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Line 1: {{Short description\|Global public domain database}} '''AGRIS''' (International System for Agricultural Science and Technology) is a global public domain database with 2.6 million structured bibliographical records on agricultural science and technology. The database is maintained by [[FAO]], and its content is provided by more than 150 participating institutions from 65 countries. The AGRIS Search system, accessible at http://agris.fao.org, allows scientists, researchers and students to perform sophisticated searches using keywords from the [[AGROVOC]] thesaurus, specific journal titles or names of countries, institutions, and authors.▼ {{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2018}} ▲'''AGRIS''' ('''International System for Agricultural Science and Technology''') is a global public domain database with ~~2.6~~more than 12 million structured bibliographical records on agricultural science and technology. ~~The~~It became operational in 1975 and the database iswas maintained by ~~[[FAO]]~~Coherence in Information for Agricultural Research for Development, and its content is provided by more than 150 participating institutions from 65 countries. The AGRIS Search system,<ref>{{cite ~~accessible at~~ web\|url=http://agris.fao.org, \|title=agris.fao.org \|publisher=agris.fao.org \|date= \|accessdate=2016-03-14}}</ref> allows scientists, researchers and students to perform sophisticated searches using keywords from the [[AGROVOC]] thesaurus, specific journal titles or names of countries, institutions, and authors.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Bartol\|first=Tomaz\|date=2009\|title=Assessment of classification and indexing of an agricultural journal based on metadata in AGRIS and CAB Abstracts databases\|url=https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMSO.2009.026249\|journal=International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies\|language=en\|volume=4\|issue=1/2\|pages=4\|doi=10.1504/ijmso.2009.026249\|issn=1744-2621}}</ref> == Early AGRIS years == [[File:FAO Commemorative 1984 Ten Years of AGRIS Bronze Obverse.jpg\|thumb\|FAO Commemorative 1984 Ten Years of AGRIS Bronze Obverse]] As [[information management]] flourished in the 1970s, the AGRIS [[metadata]] [[Text corpus\|corpus]] was developed to allow its users to have free access to knowledge available in agricultural science and technology. AGRIS was developed to be an international cooperative system to serve both developed and [[developing countries]]. With the advent of the Internet, along with the promises offered by [[open access (publishing)\|open access]] publishing, there was growing awareness that the management of agricultural science and technology information, would have various facets: [[Technical standard\|standards]] and methodologies for [[interoperability]] and facilitation of knowledge exchange; tools to enable information management specialists to process data; information and knowledge exchange across countries. Common [[interoperability]] criteria were thus adopted in its implementation, and the AGRIS AP [[metadata]] was accordingly created in order to allow exchange and retrieval of Agricultural information Resources.<ref>"{{cite web\|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/ae909e/ae909e00.htm \|title=The AGRIS Application Profile for the International Information System on Agricultural Sciences and Technology Guidelines on Best Practices for Information Object Description" ~~available at http://www.fao~~\|publisher=Fao.org~~/docrep/008/ae909e/ae909e00.htm~~ \|date= \|accessdate=2013-07-09}}</ref> == ~~The~~ AGRIS ~~repository~~2.0 == [[File:FAO Commemorative 1994 Twenty Years of AGRIS Bronze Obverse.jpg\|thumb\|FAO Commemorative 1994 Twenty Years of AGRIS Bronze Obverse]] AGRIS covers the wide range of subjects related to agriculture science and technology, including forestry, animal husbandry, aquatic sciences and fisheries, human nutrition, and extension. Its content includes unique grey literature such as unpublished scientific and technical reports, theses, conference papers, government publications, and more. A growing number (around 20%) of bibliographical records have a corresponding full text document on the web which can easily be retrieved by Google. On 5 December 2013 AGRIS 2.0 was released. AGRIS 2.0 is at the same time: Access to the AGRIS Repository is provided through the [http://agris.fao.org/ AGRIS Search Engine]. As such, it:▼ # A collaborative network of more than 150 institutions from 65 countries, maintained by FAO of the UN, promoting free access to agricultural information. # A multilingual bibliographic database for agricultural science, fuelled by the AGRIS network, containing more than 8 million records largely enhanced with AGROVOC, FAO's multilingual thesaurus covering all areas of interest to FAO, including food, nutrition, agriculture, fisheries, forestry, environment etc. # A mash-up web application that links the bibliographic AGRIS knowledge to related resources on the web using the [[Linked Open Data]] methodology. An AGRIS mashup page (e.g. http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=QM2008000025 ) is a web page where an AGRIS resource is displayed together with relevant knowledge extracted from external data sources (as the World Bank, DBPedia, and Nature). The availability of external data sources is not under AGRIS control. Thus, if an external data source is temporary unreachable, it won't be displayed in AGRIS mashup pages. ▲Access to the AGRIS Repository is provided through the [AGRIS Search Engine.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://agris.fao.org/ ~~AGRIS~~\|title=agris.fao.org ~~Search Engine]~~\|publisher=agris.fao.org \|date= \|accessdate=2013-07-09}}</ref> As such, it: # enables retrieval of bibliographic records contained in the AGRIS Repository, # allows users to perform either full-text or fielded, parametric and assisted queries. AGRIS data was converted to RDF and the resulting linked dataset created some 200 million triples. The AGRIS repository exploits the advantages of both open source search search platform ([[Solr]]), and structured [[XML]]. It facilitates the exchange of information among developing countries and between developing and developed countries. Furthermore, it contains records from national journals - especially from developing countries that are not always represented in commercial indexing services. AGRIS is also registered in the Data Hub at [https://archive.today/20130416011901/http://thedatahub.org/dataset/agris] The AGRIS partners contributing to the AGRIS Database use several formats for exchanging data, including simple DC, from [[OAI-PMH]] systems. The AGRIS AP format is anyway adopted directly by: # Open Archive Initiative (OAI) partners: Scielo, Viikki Science Library # BIBSYS, Norway, National Library of Portugal~~, Prod-Inra France~~, Wageningen UR Library. # ''National networks'': NARIMS<ref>[http://www.arc.sci.eg/ ~~NARIMS~~arc.sci.eg]</ref> in [[Egypt]], [[PhilAgriNet]] in [[Philippines]], [[KAINet]] in [[Kenya]], ~~Thailand~~ NAC in [[Thailand]], GAINS in [[Ghana]]. # ''National institutional repositories'': Russia, Belarus, Uruguay, Spain, Iran. # ''Information service providers'': [[Wolters Kluwer]], [[National Information Services Corporation\|NISC]], ~~[http://www.cgiar.org/~~CGIR, [[CGIAR]], [[Agriculture Network Information Center\|AgNIC]], GFIS. # ''Database systems/tools'': [AgriOceanDspace,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://aims.fao.org/agriocean-dspace ~~AgriOceanDspace],~~\|title=AgriOcean DSpace \| Agricultural Information Management Standards (AIMS) \|publisher=Aims.fao.org \|date= \|accessdate=2013-07-09}}</ref> NewGenlib, WebAGRIS, NERAKIN, [AgriDrupal.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://aims.fao.org/tools/agridrupal \|title=AgriDrupal] \| Agricultural Information Management Standards (AIMS) \|publisher=Aims.fao.org \|date= \|accessdate=2013-07-09}}</ref> === ~~Searching~~AGRIS ~~for~~under ~~digital~~the ~~resources~~CIARD umbrella === Falling under the umbrella of CIARD,<ref>[{{cite web \|url=http://www.ciard.net \|title=What is CIARD? \| Coherence in Information for Agricultural Research for Development] \|publisher=Ciard.net \|accessdate=2013-07-09 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725223232/http://www.ciard.net/ \|archive-date=25 July 2013 \|url-status=dead \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> a joint initiative co-led by the CGIAR,<ref>[{{cite web\|last=Rijsberman \|first=Frank \|url=http://www.cgiar.org \|title=CGIAR Home] \|publisher=Cgiar.org \|date=2013-07-04 \|accessdate=2013-07-09}}</ref> GFAR<ref>[{{cite web\|url=http://www.egfar.org \|title=EGFAR web Site] \|publisher=Egfar.org \|date= \|accessdate=2013-07-09}}</ref> and [[FAO]], the new AGRIS aims to promote the sharing and management of agricultural science and technology information through the use of common [[Technical standard\|standards]] and methodologies. These will incorporate [[Web 2.0]] features, in order to make the search experience as comprehensive, intuitive and far-reaching as possible for users of the new AGRIS.▼ ~~''For more information on this topic, see:'' [[Digital library]]~~ AGRIS aims to ensure that the resources contained in repositories located in several regions be available to the general user, with few restrictions, in accordance with the goals of [[Open access (publishing)\|open access]]. However, many of these resources run the risk of turning into [[deep web]] or invisible web resources, since they frequently cannot be located by [[search engine]] crawlers.<ref>Koehler, AEC. ''Some Thoughts on the Meaning of Open Access for University Library Technical Services'' Serials Review Vol. 32, 1, 2006, p. 17 </ref> As is the case with some [[digital libraries]], where special pages or [[sitemaps]] are created to allow search engines to find all of their resources, AGRIS uses the [[Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting]] to retrieve [[metadata]] and "expose" otherwise invisible web resources to the AGRIS search engines. A similar process is adopted for instance by [[Google Scholar]], [[Yahoo!]] and [[Scirus]] search engines. Unlike traditional resources that pose storage space limits, digital resources have the widely recognized advantage of making available to users a huge variety of resources of often diverse nature.[[Project Gutenberg]], [[Google Book Search]], [[Windows Live Search Books]](shutdown), [[Internet Archive]], [[Cornell University]], The Library of Congress [[World Digital Library]], The Digital Library at the [[University of Michigan]], and Carnegie Mellon University's [[Million Book Project]] are considered leaders in the field of digital library creation and management. ~~=== Data indexing in AGRIS: the AGROVOC thesaurus ===~~ ~~''For more information on this topic, see:'' [[AGROVOC]]~~ In traditional libraries, finding works of interest is directly related to how well they are cataloged. However, complex and born-digital works require substantially more effort.<ref name="serialssolutions1">>[http://www.serialssolutions.com/marculator.html http://www.serialssolutions.com/marculator.html]</ref> [[AGROVOC]] is a comprehensive multilingual [[agriculture]] [[thesaurus]]<ref>http://www.fao.org/aims/ag_alpha.jsp {{Wayback\|url=http://www.fao.org/aims/ag_alpha.jsp\|date =20090505222009}}</ref> that was developed with the cooperation of [[FAO]] member countries. It is used for indexing data in agricultural information systems and it strives for continuous improvement and updating. The first version of [[AGROVOC]] was produced in 1982 and distributed to [http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=114095422609999751272.00045c35b3a8c21f34484&t=h&z=2 all AGRIS centres].<ref name="serialssolutions1"/> Vocabulary updating is done by [[FAO]] in collaboration with national AGRIS centres.<ref>[http://agris.fao.org/knowledge-and-information-sharing-through-agris-network Knowledge and information sharing through the AGRIS Network \| AGRIS :: International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology]</ref> Staff at the centres propose new terms for the database to [[FAO]] subject specialists for consideration. The terms selected by the experts are added into [[AGROVOC]]. In the past, an [[AGROVOC]] supplement was then published and provided to the centres. Now the updated [[AGROVOC]] is available online. The proposing of new terms and corrections also can be done through the [[FAO]]/[[AGROVOC]] web site.<ref>http://aims.fao.org/standards/agrovoc/about {{dead link\|date=September 2011}}</ref> ~~== Limitations in AGRIS ==~~ In the last years, several partnership initiatives have been developed globally by diverse international organizations often involved in development, in order to overcome the lack of coherent and coordinated approaches to information system architecture.<ref>See for instance [http://www.india-seminar.com/2009/597.htm V. Balaji, ''The fate of agriculture'', in "Knowledge in Question", A symposium on interrogating knowledge and questioning science, May 2009, retrieved from the Web in May 2009]</ref> Against this background, an assessment of AGRIS was conducted in 2000. It was noted that the network had only been partially successful in achieving its goals. Limitations in AGRIS were identified in four areas: 1) difficult access to the original documents, 2) incomplete coverage, 3) independent systems and 4) structural and institutional constraints. As the AGRIS system aims to decentralise data processing and to prioritise national capacity building, enhancing autonomous management of national agricultural information.<ref>"Information Technologies and Standards for Agricultural Information Resources Management: AGRIS Application Profile, AGROVOC and LISAGR" available on ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/ag870e/ag870e00.pdf and retrieved from the web on 16 July 2009.</ref> a new strategic vision has been developed.<ref>A new strategic vision for the AGRIS network was called for at two technical Consultations on Agricultural Information Management (COAIM) held in 2000 and 2002, which continues to provide the basis for some of the technical standards and methodologies adopted by CIARD. Please see: [ftp://ftp.fao.org/unfao/bodies/coaim/coaim-2/AC502e.doc 2000 COAIM report] and [http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/005/y7963e/Y7963e00.htm#Top 2002 COAIM report].</ref> ~~== The new vision ==~~ In order to address those limitations, a “new vision for AGRIS” has been under work since 2000. In 2009, AGRIS adhered to Coherence in Information for Agricultural Research for Development (CIARD), a global initiative of international partner organizations (such as, [[DFID]], CIARD, [[Global Forum on Agricultural Research\|GFAR]], etc.)<ref>[http://www.ciard.net/index.php?id=412 Partners]</ref> committed to working to increase the public benefits deriving from investment in agricultural research and innovation for development.<ref>''ibidem''</ref> The underlying principle shared by CIARD's stakeholders,<ref>For an updated list of CIARD partner institutions, please refer to the CIARD web site, under: [http://www.ciard.net/index.php?id=412 Partners].</ref> which [[FAO]] is contributing to with its AGRIS portal, is that, information is to be made publicly "available", "accessible" and, "applicable".<ref>The CIARD manifesto: [http://www.ciard.net/index.php?id=573 Towards Shared Knowledge Resources on Agricultural Research for Development], retrieved from the web on 28 June 2009.</ref> At the same time, all of CIARD stakeholders equally recognize the need to respect the roles of national, regional and international institutions, whilst aligning their efforts to develop better interlinked [[information]] collections and services.<ref>[http://www.ciard.net/index.php?id=home0 Thinking globally, but acting locally]</ref> ~~Currently, AGRIS continues its research into improving access to science technology and agricultural information globally available on the web, under the CIARD umbrella.~~ ~~=== Accessibility of the new AGRIS ===~~ ~~While AGRIS is striving to keep abreast of the technology available, enhanced resource accessibility may be identified as one of the core objectives of the new AGRIS.~~ According to the new vision, the AGRIS [[search engine]] should be able to retrieve and interpret a wealth of diverse information sources including full-text documents, threads from discussion fora, [[blog]] entries, [[news]] articles, and organizational, regional, national, international [[information]] (re)sources. Partnerships with established [[search engine technology]] leaders such as [[Google]], [[Yahoo]] or [[Scirus]] will be explored in order to provide customized search capabilities. ~~=== The new AGRIS under the CIARD umbrella ===~~ ▲Falling under the umbrella of CIARD,<ref>[http://www.ciard.net What is CIARD? \| Coherence in Information for Agricultural Research for Development]</ref> a joint initiative co-led by the CGIAR,<ref>[http://www.cgiar.org CGIAR Home]</ref> GFAR<ref>[http://www.egfar.org EGFAR web Site]</ref> and [[FAO]], the new AGRIS aims to promote the sharing and management of agricultural science and technology information through the use of common [[Technical standard\|standards]] and methodologies. These will incorporate [[Web 2.0]] features, in order to make the search experience as comprehensive, intuitive and far-reaching as possible for users of the new AGRIS. Furthermore, the new AGRIS will also leverage the data and infrastructure of one of CIARD's projects: the CIARD RING. An acronym standing for Routemap to Information Nodes and Gateways (RING), the CIARD RING project is led by [[Global Forum on Agricultural Research\|GFAR]] and it aims to: Line 68 ⟶ 46: == See also == * [[~~AgMES\|~~Agricultural ~~Metadata~~Information ~~Element~~Management ~~Set~~Standards]] * [[AgMES]] * [[Agricultural Information Management Standards\|Agricultural Information Management Standards (AIMS)]] * [[Agricultural Ontology Service]] * [[AGROVOC]] * [[Information management]] * [[IMARK]] * [[Repository (publishing)\|Repository]] * [[Disciplinary repository]] * [[IMARK\|Information Management Resource Kit (IMARK)]] [[List of academic databases and search engines]] == References == {{Reflist\|2}} ~~== Other publications ==~~ [http://www.fao.org/documents/advanced_s_result.asp?FORM_C=AND&SERIES=339 Agricultural Information and Knowledge Management Papers] * [http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/ae909e/ae909e00.htm The AGRIS Application Profile for the International Information System on Agricultural Sciences and Technology Guidelines on Best Practices for Information Object Description] * [http://www.fao.org/kce/consultations/coaim/coaim-2000/en/ Consultations on Agricultural Management (COAIM)] * [http://www.fao.org/docrep/x7936e/x7936e00.htm First Consultation on Agricultural Information Management (2000 COAIM Report)] * [http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/005/y7963e/Y7963e00.htm#Top Report on the Second Consultation on Agricultural Information Management (2002 COAIM Report)] * [http://departments.agri.huji.ac.il/economics/gelb-agris-10.pdf#AGRIS 1968-1994: Insights and Lessons] == External links == * [http://agris.fao.org ~~'''~~AGRIS~~'''~~] * [http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search/AgrisLargeMap.do AGRIS network map] * [http://aims.fao.org/ag_webservices.jsp AGROVOC Web services] * [http://aims.fao.org/ Agricultural Information Management Standards (AIMS)] * [http://www.fao.org Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Web site] * [http://www.ciard.net Coherence in Information for Agricultural Research for Development (CIARD) Wed site] * [http://www.fao.org/nems/rss/rss_nems_results.asp?owner=615&status=10&dateto=31/12/2006&lang=en&sites=1 RSS feed of news and events] {{DEFAULTSORT:Agris}} ~~[[Category:Agricultural organizations]]~~ [[Category:Interoperability]]▼ ~~[[Category:Knowledge representation]]~~ ~~[[Category:Metadata]]~~ [[Category:Food and Agriculture Organization]] [[Category:Public domain databases]] [[Category:Agricultural databases]] ▲[[Category:~~Interoperability~~E-agriculture]]