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{{Short description|Scottish author and scholar}}
{{for|the U.S. Army general also named John Francis Campbell|John F. Campbell (general)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
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== Early life ==
John Francis Campbell was born on Islay on 29 December 1821 to Lady Eleanor Charteris (1796–1832), eldest daughter of [[Francis Douglas, 8th Earl of Wemyss|Francis Wemyss Charteris Douglas]], and [[Walter Frederick Campbell]] of Islay (1798–1855), MP for Argyll.<ref name=county-families/><ref name=celtic-magazine/> Campbell was a descendant (great-great-great-grandson) of [[Daniel Campbell (died 1753)|Daniel Campbell]] of Shawfield who had bought Islay from the Campells of Cawdor, for £12,000 in 1726.{{sfnp|Bennett|2002|p=11}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islayinfo.com/john_francis_campbell.html|title=Campbells of Cawdor and Campbells of Shawfield on Islay|website=islayinfo.com|access-date=5 June 2012|archive-date=19 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119055336/http://www.islayinfo.com/john_francis_campbell.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> His upbringing meant he was a fluent speaker of Gaelic.<ref name="ODNB">{{cite ODNB|id=4526|first=James A.|last=Pratt|title=Campbell, John Francis, of Islay (1821?–1885)}}</ref>
Campbell was his father's heir, but creditors forced the island of Islay into administration, and the family left in 1847. After his father's death he was known as Campbell of Islay, even though the island had by then been sold.{{sfnp|Thompson|1990|p=89}}{{sfnp|Bennett|2002|p=12}}
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Campbell was known as an authority on Celtic folklore<ref name=sbdel/> and the culture of the Gaelic peoples.
===Fieldwork and ''Popular Tales of the West Highlands''===
[[File:Popular tales of the West Highlands - orally collected (1860) (14597275519).jpg|thumb|left|Illustration from ''[[Popular Tales of the West Highlands]]'']]
His best-known published work is the bilingual ''[[Popular Tales of the West Highlands]]'' (4 vols., 1860–62).<ref name=celtic-magazine/><ref name=eb1911-campbell/> Its achievement has been compared by [[Richard Dorson]] to that of ''[[Grimms' Fairy Tales]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lecourt |first1=Sebastian |title=Cultivating Belief: Victorian Anthropology, Liberal Aesthetics, and the Secular Imagination |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-881249-4 |page=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrNSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA169 |language=en}}</ref>
Its origins lay in ''Popular Tales from the Norse'' (1859) by his friend [[George Webbe Dasent]]. Reading Dasent's book, Campbell realised that he had heard Gaelic versions of some of the stories when young. He organised extensive [[fieldwork]] to collect Gaelic tales, and edited some of the resulting corpus for publication: a substantial part of the research remained unpublished at the time.<ref name="Newton">{{cite book |last1=Newton |first1=Michael S. |title=Into the Fairy Hill: Classic Folktales of the Scottish Highlands |date=26 September 2022 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-4767-8 |page=22 |url=https://books.google. Campbell supported [[Francis James Child]]'s interest in collecting traditional [[ballad]]s in a number of ways, from sending ballads collected through fieldwork to providing introductions.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Mary Ellen |title=Child's Unfinished Masterpiece: The English and Scottish Popular Ballads |date=2011 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0-252-03594-4 |page=268 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NwOH_8Z1wisC&pg=PA268 |language=en}}</ref>
===''Leabhar na Feinne''===
In 1872 Campbell self-published ''Leabhar na Feinne'', a collection of heroic ballads culled from manuscripts held by libraries, but to his chagrin this
===''The Celtic Dragon Myth''===
''The Celtic Dragon Myth'' was published posthumously in 1911.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/cdm/index.htm|title=The Celtic Dragon Myth Index|website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref> Campbell had started preliminary work on ''The Celtic Dragon Myth'' in 1862, and work intensified on it from 1870 until 1884. After Campbell's death in 1885 the noted Gaelic scholar [[George Henderson (scholar)|George Henderson]] contributed some translation work, provided an introduction, and completed the editing of the manuscript for its eventual publication in 1911.
===Other works===
*''
*''Frost and Fire: Natural Engines, Tool-Marks and Chips'' (1865, 2 vols.)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=John Francis |title=Frost and Fire: Natural Engines, Tool-Marks and Chips: With Sketches Taken at Home and Abroad by a Traveller; Volume 1 |date=26 August 2016 |publisher=BiblioBazaar |isbn=978-1-362-14095-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G6FCvgAACAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=John Francis |title=Frost and Fire: Natural Engines, Tool Marks and Chips |date=1865 |publisher=J. B. Lippincott |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y94PAAAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref>
*''My Circular Notes: Extracts From Journals, Letters Sent Home, Geological and Other Notes, Written While Travelling Westwards Round the World, From July 6, 1874 to July 6, 1875'' (1876)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=J. F. |title=My Circular Notes: Extracts From Journals, Letters Sent Home, Geological and Other Notes, Written While Travelling Westwards Round the World, From July 6, 1874 to July 6, 1875 |date=25 April 2016 |publisher=Creative Media Partners, LLC |isbn=978-1-354-48460-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27bJDAEACAAJ |language=en}}</ref>
*''Canntaireachd: Articulate Music'' (1880)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=John Francis |title=Canntaireachd: Articulate Music, Dedicated to the Islay Association, by J.F. Campbell, Iain Ileach 14th August, 1880 |date=1880 |publisher=Archibald Sinclair, 62 Argyle Street |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vo6qmgEACAAJ |language=en}}</ref>
*''Thermography'' (1883).<ref name="ODNB"/> Campbell held a lifelong interest in the sciences, especially geology and [[meteorology]]. He invented the meteorological sunshine recorder or [[thermograph]] that bears his name as the [[Campbell–Stokes recorder]].{{sfnp|Thompson|1990|pp=89–90}}<ref name=celtic-magazine/>▼
He edited for publication his late father's work ''Life in Normandy, Sketches'' (1863).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=Walter Frederick |title=Life in Normandy, Sketches [By W.F. Campbell, Ed. by J.F. Campbell] |date=19 May 2016 |publisher=Creative Media Partners, LLC |isbn=978-1-357-35645-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OqSlDAEACAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cushing |first1=William |title=Anonyms: A Dictionary of Revealed Authorship |date=1889 |publisher=W. Cushing |page=379 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mP56c9q1RusC&pg=PA379 |language=en}}</ref>
▲Campbell held a lifelong interest in the sciences, especially geology and [[meteorology]]. He invented the meteorological sunshine recorder or [[thermograph]] that bears his name as the [[Campbell–Stokes recorder]].{{sfnp|Thompson|1990|pp=89–90}}<ref name=celtic-magazine/>
== Travel ==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Campbell, John Francis}}
[[Category:
[[Category:1885 deaths]]
[[Category:Collectors of fairy tales]]
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[[Category:Scottish Gaelic language]]
[[Category:Translators from Scottish Gaelic]]
[[Category:19th-century
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
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