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{{Short description|Scottish author and scholar}}
[[File:Bronze Bust of Iain Og Ile - geograph.org.uk - 1502318.jpg|thumb|Monument near [[Bridgend, Islay]]''']]▼
{{for|the U.S. Army general also named John Francis Campbell|John F. Campbell (general)}}
[[File:Popular tales of the West Highlands - orally collected (1860) (14597275519).jpg|thumb|Illustration from a ''[[Popular Tales of the West Highlands]]'']]▼
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
[[File:The Orthodox Church and Cemetery in Cannes.jpg|thumb|Grave of John Francis Campbell, far left]]▼
{{EngvarB|date=January 2020}}
[[File:MacInnes-1890-Folk and Hero Tales-frontis-Campbell of Islay.jpg|thumb|John F. Campbell of Islay, famous folktale collector]]
'''John Francis Campbell''' ([[Scottish Gaelic]]:
== Early life ==
John Francis Campbell was born on Islay on 29 December 1821 to Lady Eleanor Charteris (1796–1832), eldest daughter of [[Francis Douglas, 8th Earl of Wemyss|Francis Wemyss Charteris Douglas]], and [[Walter Frederick Campbell]] of Islay (1798–1855), MP for Argyll.<ref name=county-families/><ref name=celtic-magazine/> Campbell was a descendant (great-great-great-grandson) of [[Daniel Campbell (died 1753)|Daniel Campbell]] of Shawfield who had bought Islay from the Campells of Cawdor, for £12,000 in 1726.
Campbell was his father's heir, but creditors forced the island of Islay into administration, and the family left in 1847. After his father's death he was known as Campbell of Islay, even though the island had by then been sold.{{sfnp|Thompson|1990|p=89}}{{sfnp|Bennett|2002|p=12}}
== Education and early career ==
Campbell was educated at [[Eton College|Eton]] and the [[University of Edinburgh]].<ref name=celtic-magazine/>
He was called to the [[Bar (law)|bar]] at the [[Inner Temple]] 1851, and appointed [[private secretary]] to [[George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll]], the [[Lord Privy Seal]]
== Celtic studies ==
Campbell was known as an authority on Celtic folklore<ref name=sbdel/> and the culture of the Gaelic peoples.
▲[[File:Popular tales of the West Highlands - orally collected (1860) (14597275519).jpg|thumb|left|Illustration from
His best-known published work is the bilingual ''[[Popular Tales of the West Highlands]]'' (4 vols., 1860–62).<ref name=celtic-magazine/><ref name=eb1911-campbell/> Its achievement has been compared by [[Richard Dorson]] to that of ''[[Grimms' Fairy Tales]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lecourt |first1=Sebastian |title=Cultivating Belief: Victorian Anthropology, Liberal Aesthetics, and the Secular Imagination |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-881249-4 |page=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrNSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA169 |language=en}}</ref>
Its origins lay in ''Popular Tales from the Norse'' (1859) by his friend [[George Webbe Dasent]]. Reading Dasent's book, Campbell realised that he had heard Gaelic versions of some of the stories when young. He organised extensive [[fieldwork]] to collect Gaelic tales, and edited some of the resulting corpus for publication: a substantial part of the research remained unpublished at the time.<ref name="Newton">{{cite book |last1=Newton |first1=Michael S. |title=Into the Fairy Hill: Classic Folktales of the Scottish Highlands |date=26 September 2022 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-4767-8 |page=22 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbWREAAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 |language=en}}</ref> He dedicated ''Popular Tales of the West Highlands'' to the [[John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll|Marquess of Lorne]], son of George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll. Among the recruits to Campbell's collecting team was [[Alexander Carmichael]].<ref name="Newton"/> Campbell, with others, influenced the Irish folklorist [[Patrick Kennedy (folklorist)|Patrick Kennedy]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Deane |first1=Seamus |last2=Carpenter |first2=Andrew |last3=Bourke |first3=Angela |last4=Williams |first4=Jonathan |title=The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing |date=1991 |publisher=NYU Press |isbn=978-0-8147-9906-2 |page=1433 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V01-76iQ48gC&pg=PA1433 |language=en}}</ref>
Campbell had started preliminary work on ''The Celtic Dragon Myth'' in 1862, and work intensified on it from 1870 till 1884. After Campbell's death in 1885 the noted Gaelic scholar [[George Henderson (scholar)|George Henderson]] contributed some translation work, provided an introduction, and completed the editing of the manuscript for its eventual publication in 1911.▼
Campbell supported [[Francis James Child]]'s interest in collecting traditional [[ballad]]s in a number of ways, from sending ballads collected through fieldwork to providing introductions.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Mary Ellen |title=Child's Unfinished Masterpiece: The English and Scottish Popular Ballads |date=2011 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0-252-03594-4 |page=268 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NwOH_8Z1wisC&pg=PA268 |language=en}}</ref>
He travelled extensively throughout the [[Scottish Highlands]] and Islands with his scribes, scrupulously recording West Highland tales, [[Fenian]] ballads, songs, charms and anecdotes.▼
===''Leabhar na Feinne''===
He was proficient in [[Scottish Gaelic|Gaelic]], [[Danish language|Danish]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Sami languages|Lapp]], Italian, Spanish and German. In 1874 he embarked on a year-long world tour that took him to America, Japan, China, Java, Ceylon and India.▼
In 1872 Campbell self-published ''Leabhar na Feinne'', a collection of heroic ballads culled from manuscripts held by libraries, but to his chagrin this endeavour failed to meet with success.{{sfnp|Thompson|1990|p=90}}
===''The Celtic Dragon Myth''===
▲''The Celtic Dragon Myth'' was published posthumously in 1911.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/cdm/index.htm|title=The Celtic Dragon Myth Index|website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref> Campbell had started preliminary work on ''The Celtic Dragon Myth'' in 1862, and work intensified on it from 1870
As Campbell was acquainted with [[Colin Alexander McVean]], Scottish engineer hired by Japan's Public Works as chief surveyor, he travelled several famous places around [[Tokyo]] together with McVean in the end of 1874 including [[Nikkō, Tochigi|Nikko]]. He walked through central part of Japan for [[Kyoto]], then left Japan from [[Kobe]] in February 1875<ref>1874-1875 McVean Diary, McVean Archives at the National Library of Scotland.</ref>. He bought a lot of Japanese antiques and showed them at London to his friends including [http://www.avictorian.com/Dillon_Frank.html Frank Dillion].▼
===Other
*''A Short American Tramp in the Fall of 1864'' (1865)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=John Francis |title=A Short American Tramp in the Fall of 1864 |date=1865 |publisher=Edmonston and Douglas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=syxCAAAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref>
Campbell invented the meteorological sunshine recorder or [[thermograph]] that bears his name as the [[Campbell–Stokes recorder]].▼
*''Frost and Fire: Natural Engines, Tool-Marks and Chips'' (1865, 2 vols.)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=John Francis |title=Frost and Fire: Natural Engines, Tool-Marks and Chips: With Sketches Taken at Home and Abroad by a Traveller; Volume 1 |date=26 August 2016 |publisher=BiblioBazaar |isbn=978-1-362-14095-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G6FCvgAACAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=John Francis |title=Frost and Fire: Natural Engines, Tool Marks and Chips |date=1865 |publisher=J. B. Lippincott |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y94PAAAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref>
*''My Circular Notes: Extracts From Journals, Letters Sent Home, Geological and Other Notes, Written While Travelling Westwards Round the World, From July 6, 1874 to July 6, 1875'' (1876)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=J. F. |title=My Circular Notes: Extracts From Journals, Letters Sent Home, Geological and Other Notes, Written While Travelling Westwards Round the World, From July 6, 1874 to July 6, 1875 |date=25 April 2016 |publisher=Creative Media Partners, LLC |isbn=978-1-354-48460-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27bJDAEACAAJ |language=en}}</ref>
*''Canntaireachd: Articulate Music'' (1880)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=John Francis |title=Canntaireachd: Articulate Music, Dedicated to the Islay Association, by J.F. Campbell, Iain Ileach 14th August, 1880 |date=1880 |publisher=Archibald Sinclair, 62 Argyle Street |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vo6qmgEACAAJ |language=en}}</ref>
▲*''Thermography'' (1883).<ref name="ODNB"/> Campbell held a lifelong interest in the sciences, especially geology and [[meteorology]]. He invented the meteorological sunshine recorder or [[thermograph]] that bears his name as the [[Campbell–Stokes recorder]].{{sfnp|Thompson|1990|pp=89–90}}<ref name=celtic-magazine/>
He edited for publication his late father's work ''Life in Normandy, Sketches'' (1863).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=Walter Frederick |title=Life in Normandy, Sketches [By W.F. Campbell, Ed. by J.F. Campbell] |date=19 May 2016 |publisher=Creative Media Partners, LLC |isbn=978-1-357-35645-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OqSlDAEACAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cushing |first1=William |title=Anonyms: A Dictionary of Revealed Authorship |date=1889 |publisher=W. Cushing |page=379 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mP56c9q1RusC&pg=PA379 |language=en}}</ref>
== Travel ==
▲
▲He was proficient in [[Scottish Gaelic|Gaelic]], [[Danish language|Danish]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Sami languages|Lapp]], Italian, Spanish and German.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} He travelled extensively, especially in Europe and Scandinavia.{{sfnp|Thompson|1990|pp=89–90}} In 1874 he embarked on a year-long world tour that took him to America, Japan, China, Java, Ceylon and India.<ref name=celtic-magazine/>
▲
== Later life ==
▲[[File:Bronze Bust of Iain Og Ile - geograph.org.uk - 1502318.jpg|thumb|Monument near [[Bridgend, Islay]]
He is buried under a replica of Islay’s treasured [[Kildalton Cross]] in the [[Grand Jas Cemetery]] (le cimetière "du Grand Jas") at [[Cannes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cannestouristinformation.co.uk/trace-your-family-in-cannes.html|title=Family History at Le Grand Jas Cemetery|first=Zach|last=Mendelsohn|website=Cannes Tourist Information}}</ref>▼
▲[[File:The Orthodox Church and Cemetery in Cannes.jpg|thumb|Grave of John Francis Campbell, far left]]
▲He is buried under a replica of
Campbell never married.
{{reflist}}▼
==References==
;Citations
*{{A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature|wstitle=Campbell, John Francis}}▼
<ref name=celtic-magazine>{{citation|author=Anon. |title=Death of John F. Campbell of Islay |journal=The Celtic Magazine |volume=10 |date=1885 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BcARAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA249 |pages=249–250}}</ref>
▲
}}
;Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation|last=Bennett |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Bennett (writer) |title=John Francis Campbell of Islay: Iain Og Ile |journal=Journal of the Clan Campbell Society |number=29 |date=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4U0ZAQAAMAAJ&q=%22iain+og%22 |pages=11–13}}
* {{citation|last=Thompson |first=Francis |author-link=Francis Thompson |title=John Francis Campbell (1821-1885) |journal=Folklore |volume=101 |number=1 |date=1990 |url=<!--n/a--> |pages=88–96 |doi=10.1080/0015587X.1990.9715781 |jstor=1259886}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{refbegin}}
▲*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Campbell, John Francis |short=x}}
*[http://www.islayinfo.com/john_francis_campbell.html A Short Biography of John Francis Campbell] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119055336/http://www.islayinfo.com/john_francis_campbell.html |date=19 January 2013 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140714180133/http://www.scottishrepublicansocialistmovement.org/Pages/SRSMArticlesJohnFrancisCampbellTheFolkHeroofCelticScotland.aspx An Article on John Francis Campbell's Life]
*[http://www.islayinfo.com/islay-driving-tour-port-ellen-bridgend-bowmore.html Monument in Islay erected for John Francis Campbell]
{{refend}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Campbell, John Francis}}
[[Category:
[[Category:1885 deaths]]
[[Category:Collectors of fairy tales]]
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[[Category:Scottish Gaelic language]]
[[Category:Translators from Scottish Gaelic]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish translators]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Scottish lawyers]]
[[Category:Scottish folk-song collectors]]
[[Category:
[[Category:19th-century musicologists]]
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