Salchow jump: Difference between revisions

The Salchow jump is an edge jump in the sport of [[figure skating]]. It was named after its inventor, Swedish world champion [[Ulrich Salchow]] in 1909.<!-- This is the 22-23 media guide, despite the file name --><ref name="ISU Media Guide 22mediaguide-2316">{{cite web | title= ISU Figure Skating Media Guideguide, 2022/23 | date=17 October 2022|url=https://isup.org/media-centre/guides/media/26363-figure-skating-media-guide-2021-22/file | access-date=2023-09-22}}16</ref><ref>Hines, p. 193</ref> According to writer Ellyn Kestnbaum, American skater [[Theresa Weld]] "received reprimands" at the [[1920 Olympics]] "for performing a single Salchow jump because her skirt would fly up to her knees, creating an image deemed too risque".<ref>Kestnbaum, p. 92</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Eschner |first1=Kat |date=6 February 2018 |title=A Brief History of Women's Figure Skating |work=Smithsonian Magazine |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/brief-history-womens-figure-skating-180968044/ |access-date=1928 NovemberJune 20222024 |work=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref>

| Triple Salchow (men's)|| {{Sortname|Ronald|Robertson|Ronald Robertson (figure skater)}} || {{flagcountry|USA}} || [[1955 World Figure Skating Championships|1955 World Championships]] ||<ref name="ISU mediaguide-17">Media Guideguide, 22-23"p. 17</ref>

| Triple Salchow (women's) || {{Sortname|Petra|Burka}} || {{flagcountry|CAN}} || [[Canadian Figure Skating Championships|1962 Canadian Championships]] || <ref name="ISU Media Guide 22mediaguide-2317"/>{{Efn|Not definitely established. A report from the [[1961 European Figure Skating Championships|1961 European Championships]] stated that [[Helli Sengstschmid]] from Austria and [[Jana Mrazkova]] from Czechoslovakia had already successfully landed a triple Salchow.<ref name="ISU Media Guide 22-23"/>}}

| Triple Salchow (women's) || {{Sortname|Helli|Sengstschmid}} || {{flagcountry|AUT}} || [[1961 European Figure Skating Championships|1961 European Championships]] || <ref name="ISU Media Guide 22mediaguide-2317" />

| Triple Salchow (women's) || {{Sortname|Jana|Mrázková}} || {{flagcountry|CZE}} || [[1961 European Figure Skating Championships|1961 European Championships]] ||<ref name="ISU Media Guide 22mediaguide-2317" />

| Quadruple Salchow (men's)|| {{Sortname|Timothy|Goebel}} || {{flagcountry|USA}} || [[1997–98 ISU Junior Series|1997-1998 Junior Grand Prix final]] ||<ref name="ISU Media Guide 22mediaguide-2317" />

| Quadruple Salchow (women's)|| {{Sortname|Miki|Ando}} || {{flagcountry|JAP}} || [[2002–03 ISU Junior Grand Prix|2002-2003 Junior Grand Prix final]] || <ref name="ISU Media Guide 22mediaguide-2317" />

| Quad Salchow w/quad [[toe loop jump]] (male's) || [[Ilia Klimkin]] || {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Russia]] || [[1999 Nebelhorn Trophy]] ||<ref name="ISU Media Guide 22mediaguide-2317" />

| Quad Salchow w/quad toe loop (women's)|| [[Alexandra Trusova]] || {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Russia]] || [[2018 World Junior Figure Skating Championships|2018 World Junior Championships]] ||<ref name="ISU Media Guide 22mediaguide-2317" />

| Two quad Salchows in combination with the triple and quadruple toe loop (men's) || [[Timothy Goebel]] || {{Flagicon|USA}} [[United States]] || [[1999 Skate America]] || <ref name="ISU Media Guide 22mediaguide-2317" />

| Four quad jumps in the same program: Two quad Salchows, one in combination with the double toe loop; the quadruple toe loop in combination with the double toe loop; and the quadruple toe loop (men's) || [[Nathan Chen]] || {{Flagicon|USA}} [[United States]] || [[2016 U.S. Figure Skating Championships|2016 U.S. Championships]] || <ref name="ISU mediaguide-18">Media Guideguide, 22-23"p. 18</ref>

| Four quad jumps in the same program: Quad Salchow, quad Lutz, quad toe loop jump-triple toe loop, quad toe loop-Euler-triple Salchow (women's) || [[Alexandra Trusova]] || {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Russia]] || [[Japan Open (figure skating)|2019 Japan Open]] || <ref name="ISU Media Guide 22mediaguide-2318"/>

|<ref name="ISU Media Guide 22mediaguide-2318" />

| Throw quad Salchow ([[pair skating]])|| [[Tiffany Vise]] and [[Derek Trent]]|| {{Flagicon|USA}} [[United States]]|| [[2007 Trophee Eric Bompard]]||<ref name="ISU Media Guide 22mediaguide-2318" />

AccordingAs todefined by the ISU, the Salchow jump is an edge jump. Its takeoff is made from the back inside edge of one foot and its landing is made on the back outside edge of the opposite foot.<ref name="ISU Media Guide 22mediaguide-2316" /> The skater enters into the jump with a backward approach, launches it using their inside edge, and lands on the opposite outside edge.<ref name="park">{{cite news |last1=Park |first1=Alice |date=22 February 2018 |title=HowEverything toYou TellEver theWanted Differenceto Between theKnow 6About Figure Skating Jumps You'lland See at the Olympics |work=Time MagazineScores |url=http://time.com/5131773/guide-figure-skating-jumps-olympics/ |access-date=2028 NovemberJune 2024 |work=Time 2022Magazine}}</ref> The free leg is extended behind the skater and swings toward the front as they spring into the air while, at the same time, drawing in their arms.<ref name="usfsjumps">{{cite web |title=Identifying Jumps |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915120940/https://www.usfsa.org/content/Identifying%20Jumps.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915120940/https://www.usfsa.org/content/Identifying%20Jumps.pdf |archive-date=15 September 2019 |access-date=2028 NovemberJune 20222024 |publisher=U.S. Figure Skating |page=2}}</ref> Skaters do not have to draw in their arms or free leg close to their bodies while performing the single Salchow because bringing the free side of their bodies forward and around the opposite side of their bodies after they turn towards the back, is enough to produce the necessary rotation.<ref name="cultureonice-284"/>

The rotation in the air, with respect to a fixed point, is slightly less than 360 degrees because the takeoff edge curves in the same direction as the rotation in the air. When a skater pulls the arms into their body and/or brings their free leg inward, more rotations can be performed; for this reason, the Salchow is "usually the first jump that skaters learn to double, and the first or second to triple".<ref name="cultureonice-284"/> As [[U.S. Figure Skating]] states, however, "timing is critical"<ref name="usfsjumps"/> because both the takeoff and landing must be on the backward edge.

* [https://www.isu.org/media-centre/guides/media/2636332039-figure-skating-media-guide-20212023-2224/file "ISU Figure Skating Media Guide 20222023/2324]". (Media guide) International Skating Union. 17 October 2022. Retrieved 1928 NovemberJune 20222024.