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{{Short description|Municipality in Botoșani County, Romania}}
{{Infobox Romanian subdivision
|type = municipality
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|established_date= 1439 (first mention)
|leader_name = Cosmin-Ionuț Andrei<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fanatik.ro/rezultate-finale-alegeri-locale-2020-psd-a-castigat-primaria-botosani-la-16-voturi-diferenta-19321714
|date= 5 October 2020 |access-date=8 November 2020 |publisher=[[Fanatik.ro]] |language= ro|title= Rezultate finale Alegeri locale 2020. PSD a câștigat primăria Botoșani, la 16 voturi diferență }}</ref>
|leader_party = [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|PSD]]
|term = 2020&ndash;2024
|elevation_m = 170
|area_total_km2 = 41.36
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}}
 
'''Botoșani''' ({{IPA-|ro|botoˈʃanʲ|-|Ro-Botoșani.ogg}}, {{lang-hu|Botosány}}, {{lang-pl|Botoszany<ref>http://ksng.gugik.gov.pl/pliki/wykaz_polskich_nazw_geograficznych_2019.pdf</ref>}}, {{lang-de|Botoschan}}, {{lang-tr|Botoşan}}) is the capital city of [[Botoșani County]], in the northern part of [[Western Moldavia|Moldavia]], [[Romania]]. Today, it is best known as the birthplace of many celebrated Romanians, including [[Mihai Eminescu]], [[Nicolae Iorga]] and [[Grigore Antipa]].
 
==Origin of the name==
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At the junction of several commercial roads including the "Moldavian Road", which linked [[Iași]] to [[Hotin]], the city was initially a [[market town]]. By 1579 it already had "''the biggest and the oldest [[fair]] of Moldavia''".<ref name="Rădvan470"/>
 
A large [[History of the Jews in Romania|Jewish]] community was established in the city during the 17th century, which was the second biggest and most important in Moldavia until the end of the 19th century.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Jewish Community of Botosani |url=https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/botosani |website=Beit Hatfutsot Open Databases Project |publisher=The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot |access-date=2018-08-08 |archive-date=2018-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808171559/https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/botosani |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
During [[World War II]], Botoșani was captured on 7 April 1944 by [[Red Army|Soviet]] troops of the [[2nd Ukrainian Front]] in the course of the [[Uman–Botoșani Offensive]].
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{{Historical populations
|source = Census data
|1859 |27147
|1900 |32193
|1912 |32574
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Historically Jewish people constituted a large part of the population, reaching 15,502 (53%) at its peak in 1942.<ref name=Lavi>{{cite web|last1=Lavi|first1=Theodore|website=JewishGen, Inc|publisher=Encyclopedia of Jewish Communities in Romania, Volume 1 (Romania)}}</ref><ref name=>{{cite book |last= Corbea-Hoisie |first= Andrei |title= Botoşani |work=[[The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe]] |publisher=[[YIVO Institute for Jewish Research]] |edition= online |url= https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Botosani |access-date=20 September 2020}}</ref>
 
As of [[Demographic2011 historyRomanian of Romaniacensus|2011 census]] data, Botoșani has a population of 106,847,<ref name="INSSER">{{cite web|url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_TAB_3.xlsx |title=Population at 20 October 2011 |date=5 July 2013 |access-date=5 July 2013 |publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|INSSE]] |language=ro }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> a decrease from the figure recorded at the 2002 census, making it the 19th [[List of cities and towns in Romania|largest city]] in Romania. The estimated population as of July 2018 was 120,535.<ref name="INSSE 2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-esential-23123474-harta-interactiva-cati-mai-suntem-romania-populatia-fiecare-judet-fiecare-municipiu-din-tara.htm| title= HARTĂ INTERACTIVĂ - Câți mai suntem în România? Populația în fiecare județ și în fiecare municipiu din țară|date=6 May 2019|access-date = 6 May 2019|publisher = [[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|INSSE]]|language=ro}}</ref> The ethnic makeup was as follows:
* [[Romanians]]: 98.1%
* [[Romani people|Roma]]: 1%
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* '''"Ștefan Luchian" Art Galleries''', the fine-arts section of the County Museum, pays tribute to Botoșani's rich artistic heritage, including the paintings of [[Ștefan Luchian]], [[Octav Băncilă]], and many other contemporary artists; the works of many renowned illustrators, foremost among them [[Ligia Macovei]], the most celebrated illustrator of the poems of Eminescu; the sculptures of [[Iulia Onila]] and [[Dan Covătaru]]; and the tapestries of [[Cela Neamţu]], [[Aspazia Burduja]], and [[Ileana Balotă]];
* '''"Mihai Eminescu" National Theatre'''; the building was opened in 1914, partially destroyed by the bombings of 1944, and restored in 1958 and again in the 1990s. The theatre hosts a team of actors whose remarkable evolution was crowned by their winning of the Grand Prize at the International Theatre Festival in 2001 at [[Piatra Neamț]]. The Grand Hall of the theatre also hosts numerous other cultural activities, of which the most notable are the concerts of the Botoșani State Philharmonic.
[[File:Mănăstirea Popăuţi4.jpg|thumb|right|220px|15th -century Saint Nicholas (Popăuți) church]]
[[File:Mănăstirea Popăuţi5.jpg|thumb|right|220px|The bell tower of Monastery Popăuți, built in the 15th century by [[Stephen the Great]]]]
* '''"Vasilache" Puppet Theatre'''; home to a troupe of puppeteers appreciated not only in Romania but also abroad, as evidenced by their win at the International Puppet Festival in Silistra, June 2001. Every two years the theatre organizes the '''International Gala of Puppet Theatre''', which brings to Botoșani the most prestigious names in puppet theatre, from Romania and abroad;
* '''BotoşaniBotoșani National Philharmonica''', who generally perform in a 19th-century neoclassical building known as '''Vila Ventura''', are renowned all over the county, its artists often finding themselves invited on a permanent basis to participate in concerts throughout Romania and abroad. The Philharmonic is the principal organizer of the series of tributes to [[George Enescu]], tributes which benefit each year from the presence of the great personalities of Romanian art and culture;
* '''"Rapsozii Botoșanilor" Ensemble''', a long-standing folkloric orchestra with a history stretching back for decades, presents a multitude of folkloric songs from Moldavia and the rest of Romania under the direction of its renowned leader, Maestro [[Ioan Cobâlă]]. The ensemble has long been associated with the greatest names in Moldavian folklore, such as [[Sofia Vicoveanca]], [[Laura Lavric]], and [[Daniela Condurache]], and continues to nurture the next generation of folkloric talent. The artists of the ensemble are recognized nationally and internationally by virtue of their television appearances and their winning of numerous prizes;
* '''"Mihai Eminescu" County Library''', housed in a building known as the "Casa Moscovici," a late-19th-century structure that combines French and German architectural elements in a unique synthesis. The library contains a collection of around 380,000 volumes;
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* ''[[Botosánka]]'' is a dance of the [[Csángó]]s.
* [[National Jewish Theater (Romania)]]
 
== Education ==
[[Alexandru Ioan Cuza University]] is the only higher education institution with a branch present in Botosani.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-28 |title=UAIC înființează Extensiune la Botoșani |url=http://www.uaic.ro/uaic-infiinteaza-o-extensiune-la-botosani/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” din Iași |language=ro-RO}}</ref>
 
Notable high schools:
 
* [[A. T. Laurian National College]]
* [[Mihai Eminescu National College (Botosani)|Mihai Eminescu National College]]
* [[Gheorghe Asachi Technical College]]
 
==Climate==
{{Infobox Weather|location = Botoșani (normals 1991-2020, extremes 1981-2020)
|metric first= Yes
|single line = Yes
 
|Jan record high F=62 |Feb record high F=71|Mar record high F=77|Apr record high F=81|May record high F=87|Jun record high F=93|Jul record high F=98|Aug record high F=100|Sep record high F=94|Oct record high F=83|Nov record high F=65|Dec record high F=65
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan record low F=-17|Feb record low F=-17|Mar record low F=1|Apr record low F=25|May record low F=30|Jun record low F=39|Jul record low F=39|Aug record low F=43|Sep record low F=27|Oct record low F=18|Nov record low F=-7|Dec record low F=-6
| precipitation colour = green
|Jan high F= 33|Feb high F= 35|Mar high F= 45|Apr high F= 57|May high F= 68|Jun high F= 73|Jul high F= 76|Aug high F= 76|Sep high F= 70|Oct high F= 58|Nov high F= 44|Dec high F=37|year high F= 56
| Jan record high C =22.2
|Jan low F = 22|Feb low F= 23|Mar low F= 32|Apr low F= 41|May low F= 50|Jun low F= 56|Jul low F= 59|Aug low F= 57|Sep low F= 51|Oct low F= 41|Nov low F= 32|Dec low F= 26|year low F = 41
| Feb record high C =25.5
|Jan rain days=4 |Feb rain days=4|Mar rain days=7|Apr rain days=14|May rain days=14|Jun rain days=14|Jul rain days=13|Aug rain days=10|Sep rain days=10|Oct rain days=9|Nov rain days=9|Dec rain days=7|year rain days=115
| Mar record high C =27.8
|Jan snow days=12 |Feb snow days=10|Mar snow days=7|Apr snow days=2|May snow days=0|Jun snow days=0|Jul snow days=0|Aug snow days=0|Sep snow days=0|Oct snow days=1|Nov snow days=5|Dec snow days=9|year snow days=46
| Apr record high C =34.8
|Jan precipitation days=14|Feb precipitation days=13|Mar precipitation days=13|Apr precipitation days=15|May precipitation days=14|Jun precipitation days=14|Jul precipitation days=13|Aug precipitation days=10|Sep precipitation days=10|Oct precipitation days=9|Nov precipitation days=13|Dec precipitation days=15|year precipitation days=153
| May record high C =35.6
|source= Weatherbase<ref>{{Weatherbase
| Jun record high C =37.5
| id = 2051
| Jul record high C =38.6
| place = Botosani, Romania
| Aug record high C =40.9
| type = all
| Sep record high C =38.0
| accessdate = 16 October 2011}}</ref>
| Oct record high C =31.2
| Nov record high C =25.6
| Dec record high C =18.4
| year record high C =
| Jan high C =1.7
| Feb high C =3.9
| Mar high C =9.6
| Apr high C =16.7
| May high C =22.6
| Jun high C =26.0
| Jul high C =28.0
| Aug high C =27.7
| Sep high C =22.1
| Oct high C =15.6
| Nov high C =8.4
| Dec high C =2.9
| year high C =
| Jan mean C =-2.0
| Feb mean C =-0.3
| Mar mean C =4.2
| Apr mean C =10.6
| May mean C =16.1
| Jun mean C =19.9
| Jul mean C =21.6
| Aug mean C =20.8
| Sep mean C =15.5
| Oct mean C =9.7
| Nov mean C =4.3
| Dec mean C =-0.6
| year mean C =
| Jan low C =-5.2
| Feb low C =-3.7
| Mar low C =0.0
| Apr low C =5.2
| May low C =10.1
| Jun low C =14.0
| Jul low C =15.6
| Aug low C =14.8
| Sep low C =10.3
| Oct low C =5.5
| Nov low C =1.1
| Dec low C =-3.7
| year low C =
| Jan record low C =-28.5
| Feb record low C =-20.3
| Mar record low C =-7.6
| Apr record low C =-2.1
| May record low C =5.1
| Jun record low C =7.6
| Jul record low C =5.6
| Aug record low C =0.1
| Sep record low C =-8.0
| Oct record low C =-22.0
| Nov record low C =-27.7
| Dec record low C =-29.2
| year record low C =
 
| Jan precipitation mm =20.5
| Feb precipitation mm =24.0
| Mar precipitation mm =32.0
| Apr precipitation mm =50.9
| May precipitation mm =63.1
| Jun precipitation mm =86.2
| Jul precipitation mm =92.6
| Aug precipitation mm =55.5
| Sep precipitation mm =51.8
| Oct precipitation mm =47.2
| Nov precipitation mm =30.7
| Dec precipitation mm =26.7
| year precipitation mm =
| Jan precipitation days =5.5
| Feb precipitation days =4.9
| Mar precipitation days =6.2
| Apr precipitation days =7.1
| May precipitation days =9.4
| Jun precipitation days =9.3
| Jul precipitation days =8.7
| Aug precipitation days =6.4
| Sep precipitation days =6.2
| Oct precipitation days =6.1
| Nov precipitation days =5.2
| Dec precipitation days =5.6
| year precipitation days =
 
| Jan sun =74.3
| Feb sun =97.6
| Mar sun =150.8
| Apr sun =201
| May sun =260.4
| Jun sun =270.3
| Jul sun =293.5
| Aug sun =277.7
| Sep sun =201.1
| Oct sun =150.9
| Nov sun =84
| Dec sun =65.7
| year sun =
 
 
|source= [[NCEI|NOAA NCEI]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Romania/CSV/Botosani_15020.csv |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Botosani |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=[[NOAA]] |format=CSV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Romania/15020.csv |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981-2010: Botosani(WMO number 15020) |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=[[NOAA]] |format=CSV}}</ref>
}}
 
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Botoșani is served by [[Suceava Airport|Suceava "Ștefan cel Mare" Airport]] (SCV), located {{convert|30.5|km|abbr=on}} west of the city centre.
 
Private entities operate 5 [[marshrutka|minivans]] lines.
Public transportation was provided by a tram network with two tram lines, 101 and 102, until 2020, when the trams were ditched in favor of a bus network. There was no bus network in the city until 2020, being one of the last cities to move to bus network in Romania. There are also 5 lines of bus vans. The local council will update the tram system.
 
The main public transportation service is a tram network with two lines, 101 and 102. Historically, Botoşani has used trams from the former [[Eastern Bloc]], but began in 2019 to replace them with a modernized system.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Günther|first1=A.|last2=Tarkhov|first2=S.|last3=Blank|first3=C.|year=2004|title=Straßenbahnatlas Rumänien 2004|lang=de|trans-title=Atlas of Romanian Trams 2004|page=24|location=Berlin|publisher=Arbeitsgemeinschaft Blickpunkt Straßenbahn e.V.|isbn=3-926524-23-5}}</ref> In the interim, the trams have been [[bustitution|replaced with buses]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.monitorulbt.ro/local/2020/07/17/catalin-flutur-am-trecut-borna-de-80-de-milioane-de-euro-in-proiecte-video/|last=Constantiniu|first=Virginia|date=17 July 2020|title=Cătălin Flutur – "Am trecut borna de 80 de milioane de euro în proiecte" (video)|lang=ro|newspaper=de Botoşani Monitorul}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://mobilitate.eu/tramvaiele-botosani-autobuze/|title=Tramvaiele din Botoșani vor fi înlocuite cu autobuze pana la modernizarea rețelei|date=26 Feb 2020|website=Mobilitate.eu|lang=ro}}</ref>
 
==Sport==
[[FC Botoșani]] is the football team that represents Botoșani.
 
==Twin towns – sister cities==
==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania}}
Botoșani is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Despre Botoșani: Orașe înfrățite|date=31 December 2021 |url=https://primariabt.ro/botosani-info/despre-botosani/|publisher=Botoșani|language=ro|access-date=2023-06-02}}</ref>
 
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Karaman]], Turkey
===Twin towns — Sister cities===
*{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Laval, Quebec|Laval]], Canada
Botoșani is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]], [[Belarus]]
*{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Laval, Quebec|Laval]], [[Canada]]
*{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Uman]], [[Ukraine]]
 
==Notable residents==
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* [[Mihai Eminescu]] (1850–1889, born Mihail Eminovici), influential Romanian poet, novelist and journalist
* [[Reuven Feuerstein]] (1921–2014), Israeli clinical, developmental, and cognitive psychologist
* [[Israel Freedman]] (1878–1934) Jewish Romanian-American Yiddish journalist
* [[Constantin Gane]] (1885–1962), Romanian novelist, amateur historian and memoirist
* [[Alexandru Graur]] (1900–1988) Romanian linguist
* [[Nicolae Iorga]] (1871–1940), Romanian historian, politician, literary critic, memoirist, poet and playwright
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* [[Dan Lungu]] (born 1969), Romanian novelist, short story writer, poet and dramatist
* [[Dan Lupu]] (born 1983), Romanian actor
* [[Mime Misu]] (1888-19531888–1953, born Mișu Rosescu), Romanian ballet dancer, pantomime artist, film actor and director
* [[Octav Onicescu]] (1892–1983), Romanian mathematician and founder of the Romanian school of probability theory and statistics
* [[Elie Radu]] (1853–1931), Romanian civil engineer and academic
* [[Didia Saint Georges]] (1888-1979), Romanian composer
* [[Henric Sanielevici]] (1875–1951), Romanian journalist and literary critic
* [[Ion Sân-Giorgiu]] (1893–1950), Romanian modernist poet, dramatist and essayist, and far-right politician
* [[Artur Stavri]] (1869-19281869–1928), Romanian poet
* [[Adolf Josef Storfer]] (1888–1944), Austrian lawyer turned journalist and publisher
 
== See also ==
 
* [[Botoșani Ghetto]]
 
==References==
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[[Category:Capitals of Romanian counties]]
[[Category:Localities in Western Moldavia]]
[[Category:Ținutul Prut]]
[[Category:Shtetls]]
[[Category:Populated places in Botoșani County]]
[[Category:Jewish communities in Romania]]
[[Category:Market towns in Moldavia]]
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