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{{Short description|British Labour politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=
{{Use British English|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[Dame]]
| name = Pauline Green
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}
| image = Pauline Green 20050423 (cropped).jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| caption
| order =
| office = President of the [[International Co-operative Alliance]]
| term_start = November 2009
| term_end = June 2015
| predecessor = Ivano Barberini
| successor = [[Monique F. Leroux]]
| office2 = Chief Executive of [[Co-operatives UK]]
| term_start2 = 1 January 2000
| term_end2 = 9 October 2009
| predecessor2 = Lloyd Wilkinson<Br />(The Co-operative Union)
| successor2 = [[Ed Mayo]]<br />(Secretary General)
| office3 = President of [[International Co-operative Alliance|ICA]] Europe
| term_start3 = 2002
| term_end3 = November 2009
| predecessor3 = Lars Hillbom
| office4 = President, Co-operative Congress<ref>{{Citation|title=Congress Presidents 1869 to 2002 |date=February 2002 |url=http://archive.co-op.ac.uk/downloadFiles/congressPresidentstable.pdf |
| term_start4 = 1997
| term_end4 = 1997
| constituency4 =
| majority4 =
| predecessor4 = GW Money, MBE
| successor4 = Alan Middleton
| office5 = Leader of the Parliamentary Group of the [[Party of European Socialists]]
| term_start5 = 1994
| term_end5 = 1999
| constituency5 =
| majority5 =
| predecessor5 = [[Jean-Pierre Cot]]
| successor5 = [[Enrique Barón|Enrique Barón Crespo]]
| office6 = Leader of the [[European Parliamentary Labour Party]]
| term_start6 = June 1993
| term_end6 = 1994
| constituency6 =
| majority6 =
| predecessor6 = [[Glyn Ford]]
| successor6 = [[Wayne David]]
| office7 = [[Member of the European Parliament]]<br /> for [[London (European Parliament constituency)|London]]<br /><small>[[London North (European Parliament constituency)|London North]] (1989–1999)</small>
| term_start7 = 15 June 1989
| term_end7 = 15 December 1999
| predecessor7 = [[John Marshall (Conservative politician)|John Leslie Marshall]]
| successor7 = [[Mary Honeyball]]
| birth_name = Pauline Wiltshire
|
|
▲| death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
|
▲| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship =
| nationality = British
| party = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] and [[Co-operative Party|Co-operative]]
| otherparty
| spouse = Paul Green
| partner
| relations =
| children =
| parents =
| residence =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Open University]], [[London School of Economics]]
| occupation =
| profession =
| known_for =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| religion =
| awards
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
}}
'''Dame Pauline Green''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} (born 8 December 1948)<ref name ="whowho">{{Citation | last =Sleeman| first =Elizabeth | title =The International Who's Who of Women 2002 | publisher= Routledge| year = 2001 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=6J8xDWDqOkEC&pg=RA2-PA118 | pages=216 |isbn=1-85743-122-7}}</ref> is a former [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] and [[Co-operative Party|Co-operative]] [[Member of the European Parliament]] and former Leader of the Parliamentary Group of the [[Party of European Socialists|Party of European Socialists (PES)]].<ref>{{Citation | title=CMBS Board of Directors | date = 21 November 2006 | url =http://www.cooperatives-uk.coop/live/cme1025.htm |
Following her re-election as an MEP in 1999, Green announced that she was retiring from politics to take up a position as the first female Chief Executive of [[Co-operatives UK]],<ref name ="inBrief">{{Citation |title =in Brief: Green to Quit Strasbourg| journal = Guardian Unlimited | date = 27 November 1999 |
In the [[2003 New Year Honours]] Green was appointed as a [[Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire]] (DBE)<ref>{{Cite news |date=30-31 December 2002 |title=New Year's Honours List —United Kingdom: Order of the British Empire: (Civil Division): D.B.E. |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/56797/supplement/7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124112607/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/56797/supplement/7 |archive-date=2022-11-24 |access-date=2024-04-23 |work=The London Gazette |page=S7 |issue=56797 Supplement No. 1 |isbn=978-0-11-666797-7 |issn=0374-3721}}</ref> while also holding the office of the President of [[International Co-operative Alliance|ICA]] Europe<ref name="CERA">{{Citation| last =Green| first =Pauline| title =Co-operatives Europe Regional Assembly, Saturday 11 November 2006 Statutory Meeting| date =11 November 2006| url =http://www.coopseurope.coop/IMG/pdf/PG_-_Speech_to_Statutory_Meeting_11.11.06.pdf| access-date =2 October 2007}} {{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Pauline Green |url=http://www2.uwic.ac.uk/UWIC/schools/business/Conferences/WIRC/keynotes/PaulineGreen.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011131645/http://www2.uwic.ac.uk/UWIC/schools/business/Conferences/WIRC/keynotes/PaulineGreen.htm |archive-date=2006-10-11 |work=University of Wales Institute, Cardiff |department=UWIC > Academic Schools > Cardiff School of Management > Conferences > WIRC Conference > keynotes Speakers}}</ref> until her election as President of the International Co-operative Alliance (ICA) in November 2009.{{Unclear inline|date=April 2024|reason=What is the difference between her positions in 2003 and 2009?}}
▲Following her re-election as an MEP in 1999, Green announced that she was retiring politics to take up a position as the first female Chief Executive of [[Co-operatives UK]],<ref name ="inBrief">{{Citation |title =in Brief: Green to Quit Strasbourg| journal = Guardian Unlimited | date = 27 November 1999 | accessdate=3 October 2007| url =https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,253157,00.html}}</ref> a position that she held until 2009.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Staff Team |date=27 September 2007 |url=http://www.cooperatives-uk.coop/About/staff |accessdate=7 November 2007 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026092940/http://www.cooperatives-uk.coop/About/staff |archivedate=26 October 2007 }}</ref> Her work with the organisation included sitting on and responding to the recommendations of the [[Co-operative Commission]],<ref name ="Annual2000">{{Citation |title =co-operative union ltd annual report & financial statements year ended 31 December 2000| date =31 December 2000}}</ref> facilitating the organisation's merger with the [[Industrial Common Ownership Movement|Industrial Common Ownership Movement (ICOM)]] and working to "secure and celebrate" the Co-operative Advantage.<ref>{{Citation |last=Green | first=Pauline | contribution= Chief Executive & General Secretary's review of the year | title =co-operative union ltd annual report & financial statements year ended 31 December 2000| pages=8–9 | date =31 December 2000}}</ref>
==Early life==
Green was born '''Pauline Wiltshire''' in [[Gżira]]<ref name= "whowho" /> on the island of Malta to an [[English people|English]] soldier serving with the Royal Artillery and his Maltese sweetheart in 1948. The family moved between Malta, Egypt and Germany, following Green's father wherever he was stationed.<ref name
Following her father's return to civilian life, the family moved to [[Kilburn, London|Kilburn]] in [[London]] when Green was aged fourteen,<ref name ="Indy">{{Citation | last =Castle | first =Stephen | title =Former police officer takes centre stage | journal = The Independent| date = 12 January 1999 | url =https://www.independent.co.uk/news/former-police-officer-takes-centre-stage-1046511.html}}</ref> and – acquiescing to her father's wishes that she did something "safe and steady" – Green studied for an [[BTEC ND|Ordinary National Diploma]] in business studies. She started her career as a secretary with a wallpaper manufacturers, before joining the [[Metropolitan Police]] on her 21st birthday.<ref name= "perils" /> She later said that it was working on the beat and witnessing first hand the cycle of those caught in poverty turning to crime that turned her into a socialist.<ref name= "other" />
In 1971, she was working in the West Hampstead division when she met and married PC Paul Green,<ref name= "whowho" /> resigning from the force in 1974 five months before the birth of her first child.<ref name= "perils" /> Paul Green went on to become Chief Superintendent Green, borough commander for Brent, and was awarded the [[Queen's Police Medal]] in the 1999 [[Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom|New Year's Honours]]<ref>{{Citation | title = Special Report: 1999: 12: 99: New Years Honours | date = 31 December 1999| url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/12/99/new_years_honours/584217.stm |
Whilst staying at home to look after her two children (a son and a daughter), Green studied for a degree from the [[Open University]]. She then spent two full-time years studying at the [[London School of Economics|LSE]] for an [[Master's Degree|MSc (Econ)]] in Comparative Government. She spent two years between 1982 and 1984 as a lecturer at Barnet College of Further Education, before becoming an assistant teacher at a Special Educational Unit.<ref name= "whowho" /> During this period Green was increasing active in local politics,<ref name= "perils" /> becoming secretary and then chair of the [[Chipping Barnet]] Labour Party, before standing in (and losing) the elections for a seat on the area's council in 1986.<ref>{{Citation | title =Former UK Women Members of the European Parliament| year = 2000 | url =http://www.qub.ac.uk/cawp/UK%20bios/UK_bios_MEP.htm#green |
==Political career==
===Early career===
Due to the changing political landscape, Green found that her job increasingly saw her lobbying to [[European Union|Brussels]], with her particular interest being a directive backed by the [[
Green was elected Leader of the [[European Parliamentary Labour Party|European Parliamentary Labour Party (EPLP)]] in 1993, beating incumbent leader [[Glyn Ford]]. She only served for one year, however, after having been chosen and championed by then Labour leader [[John Smith (
At the 1994 Party Leaders' Conference in Corfu, a "package deal" was agreed to fill the upcoming political posts, and it was agreed that Green would take the leadership post with strong backing from the Labour contingent. Green was strongly involved in the fight against [[Apartheid|Apartheid in South Africa]].<ref>[http://www.thenews.coop/40333/news/business/nelson-mandela-and-co-operative-movements-fight-freedom Nelson Mandela and Co-operative Movements fight apartheid], thenews.coop; accessed 7 April 2016.</ref>
Ian White, an MEP elected at the same time as Green, said: "Although the parliamentary group formally elected Pauline, the "deal" was put together by the national party leaders. I believe that, had it been an open election, she would have won in any case, hands down, on competence alone."<ref>{{Citation |
She held the position for five years (1994–99), and was involved at senior levels of policy making in the [[European Union]] and member governments. In 1998 there were rumours that she would stand to be Labour's candidate for [[Mayor of London]]. Whilst she expressed an interest in the position, she maintained that she would not be able to commit to the position until after the 1999 leadership elections because of her European commitments.<ref>{{Citation | title = To Be Mayor Or Not To Be, That Is The Question | journal = Hillingdon Times | date = 10 October 1998 |
===Controversies===
Green was seen as a strong advocate of EU parliamentary and institutional reform: she was vocal in her criticisms of any hint of impropriety, for example calling ex-commissioner [[Martin Bangemann|Martin Bangemann's]] appointment to [[Spain|Spanish]] telecommunications giant [[Telefonica]] "sleaze soaked" for the impression it gave that he had used his position in the EC for his own advantage – even though he had broken no rules.<ref>{{Citation | last=Walker |first=Martin |title =Anger as EU commissioner takes top telecom job| date = 1 July 1999|
One of the Parliament's duties was to discharge the budget, confirming that the year's spending had been in line with the plans originally set by the EC and that the money had been spent honestly and efficiently. However, the parliamentary budget committee decided that it could not fulfill this duty with regard to the 1996 budget until points concerning the reduction of fraud in the transport system had been clarified. For six months, the debate raged, with Green initially supporting the campaign to discharge the budget (whilst calling for more radical change), but only after a group of specialists that included two senior Socialist MEPs announced that there had been a slight improvement. Parties from the centre and the right began to claim that the PES were only supporting their own members, and ultimately the move to discharge the budget was defeated.
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:PaulineGreenatEP.jpg|thumb|left|Green speaking in the European Parliament]] -->
It was then that Green asserted that the argument would normally be solved in a national democracy by a [[Motion of
Because of their belief that the EC should be allowed to continue its reform work, Green and the PES Parliamentary Group announced that they would be voting against their own motion of censure<ref>[https://
As the argument continued, the parliament also refused to discharge the 1997 budget – and at the same time, allegations of corruption were made against the French commissioner [[Édith Cresson]]. Commission official [[Paul van Buitenen]] accused Cresson of having employed her friend and dentist for eight months as a special advisor on the Environment, at a cost of £30,000. The position was described by sub-contractors in sworn statements as a job "for which he is not required to do any work".<ref>{{Citation | last=Walker |first=Martin |title =MEPs brandish new budget stick at commission | date = 25 February 1999|
The eventual report found that the allegations were correct, and Green joined those calling for Santer to respond promptly or risk losing his own position. A second censure motion was tabled, but before it was voted on the entire EC [[Santer Commission#Resignation|resigned]]<ref>{{Citation | last=Walker |first=Martin |title =EU chiefs resign en masse| date = 16 March 1999|
The EU member governments – including [[Tony Blair]]
Green retained her seat in the [[1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|1999 European Parliament election]]<ref>{{Citation | title =Members elected to the European Parliament, June 1999| date = 10 June 1999| url =http://www.europarl.org.uk/guide/results1999/london.html|
Green was asked by Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]] to restand for the Parliamentary Group leadership.<ref name= "perils" /> However she withdrew when it became clear she faced opposition from Spanish, German and French socialists<ref>{{Citation | last =Walker| first =Martin | title =Britain loses leadership of European socialists| journal = Guardian Unlimited | date = 7 July 1999 |
In November 1999, Green announced that she would be retiring as an MEP to become the first female chief executive of the Co-operative Union, officially taking up the position on [[New Year's Day]] 2000.<ref name= "inBrief" /> The decision led to criticism from some quarters, as the mechanics of the electoral system meant that the public would not vote in Green's successor, and instead the next candidate on Labour's list automatically replaced her. [[Theresa Villiers]], a fellow MEP for the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] said Green's "resignation demonstrates a total lack of regard for the electorate".<ref>{{Citation| title =Government| date =29 November 1999| url =http://www.kc3.co.uk/~dt/Government.htm|
Green was caught up in further controversy the following year, regarding the list of voters eligible to decide the Labour candidate for the 2000 London Mayor elections. Complaints were made about Green's inclusion on the list despite her resignation as an MEP<ref>{{Citation |
==Co-operation==
Green already had a track record in the UK co-operative movement. As well as her status as a Labour and Co-operative MEP and advisory position with the Co-operative Union, she had been a [[The Woodcraft Folk|Woodcraft Folk]] leader and was made president of the Industrial Common Ownership Movement (ICOM) in 1999.<ref>{{Citation | last=Green | first=Pauline | title=Europe and Social Partnership: NCVO Annual Conference Keynote Speech | year=1999 | url=http://www.ncvo-vol.org.uk/events/speeches/?id=1275 |
[[File:HolyoakeHouse.JPG|thumb|Holyoake House, head office of Co-operatives UK where Green was Chief Executive]]Within two weeks of starting work at the Union, Green sat down with other high-profile members of the co-operative movement and drafted a letter to [[Tony Blair]]. The letter – signed by Green, [[
The
The Union began a "deliberate attempt to secure and celebrate [the] co-operative advantage" by increasing its ties with other organisations across the co-operative movement: they began providing professional and admin services for the [[United Kingdom Co-operative Forum|United Kingdom Co-operative Council (UKCC)]] and ICOM, and working with co-operative support organisations across the country to establish the "first ever 'all movement' Co-ordination Movement".<ref name ="Annual2000" /> This work continued into 2001, with Green using her joint positions in ICOM and the Union to facilitate a merger of the two organisations, bringing together the worker and consumer co-operative sectors that had existed separately for over 100 years.<ref>{{Citation |last=Green | first=Pauline | contribution= Chief Executive & General Secretary's review of the year | title =Co-operative Union LTD incorporating ICOM – the worker co-op federation Annual Report & Financial Statements 2001| pages=3 | date =31 December 2001}}</ref> The membership voted in December 2002 in favour of a change in the Union's name to reflect its new make-up<ref>{{Citation |last=Green |first=Pauline | contribution=New strategic purpose and direction| title =Co-operatives UK Annual Report & Financial Statements 2002| pages=5 | date =31 December 2002}}</ref> and in January 2003 the organisation was officially relaunched as Co-operatives UK.<ref>{{Citation | title =History| date = 13 May 2005| url =http://www.cooperatives-uk.coop/About/history|
Green continued to work at "driving a culture change in Co-operatives UK" – for example leading the organisation to become the first co-operative to partner with the [[National Association of Co-operative Officials|National Association of Co-operative Officials (NACO)]] as its recognised trade union<ref>{{Citation | title =NACO for all at Co-operatives UK | date = 13 August 2006| url =http://www.cooperatives-uk.coop/News/newsArchive/2006/nacoLinkUp|
In October 2002, Green was elected as the President of [[International Co-operative Alliance|ICA]] Europe, the umbrella body for European co-operatives.<ref name= "CERA" /> This led in turn to her becoming co-chair of Co-operatives Europe in November 2006, sharing her duties with Etienne Pflimlin.<ref>{{Citation| title =the Espriu Foundation: Information| date =11 November 2006| url =http://www.fundacionespriu.coop/actividades/detalle.php?Mw==&MTE2&cmVzdW1lbmVz|
Green announced that she intended to retire as chief executive of the organisation in 2009, saying: "I will be 60 at [that time] and I have always intended to retire when I reached that milestone. The Board [of Co-operatives UK] and I agreed that it made sense for me to finish after [[Co-operative Congress]] 2009, which is, to all intents and purposes, the end of our co-operative year."<ref>{{Citation|title=Dame Pauline to step down as CEO in 2009 |date=6 October 2008 |url=http://www.thenews.coop/news/Wider%20Co-op%20Movement/1435 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008135358/http://thenews.coop/news/Wider%20Co-op%20Movement/1435 |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 October 2008 |
Green was elected
==Honours==
In 1988, Green was awarded honorary Doctorates from the [[University of North London]] and [[Middlesex University]], and was made Commander of the [[Order of Honour (Greece)|Order of Honour]] in 1994 by the [[President of Greece]]. She has since been awarded the Grand Golden Cross with Star by the President of the Republic of [[Austria]], and been made Grand Commander of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Cyprus.<ref name= "whowho" /> In the [[2003 New Year Honours|New Year's Honours 2003]] Green was appointed as a [[Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) "for services to the Co-operative Movement and to the development of the European Union"<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=56797|page=7|date=31 December 2002 |supp=y}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 May 2003 |title=Pauline's Palace date |url=https://www.thenews.coop/34271/sector/retail/pauline039s-palace-date/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126182457/https://www.thenews.coop/34271/sector/retail/pauline039s-palace-date/ |archive-date=2021-01-26 |work=Co-operative News}}</ref>
She has been described as "strong, confident and well organised" by [[Neil Kinnock]], "a refreshing no-nonsense figure" by [[Phillip Whitehead]] and "guided by common sense and an antagonism (which amounts almost to contempt) towards the superficialities of political image-making" by [[Roy Hattersley]].<ref name= "perils" />
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{{succession box | title=[[General Secretary]] of the [[Co-operatives UK|Co-operative Union]] | before=[[Lloyd Wilkinson]] | after=[[Ed Mayo]] | years=2000–2009}}
{{succession box|title=President of the [[International Co-operative Alliance]]|years=
{{s-end}}
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[[Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics]]
[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Presidents of Co-operative Congress]]
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[[Category:
[[Category:MEPs for
[[Category:Labour Co-operative MEPs]]
[[Category:Cooperative advocates]]
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