Bishop of Norwich: Difference between revisions

{{Use dmyBritish datesEnglish|date=SeptemberJuly 20152022}}

Though the see took the name Norwich in the 11th century, its history goes back 500400 years earlier, to the final conversion of the [[kingdom of East Anglia]] by [[Felix of Dunwich|St Felix]]. The East Angles became [[Christianity|Christian]] during the reign of [[Sigeberht of East Anglia|Sigeberht]], who succeeded to the kingdom in 628. Felix fixed his see at [[Dommoc]], which may have been at [[Dunwich]], now almost entirely submerged off the [[Suffolk Coast and Heaths|coast of Suffolk]]. From there he evangelized the areas corresponding to the modern counties of Norfolk, Suffolk and [[Cambridgeshire]], which later were to form the diocese of Norwich. He was succeeded in turn by [[Thomas (bishop of the East Angles)|Thomas]] in 647, [[Brigilsus]] (died about 669) and [[Bifus]]. Upon the death of Bifus, in 673 [[Theodore of Tarsus|Theodore]], the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], divided the see between Dunwich and Elmham.

[[Herbert de Losinga]] obtained his appointment in 1091 by means of a [[Simony|simoniacal gift]] to King [[William Rufus]] to secure his election, but being subsequently struck with remorse went to [[Rome]] in 1094 to obtain [[absolution]] from the [[pope]]. Herbert founded a [[priory]] in Norwich in [[expiation]] for his sin and at the same time moved his see there from Thetford in 1094 under William. The See of Thetford was formed when [[Herfast]] moved the [[episcopal see]] from Elmham to Thetford in 1075. This short-lived see continued until it was moved to Norwich in 1094.<ref name=HBOBC/><ref name=crockfords100th/> The [[Chapter (religion)|chapter]] of secular [[Canon (priest)|canons]] was dissolved and [[monk]]s took their place. The foundation-stone of the new cathedral at Norwich was laid in 1096, in honour of the Blessed Trinity. By the time of his death in 1119, [[Herbert de Losinga]] had completed the [[Choir (architecture)|choir]], which is apsidal and encircled by a procession path, and which originally gave access to three [[Normans|Norman]] chapels. His successor, [[Everard (bishop)|Everard]], completed the long Norman [[nave]] so that the cathedral is a very early twelfth-century building, modified naturally by later additions and alterations. The chief of these is the Lady Chapel (c. 1250, destroyed by the Protestant Dean [[George Gardiner (priest)|Gardiner]] 1573-15891573–1589); the cloisters (c. 1300), the West Window (c. 1440), the [[rood screen]], the spire and the vault spanning the nave (c. 1450). The cathedral suffered much from [[iconoclasm]] during the [[English Reformation|Reformation]] and the [[English Civil War|civil wars]].

The main religious houses in the medieval diocese were the [[Benedictine]] Abbeys of [[Bury St Edmunds]], [[Wymondham]], and [[St Benet's Abbey|St Benet's]] of Hulme, the cathedral priory of Norwich, along with the [[Cistercian]] Abbey of Sibton, the only Cistercian Abbey in East Anglia (the ruins now privately owned by the [[Levett]]-Scrivener family<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ruralenglandbei02hagggoog |page=[https://archive.org/details/ruralenglandbei02hagggoog/page/n485 439] |quote=levett-scrivener. |title=Rural England, |first=Henry Rider |last=Haggard |date=1906 |publisher=Longmans, Green & Company |via=Internet Archive |accessdateaccess-date=11 March 2012}}</ref>), and the abbeys of the [[Canons regular#Canons Regular of Saint Augustine|Augustinian]] Canons at Wendling, Langley, and Laystone. Both Dominican and Franciscan convents were to be found at [[King's Lynn|Lynn]], Norwich, [[Great Yarmouth|Yarmouth]], Dunwich, and Ipswich, while the [[Dominican Order|Dominican]]s also had houses at Thetford and Sudbury and the Franciscans at Bury St Edmund's and at [[Walsingham]], where the great shrine of Our Lady was, a foundation of Augustinian canons. The Carmelites were at Lynn, Norwich, Yarmouth, and Blakeney; and the Austin Friars at Norwich, Lynn, and [[Orford, Suffolk|Orford]].

|+Bishops of Elmham<ref name=HBOBC>{{cite book |author1=Fryde, E. B. |author2=Greenway, D. E. |author3=Porter, S. |author4=Roy, I. |title=Handbook of British Chronology |edition=3rd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=1986 |isbn=0-521-56350-X |pages=216–217 and 243}}</ref><ref name=crockfordsweb684>{{cite web |url=http://www.crockford.org.uk/listing.asp?id=684 |title=Historical successions: Norwich (including precussor offices) |work=Crockford's Clerical Directory |accessdateaccess-date=1 February 2012}}</ref>

|Deprived in 1043; also was [[Bishop of Selsey]] 1039-10471039–1047

| '''[[Herbert de Losinga]]'''

| <small>Elected and consecrated Bishop of Thetford in 1091. Transferred the see to Norwich in 1094. Died in office on 22 July 1119.</small>

| '''[[Everard of Calne]]'''

| <small>Also possibly known as Everard of Calne.{{clarification needed|date=October 2022}} Formerly [[Archdeacon of Salisbury]]. Elected bishop soon after 13 March 1121 and consecrated on 12 June 1121. Resigned in 1145 and died on 12 October 1146</small>

| '''[[William de Turbeville]]'''

| <small>Also recorded as William Turbe. Formerly [[Prior (ecclesiastical)|Prior]] of [[Norwich Cathedral|Norwich]]. Elected and consecrated in 1146 or early 1147. Died in office on 16 January 1174.</small>

| '''[[John of Oxford]]'''

| <small>Formerly [[Dean of Salisbury]]. Elected before 26 November 1175 and consecrated on 14 December 1175. Died in office on 2 June 1200.</small>

| '''[[John de Gray]]'''

| <small>Elected before 3 September 1200 and consecrated on 24 September 1200. Became [[List of Archbishops of Canterbury|Archbishop-elect of Canterbury]] in 1205, but was set aside by the [[Pope Innocent III|pope]] in 1206. Continued bishop of Norwich until his death on 18 October 1214.</small>

| '''[[Pandulf Verraccio]]'''

| <small>Elected sometime between 18 July and 9 August 1215, but was not consecrated until 29 May 1222. Also was [[Papal legate]] to England (1218-12211218–1221). Died in office on 16 September 1226.</small>

| '''[[Thomas Blunville]]'''

| <small>Also recorded as Thomas de Blundeville. Formerly Clerk of the [[Exchequer]]. Elected in October 1226 and consecrated on 20 December 1226. Died in office on 16 August 1236.</small>

| <small>Elected after 9 November 1236, but quashed on 17 January 1239.</small>

| '''[[William de Raley]]'''

| <small>Also recorded as William Raleigh. Elected on 10 April 1239 and consecrated on 25 September 1239. Translated to [[Bishop of Winchester|Winchester]] in September 1243.</small>

| '''[[Walter Suffield]]'''

| <small>Also recorded as Walter de Suthfield, and Walter Calthorp. Elected before 9 July 1244 and consecrated on 26 February 1245. Died in office on 19 May 1257.</small>

| '''[[Simon Walton (bishop)|Simon Walton]]'''

| <small>Also recorded as Simon de Wanton. Elected on 4 June 1257 and consecrated on 10 March 1258. Died in office before January 1266.</small>

| '''[[Roger Skerning]]'''

| <small>Elected on 23 January 1266 and consecrated on 4 April 1266. Died in office on 22 January 1278.</small>

| '''[[William Middleton (bishop)|William Middleton]]'''

| <small>Elected on 24 February 1278 and consecrated on 29 May 1278. Died in office on 31 August or 1 September 1288.</small>

| '''[[Ralph Walpole]]'''

| <small>Elected on 11 November 1288 and consecrated on 20 March 1289. Translated to [[Bishop of Ely|Ely]] on 5 June 1299.</small>

| '''[[John Salmon (bishop)|John Salmon]]'''

| <small>Appointed sometime between 5 and 18 June 1299 and consecrated on 15 November 1299. Died in office on 6 July 1325.</small>

| <small>Elected on 23 July 1325, but without consecration resigned on 3 September 1325.</small>

| '''[[William Ayermin]]'''

| <small>Also recorded as William Ayermine. Appointed on 19 July 1325 and consecrated on 15 September 1325. Died in office on 27 March 1336.</small>

| <small>Elected on 6 April 1336, but before consecration translated to [[Bishop of Worcester|Worcester]] on 14 March 1337.</small>

| '''[[Antony Bek (bishop of Norwich)|Antony Bek]]'''

| <small>Formerly [[Bishop of Lincoln|Bishop-elect of Lincoln]]. Appointed on 14 March 1337 and consecrated on 30 March 1337. Died in office on 19 December 1343.</small>

| '''[[William Bateman (bishop)|William Bateman]]'''

| <small>Appointed on 23 or 24 January 1344 and consecrated on 23 May 1344. Died in office on 6 January 1355.</small>

| '''[[Thomas Percy (bishop of Norwich)|Thomas Percy]]'''

| <small>Appointed on 4 February 1355 and consecrated on 3 January 1356. Died in office on 8 August 1369.</small>

| '''[[Henry le Despenser]]'''

| <small>Appointed on 3 April 1370 and consecrated on 14 August 1370. Died in office on 23 August 1406.</small>

| '''[[Alexander Tottington]]'''

| <small>Elected on 14 September 1406, appointed on 19 January 1407, and consecrated on 23 October 1407. Died in office before 20 April 1413.</small>

| '''[[Richard Courtenay]]'''

| <small>Elected before 28 June 1413 and appointed on that date, and consecrated on 17 September 1413. Died in office on 15 September 1415.</small>

| '''[[John Wakering]]'''

| <small>Also recorded as John Wakeryng. Elected before 24 November 1415 and consecrated on 31 May 1416. Died in office on 9 April 1425.</small>

| '''[[William Alnwick]]'''

| <small>Formerly [[Archdeacon of Salisbury]]. Appointed on 27 February 1426 and consecrated on 18 August 1426. Translated to [[Bishop of Lincoln|Lincoln]] on 19 September 1436.</small>

| '''[[Thomas Brunce]]'''

| <small>Also known as Thomas Brouns, and sometimes incorrectly as Thomas Brown. Translated from [[Bishop of Rochester|Rochester]]. Appointed on 19 September 1436. Died in office on 6 December 1445.</small>

| '''[[Walter Hart]]'''

| <small>Also recorded as Walter Lyhert. Appointed on 24 January 1446 and consecrated on 27 February 1446. Died in office on 24 May 1472.</small>

| '''[[James Goldwell]]'''

| <small>Appointed on 17 July 1472 and consecrated on 4 October 1472. Died in office on 15 February 1499.</small>

| '''[[Thomas Jane (bishop)|Thomas Jane]]'''

| <small>Appointed on 14 June 1499 and consecrated on 20 October 1499. Died in office in September 1500.</small>

| '''[[Richard Nykke]]'''

| <small>Also recorded as Richard Nix. Appointed on 26 February 1501 and consecrated on 6 June 1501. Died in office on 29 December 1535.</small>

|+ Bishops of Norwich during the Reformation<ref name=FastiJones23-25/><ref>{{Harvnb|Fryde|Greenway|Porter|Roy|1986}}, ''Handbook of British Chronology'', p. 262 .</ref><ref name=FastiHorn37-41>{{Harvnb|Horn|1996}}, ''Bishops of Norwich, Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857'', volume 7, pp. 37–41.</ref>

| [[File:Bp John Parkhurst.jpg|60px]] '''[[John Parkhurst]]'''

| [[File:No image.svg|60px]] '''[[Edmund Freke]]'''

| [[File:Bp Edmund Scambler.jpg|60px]] '''[[Edmund Scambler]]'''

| [[File:No image.svg|60px]] '''[[William Redman (bishop)|William Redman]]'''

| [[File:Bp John Jegon.jpg|60px]] '''[[John Jegon]]'''

| [[File:Joverall.jpg|60px]] '''[[John Overall (bishop)|John Overall]]'''

| [[File:Harsnett crop.png|60px]] '''[[Samuel Harsnett]]'''

| [[File:Bp Francis White.jpg|60px]] '''[[Francis White (bishop)|Francis White]]'''

| [[File:Portrait of Richard Corbet Bishop of Norwich by Sylvester Harding.jpg|60px]] '''[[Richard Corbet]]'''

| [[File:Bp Matthew Wren, Pembroke.jpg|60px]] '''[[Matthew Wren]]'''

| [[File:No image.svg|60px]] '''[[Richard Montagu]]'''

| [[File:Bp Joseph Hall.jpg|60px]] '''[[Joseph Hall (bishop)|Joseph Hall]]'''

| colspan="2" | The see was abolished during the [[Commonwealth of England|Commonwealth]] and the [[The Protectorate|Protectorate]].<ref>[{{cite web |last=Plant |first=David |year=2002 |url=http://wwwbcw-project.britishorg/church-civiland-wars.co.ukstate/glossarysects-and-factions/episcopacy.htmepiscopalians Episcopacy].|title=Episcopalians ''British|website=BCW CivilProject Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate 1638–60''. Retrieved|access-date=25 onApril 302021 July 2013.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=King |first=Peter |date=July 1968 |title=The Episcopate during the Civil Wars, 1642-16491642–1649 |journal=[[The English Historical Review]] |volume= 83 |issue= 328 |pages=523–537 |publisher=Oxford University Press |jstor=564164 |doi=10.1093/ehr/lxxxiii.cccxxviii.523}}</ref>

| [[File:Edward Reynolds crop.jpg|60px]] '''[[Edward Reynolds]]'''

| [[File:Bp Anthony Sparrow.jpg|60px]] '''[[Anthony Sparrow]]'''

| [[File:No image.svg|60px]] '''[[William Lloyd (bishop of Norwich)|William Lloyd]]'''

| [[File:John Moore, Bp Norwich & Ely by Godfrey Kneller.jpg|60px]] '''[[John Moore (bishop of Ely)|John Moore]]'''

| [[File:Bp Charles Trimnell.jpg|60px]] '''[[Charles Trimnell]]'''

| [[File:Bp Thomas Green.jpg|60px]] '''[[Thomas Green (bishop)|Thomas Green]]'''

| [[File:No image.svg|60px]] '''[[John Leng (bishop)|John Leng]]'''

| [[File:Bp William Baker.jpg|60px]] '''[[William Baker (bishop of Norwich)|William Baker]]'''

| [[File:No image.svg|60px]] '''[[Robert Butts (bishop)|Robert Butts]]'''

| [[File:ThomasGooch.jpg|60px]] '''[[Thomas Gooch]]'''

| [[File:Bp Samuel Lisle.jpg|60px]] '''[[Samuel Lisle]]'''

| [[File:No image.svg|60px]] '''[[Thomas Hayter]]'''

| [[File:Philip Yonge Bp of Norwich.jpg|60px]] '''[[Philip Yonge]]'''

| [[File:Bp Lewis Bagot by John Hoppner.jpg|60px]] '''[[Lewis Bagot]]'''

| [[File:Dr George Horne by Thomas Olive.jpg|60px]] '''[[George Horne (bishop)|George Horne]]'''

| Nominated on 7 May 1790 and consecrated on 6 June 1790. Died in office on 17 JuneJanuary 1792.

| [[File:Charles Manners-Sutton (1755–1828), Archbishop of Canterbury.jpeg|60px]] '''[[Charles Manners-Sutton]]'''

| [[File:Bp Henry Bathurst.jpg|60px]] '''[[Henry Bathurst (bishop)|Henry Bathurst]]'''

| [[File:Bp Edward Stanley by Friedrich Bischoff.jpg|60px]] '''[[Edward Stanley (bishop)|Edward Stanley]]'''

| [[File:Bp Samuel Hinds.jpg|60px]] '''[[Samuel Hinds (bishop)|Samuel Hinds]]'''

| [[File:John Thomas Pelham by SA Walker.jpg|60px]] '''[[John Pelham (bishop)|John Pelham]]'''

| [[File:Bp John Sheepshanks.jpg|60px]] '''[[John Sheepshanks (bishop)|John Sheepshanks]]'''

| [[File:Bp Bertram Pollock.jpg|60px]] '''[[Bertram Pollock]]'''

| [[File:NoNorwich imageCathedral, bust - geograph.org.uk - 5074926.svgjpg|60px]] '''[[Percy Herbert (bishop)|Percy Herbert]]'''

| [[File:No image.svg|60px]] '''[[Launcelot Fleming]]'''

| [[File:No image.svg|60px]] '''[[Maurice Wood]]'''

| [[File:No image.svg|60px]] '''[[Peter Nott]]'''

| [[File:Official portrait of The Lord Bishop of Norwich crop 2.jpg|60px]] '''[[Graham James (bishop)|Graham James]]'''

| [[File:NoBishop imageAlan Winton (15063056329) (cropped).svgjpg|60px]] ''[[Alan Winton]], [[Bishop of Thetford]]''

| [[File:NoBishopsCivics image(52359684911) (Graham Usher cropped).svgjpg|60px]] '''[[Graham Usher (bishop)|Graham Usher]]'''

*1953–19551931{{snd}}1951 (d.): [[WilfridEdwin BelcherRobins]], RectorVicar of [[DissWicklewood]] (until 1947) and former [[Bishopbishop of North QueenslandAthabasca]]<ref>{{Who's Who |id=U53611U242388 |surnametitle=BelcherRobins, |othernames=WilfridEdwin BernardFrederick }}</ref>

When [[port wine]] is passed around at British meals, one tradition dictates that a diner passes the decanter to the left immediately after pouring a glass for his or her neighbour on the right; the decanter should not stop its clockwise progress around the table until it is finished. If someone is seen to have failed to follow tradition, the breach is brought to their attention by asking "Do you know the Bishop of Norwich?"; those aware of the tradition treat the question as a reminder, while those who don'tdo not are told "He's a terribly good chap, but he always forgets to pass the port."<ref name="portwine">{{cite web| title= Pass the port: Why do you pass to the left | url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/6231365/Pass-the-port-Why-do-you-pass-to-the-left.html | date= 26 September 2009 | first=Harry|last= Wallop | work= The Telegraph | accessdateaccess-date=11 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Rees |first= Nigel |title= Bloomsbury Dictionary of Popular Phrases |accessdate= |edition= |origyear= |year= 1990 |publisher= Bloomsbury Publishing Ltd |location= London |isbn= 0-7475-0344-3 |oclc= |page= 61 |pages= }}</ref>

* {{cite book |editor1-last=Fryde |editor1-first=E. B. |editor2-last=Greenway |editor2-first=D. E. |editor3-last=Porter |editor3-first=S. |editor4-last=Roy |editor4-first=I. |title=Handbook of British Chronology |edition=3rd, reprinted 2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=1986 |isbn=0-521-56350-X |ref=harv}}

* {{Cite book |last1=Greenway |first1=D. E. |year=1971 |chapterurlchapter-url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=33866 |chapter=Bishops of Norwich |title=Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300 |volume=Volume 2: Monastic Cathedrals (Northern and Southern Provinces) |publisher=[[Institute of Historical Research]] |ref=harv}}

* {{Cite book |last1=Jones |first1=B. |year=1962 |chapterurlchapter-url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=32716 |chapter=Bishops of Norwich |title=Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541 |volume=Volume 4: Monastic Cathedrals (Southern Province) |publisher=[[Institute of Historical Research]] |ref=harv}}

* {{Cite book |last1=Horn |first1=J. M. |year=1996 |chapterurlchapter-url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=35247 |chapter=Bishops of Norwich |title=Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857 |volume=Volume 7: Ely, Norwich, Westminster and Worcester Dioceses |publisher=[[Institute of Historical Research]] |ref=harv}}