi=10.1111/jse.12229\|s2cid=39980610 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20001118212200/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?10079 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Pteris''] ~~{{Commons category\|Pteris}}~~ [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?10079 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Pteris''] [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=127430 Flora of North America: ''Pteris''] [http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=3&start_taxon_id=127430 Flora of India ''Pteris'' species list] {{Plant classification}} {{Fern classification}} {{Taxonbar\|from=Q2451124}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Pteris\| ]] [[Category:~~Pteridophyta~~Fern genera]]