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Line 1: {{Infobox settlement \| official_name = Illescas~~, Spain~~ \| nickname = \| settlement_type = [[Municipalities in Spain\|Municipality]] \| image_skyline= (Illescas) Por las afueras de Illescas (32055487988) (cropped).jpg \| image_flag = ETM Illescas.PNG \| image_shield = Coat of Arms of Illescas.svg \| shield_size = 75px \| pushpin_map = Spain#Spain Castilla-La Mancha~~#Spain~~ \| pushpin_relief = 1 \| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Illescas within the Castile-La Mancha \| subdivision_type = ~~[[List of sovereign states\|~~Country]] \| subdivision_name = [[Spain]] \| subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous communities of Spain\|Autonomous community]] \| subdivision_name1 = [[~~Castile-La~~Castilla–La Mancha]] \| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Spain\|Province]] \| subdivision_name2 = [[Toledo (province)\|Toledo]] ~~\| subdivision_type3 = [[List of municipalities in Toledo\|Municipality]]~~ ~~\| subdivision_name3 = Illescas~~ \| leader_title = ▼ ~~\| leader_name =~~ \| area_magnitude = \| area_total_km2 = 57 56.75 \| area_land_km2 = \| area_water_km2 = Line 33: \| website = \| footnotes = ▲\| leader_title = Mayor \| }}▼ \| leader_name = [[José Manuel Tofiño]] ▲\| }} '''Illescas''' is a town and [[Municipalities in Spain\|municipality]] of [[Spain]] located in the [[Toledo (province)\|province of Toledo]], [[Castilla–La Mancha]].<ref name=REL /> The municipality spans across a total area of 56.75 km<sup>2</sup> and, as of 1 January 2020, it has a registered population of 30,229,<ref name=REL>{{Cite web\|publisher=[[Ministry of Economy (Spain)\|Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital]]\|title=Datos del Registro de Entidades Locales\|url=https://ssweb.seap.minhap.es/REL/frontend/inicio/municipios/8/13411/50\|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref> which makes it the third most populated municipality in the province. It belongs to the traditional ''[[comarca (Spain)\|comarca]]'' of [[La Sagra]]. == Name == '''Illescas''' is a municipality located in the [[Toledo (province)\|province of Toledo]], [[Castile-La Mancha]], Spain. According to the 2006 [[census]] ([[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)\|INE]]), the municipality has a population of 15,830 inhabitants. In 2012, Illescas had more than 24,000 inhabitants. The first name reported in the middle ages was that of ''Elesches''.{{Sfn\|García Sánchez\|2002\|p=241}} Ensuing variations include ''Ilesches'', ''Ilescas'', ''Ailescas'', ''Hilesques'', ''Ylesches'' and ''Hylesques''.{{Sfn\|García Sánchez\|2002\|p=241}} A tentative identification with ''Egelesta'', mentioned in classical sources such as [[Ptolemy]], has been proposed.{{Sfn\|García Sánchez\|2002\|p=240}} It may be thus related to the Iberian-Basque 'egi-' ("hill line", "hillside"), whereas other authors relate ''Illescas'' to the proto-indoeuropean 'il' ("city").{{Sfn\|Jiménez de Gregorio\|2002\|p=94}} == History == Placed within the municipal limits to the southwest of the town, El Cerrón archaeological site was a [[Carpetani]] settlement.{{Sfn\|Salinas de Frías\|2007\|p=45}} Illescas was founded in 2621 BC, although archaeological remains indicate that the area has been populated since prehistoric ages. According to data collected during excavations performed in ''yacimiento de el Cerrón'' a [[Celtiberians\|Celtiberian]] town existed on this site between the late 2nd and 5th centuries. Illescas was acquired by [[Alfonso VII]] from the Bishop of Segovia in exchange of Aguilafuente and Bobadilla.{{Sfn\|Chamocho Cantudo\|2017\|p=100}} A population charter was granted in 1154, bestowing a number of privileges to the [[Gascony\|Gascon]] settlers.{{Sfnm\|Jiménez de Gregorio\|2002\|1p=38\|Chamocho Cantudo\|2017\|2p=100}} It was effectively transferred to Archbishop {{ill\|Cerebruno\|es}} in 1176,{{Sfn\|Jiménez de Gregorio\|2002\|p=40}} hereby becoming a seigneurial dominion of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toledo\|Mitre of Toledo]].{{Sfn\|Chamocho Cantudo\|2017\|p=100}} In the 14th century, the inhabitants sought to free themselves from the ecclesiastical yoke, which was however confirmed by the Crown in 1329, although the monarch retained control over the ''morería'' and the ''judería''.{{Sfn\|Jiménez de Gregorio\|2002\|p=50}} The town was sacked in 1441.{{Sfn\|Jiménez de Gregorio\|2002\|p=54}} By the 15th century, Illescas was a walled town that enjoyed an important [[marketplace]] and levied a gate tax (from which Madrilenians were exempted).{{Sfn\|Puñal Fernández\|2014\|p=125}} It was incorporated to the Crown in May 1575, hereby becoming a {{ill\|realengo (jurisdiction)\|es\|realengo\|lt=''realengo''}} town ('royal demesne').{{Sfnm\|Jiménez de Gregorio\|2002\|1p=72\|Moxó\|1961\|2p=355}} In 1154 [[Alfonso VII of León and Castile\|Alfonso VII]] signed a [[Municipal charter\|town charter]] and four years later the village was made part of the ''Señorio arzobispal'' and remained so until 1575{{clarify\|date=March 2013}}. Once a playground for kings, it lost royal favor because of the [[Revolt of the Comuneros]] in which local resident Francisco de Guzmán captained a group of commoners in the army of [[Juan de Padilla]]. during the Revolt, which occurred from the year 1520 to 1521. The town gained a railway link in 1876. The town's population experienced a steady growth throughout the 20th century.{{Sfn\|Rodríguez Rodríguez\|1983\|p=35}}{{Refn\|group=n.\|1728 (1900), 1758 (1910), 1853 (1920), 2091 (1930), 2168 (1940), 2129 (1950), 2560 (1960), 4246 (1970), 4854 (1975), 6054 (1981).{{Sfn\|Rodríguez Rodríguez\|1983\|p=34}}}} Population boomed in the first two decades of the 21st century, roughly increasing threefold.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.latribunadetoledo.es/Noticia/ZC94238D8-B308-FA28-82640510412AC38E/202101/Illescas,-Sese%C3%B1a-y-Yuncos-han-triplicado-su-censo-este-siglo\|website=La Tribuna de Toledo\|title=Illescas, Seseña y Yuncos han triplicado su censo este siglo\|first=A.P\|last=González\|date=3 January 2021}}</ref> Thanks to the location, communications and available land, Illescas became a major [[logistics]] centre in Spain by the early 21st century.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.abc.es/espana/castilla-la-mancha/toledo/abci-illescas-cambio-modelo-productivo-ladrillo-logistica-202105031022_noticia.html\|website=[[ABC (Spain)\|ABC]]\|title=Illescas, un cambio en el modelo productivo: del ladrillo a la logística\|date=3 May 2021\|first=Mercedes\|last=Vega}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.elespanol.com/invertia/empresas/inmobiliario/20200508/amazon-airbus-michelin-ponen-illescas-mapa/488202456_0.html\|website=Invertia\|publisher=[[El Español]]\|title=Amazon, Airbus y Michelin ponen a Illescas en el mapa\|first=Javier\|last=Rosell\|date=8 May 2020}}</ref> ===Geography===▼ The village is located on a plain between Madrid and Toledo. It belongs to the region of [[La Sagra]] and to the north borders with [[Casarrubuelos]], [[Cubas de la Sagra]], [[Torrejón de la Calzada]] and [[Torrejón de Velasco]]. To the east it borders with [[Yeles]] and the ''house of Campsota''{{clarify\|date=March 2013}}. To the south it borders with [[Numancia de la Sagra]] and to the west it borders with [[Cedillo del Condado]], [[El Viso de San Juan]], [[Ugena]], [[Carranque]] and the west of Toledo.▼ ▲===Geography=== ▲The ~~village~~town is located on a plain between Madrid and Toledo. It belongs to the region of [[La Sagra]] and to the north borders with [[Casarrubuelos]], [[Cubas de la Sagra]], [[Torrejón de la Calzada]] and [[Torrejón de Velasco]]. To the east it borders with [[Yeles]] and the ''house of Campsota''~~{{clarify\|date=March 2013}}~~. To the south it borders with [[Numancia de la Sagra]] and to the west it borders with [[Cedillo del Condado]], [[El Viso de San Juan]], [[Ugena]], [[Carranque]] and the west of Toledo. === Monuments === Arco de Ugena is the remaining fragment of the old ''Puerta de Ugena'', a door made of wood in the [[Mudéjar]] style. The wall had five doors and the ''Arco de Ugena'' is the last one standing. It is thought to have been built in the 11th century, when [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile\|Alfonso VI]] wanted to wall the village. Convento de la Concepción de la Madre de Dios was built in 1514 by [[Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros\|Cardinal Cisneros]]. The first [[:wikt:mother superior\|mother superior]], Inés de la Concepción, was Cardinal Cisneros's cousin. Line 60 ⟶ 66: ==References== ;Informational notes {{reflist\|group=n.}} ;References {{reflist\|2}} ;Bibliography * {{Cite book\|title=Los fueros del Reino de Toledo y Castilla la Nueva\|first=Miguel Ángel\|last=Chamocho Cantudo\|url=https://www.boe.es/biblioteca_juridica/abrir_pdf.php?id=PUB-LH-2017-3\|publisher=[[Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado]]\|location=Madrid\|year=2017\|isbn=978-84-340-2407-6}} * {{Cite journal\|title=Illescas y Egelesta, posible reencuentro de las formas de un mismo toponimo celtibérico\|first=Jairo Javier\|last=García Sánchez\|journal=Nouvelle revue d'onomastique\|year=2002\|volume=39–40\|pages=239–246\|url=https://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/onoma_0755-7752_2002_num_39_1_1429.pdf\|issn=2647-8463}} * {{Cite book\|first=Fernando\|last=Jiménez de Gregorio\|author-link=Fernando Jiménez de Gregorio\|title=La Sagra toledana\|year=2002\|isbn=84-95432-01-3\|location=Toledo\|publisher=[[Provincial Deputation of Toledo\|Diputación Provincial de Toledo]]\|url=https://realacademiatoledo.es/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/files_temastoledanos_102.%20La%20Sagra%20toledana,%20por%20Fernando%20Jimenez%20de%20Gregorio.pdf}} * {{Cite journal\|title=Las desamortizaciones eclesiásticas del siglo XVI\|first=Salvador de\|last=Moxó\|journal=Anuario de Historia del Derecho Español\|issn=0304-4319\|issue=31\|year=1961\|pages=327–362\|url=https://www.boe.es/publicaciones/anuarios_derecho/abrir_pdf.php?id=ANU-H-1961-10032700362}} * {{Cite journal\|title=El comercio madrileño en el entorno territorial y urbano de la Baja Edad Media\|first=Tomás\|last=Puñal Fernández\|journal=Edad Media: Revista de Historia\|issue=15\|year=2014\|pages=115–133\|url=https://revistas.uva.es/index.php/edadmedia/article/view/423/418\|publisher=[[University of Valladolid\|Universidad de Valladolid]]\|location=Valladolid\|issn=2530-6448}} * {{Cite book\|url=https://realacademiatoledo.es/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/files_temastoledanos_27-28.%20Notas%20sobre%20la%20historia%20y%20geografia%20de%20La%20Sagra,%20por%20Vicente%20Rodriguez%20Rodriguez.pdf\|first=Vicente\|last=Rodríguez Rodríguez\|title=Notas sobre la historia y la geografía de La Sagra\|year=1983\|isbn=84-00-05384-2\|publisher=[[Provincial Deputation of Toledo\|Diputación Provincial de Toledo]]\|location=Toledo}} * {{Cite book\|last=Salinas de Frías\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jv8EqBuWec4C&pg=PA45\|title=Los pueblos prerromanos en Castilla-La Mancha\|editor-first=Gregorio\|editor-last=Carrasco Serrano\|chapter=Los carpetanos: siglos III a. C. al I a. C\|first=Manuel\|location=Cuenca\|publisher=[[Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha]]\|year=2007\|isbn=978-84-8427-495-7}} {{commons category}} {{Municipalities in Toledo}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Illescas, Toledo\| ]] [[Category:Municipalities in the Province of Toledo]]