Pitcairnioideae: Difference between revisions

'''Pitcairnioideae''' is a subfamily of the bromeliad family, [[Bromeliaceae]]. Traditionally, it was a large subfamily, comprising all those species with winged or more rarely naked seeds. [[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic]] studies showed that traditional Pitcairnioideae was not [[Monophyly|monophyletic]], and the subfamily was more narrowly [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscribed]].<ref name=GivnMillBerrSyts07/><ref name=GivnBarfVanERiin11/> {{As of|2022|November}}, the Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads placed five genera in the subfamily.<ref name=EOB/> Members of the subfamily are found from the [[Andes]] to the coast of [[Brazil]], with one genus (''[[Fosterella]]'') found northwards to [[Mexico]].

Species in the subfamily Pitcairnioideae have fruits in the form of capsules andwith winged seeds. The [[petal]]s are not joined together when the flowers open, and are usually large and conspicuous.<ref name=GivnMillBerrSyts07/>

Traditionally, the family Bromeliaceae was divided into three subfamilies based on the structure of the seeds and fruit, with Pitcairnioideae comprising all those with winged or rarely naked seeds. The other subfamilies were [[Bromelioideae]] and [[Tillandsioideae]]. A [[Molecular phylogenetics|molecular phylogenetic]] study in 2007 showed that traditional Pitcairnioideae was not [[Monophyly|monophyletic]], with Tillandsioideae embedded within it. The original broadly defined subfamily was divided it into six, including a more narrowly [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscribed]] Pitcairnioideae.<ref name=GivnMillBerrSyts07/> The division was confirmed in a larger 2011 study,<ref name=GivnBarfVanERiin11/> and is accepted by the Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads, which includes five genera in Pitcairnioideae.<ref name=EOB/>

|[[File:Dyckia platyphylla 4.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Dyckia]]'' <small>Schult.f.</small> ||130

|-

|[[File:Pitcairnia bifrons inflorescence detail.JPG|120px]] ||''[[Pitcairnia]]'' <small>[[Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle|L'Hér.]]</small> (including ''Pepinia'' <small>Brongn. ex André</small>) ||over 400

Other genera that have beenwere placed in Pitcairnioideae when it was broadly defined are now put into different subfamilies.<ref name=GivnMillBerrSyts07/>

* ''[[Brewcaria]]'' <small>[[Lyman Bradford Smith|L.B.Sm.]], [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]] & [[Harold E. Robinson|H.Rob.]]</small> (may be included in ''Navia'') → [[Navioideae]]

* ''[[Brocchinia]]'' <small>[[Julius Hermann Schultes|Schult.f.]] ex [[Josef August Schultes|Schult.]] & Schult.f.</small> → Brocchinioideae (the only genus)

* ''[[Connellia]]'' <small>[[N. E. Brown|N.E.Br.]]</small> → [[Lindmanioideae]]

* ''[[Cottendorfia]]'' <small>Schult.f.</small> → [[Navioideae]]

* ''[[Hechtia]]'' <small>[[Johann Friedrich Klotzsch|Klotzsch]]</small> → Hechtioideae (only genus)

* ''[[Lindmania]]'' <small>Mez</small> → [[Lindmanioideae]]

* ''[[Navia (plant)|Navia]]'' <small>Schult. & Schult.f.</small> → [[Navioideae]]

* ''[[Puya (plant)|Puya]]'' <small>[[Juan Ignacio Molina|Molina]]</small> → Puyoideae (the only genus)

* ''[[Sequencia]]'' <small>(L.B.Sm.) Givnish</small> → [[Navioideae]]

* ''[[Steyerbromelia]]'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> → [[Navioideae]]

The subfamily is thought to have arisen in the northern [[Andes]], first spreading southwards and then eastwards into the [[Brazilian Shield]] and the easternmost part of [[Brazil]] (the "horn of Brazil"). ''Fosterella'' is also found in Mexico and Central America.<ref name=GivnBarfVanERiin11/>

<ref name=GivnBarfVanERiin11>{{Cite journal|last1=Givnish |first1=Thomas J. |last2=Barfuss |first2=Michael H. J. |last3=Van Ee |first3=Benjamin |last4=Riina |first4=Ricarda |last5=Schulte |first5=Katharina |last6=Horres |first6=Ralf |last7=Gonsiska |first7=Philip A. |last8=Jabaily |first8=Rachel S. |last9=Crayn |first9=Darren M. |last10=Smith |first10=J. Andrew C. |last11=Winter |first11=Klaus |last12=Brown |first12=Gregory K. |last13=Evans |first13=Timothy M. |last14=Holst |first14=Bruce K. |last15=Luther |first15=Harry |last16=Till |first16=Walter |last17=Zizka |first17=Georg |last18=Berry |first18=Paul E. |last19=Sytsma |first19=Kenneth J. |date=2011 |title=Phylogeny, adaptive radiation, and historical biogeography in Bromeliaceae: Insights from an eight-locus plastid phylogeny |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=98 |issue=5 |pages=872–895 |doi=10.3732/ajb.1000059 |pmid=21613186 |hdl=2027.42/142109 |name-list-style=amp |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=GivnMillBerrSyts07>{{Cite journal |last1=Givnish |first1=Thomas |last2=Millam |first2=Kendra |last3=Berry |first3=Paul |last4=Sytsma |first4=Kenneth |date=2007 |title=Phylogeny, Adaptive Radiation, and Historical Biogeography of Bromeliaceae Inferred from ndhF Sequence Data |journal=Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=3–26 |doi=10.5642/aliso.20072301.04 |name-list-style=amp |doi-access=free }}</ref>

* http://www.ecocam.com/species/Bromeliaceae.html

* http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/monocots/bromeliflorae.html

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070203011339/http://www.bsi.org/brom_info/taxonomy.html BSI - Bromeliad Info - Taxonomy]

* LUTHER, H. E. (2008) [https://web.archive.org/web/20101129224007/http://selby.org/clientuploads/pdf_files/Bromeliad_Binomial_List_2008.pdf An Alphabetical List of Bromeliad Binomials, Eleventh Edition] [http://www.selby.org The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens], [[Sarasota, Florida]], USA. Published by [http://www.bsi.org/ The Bromeliad Society International].