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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
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The Russian forestry industry is a set of Russian industries related to wood harvesting and processing. As one of the oldest sectors in the country's economy, Russia's timber industry continues to bring in about $20 billion per year. Russia has more than a fifth of the world's forests, making it the largest forest country in the world. According to data for 2015, the total forest area has exceeded 885 million hectares, representing 45% of the total area of the country. The stock of wood in the area was 82 billion cubic meters. However in 2023 academics complained that not enough information had been published.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Filipchuk |first=Andrey N. |last2=Malysheva |first2=Nataliya V. |last3=Zolina |first3=Tatiana A. |last4=Seleznev |first4=Alexander A. |date=2023-10-01 |title=Carbon stock in living biomass of Russian forests: new quantification based on data from the first cycle of the State Forest Inventory |url=https://www.sciendo.com/article/10.2478/forj-2023-0021 |journal=Central European Forestry Journal |language=en |volume=69 |issue=4 |pages=248–261 |doi=10.2478/forj-2023-0021 |issn=2454-0358|doi-access=free }}</ref>
A significant proportion of revenue from the industry is generated by the export of raw materials from sawing logs. For a long time Russia was the main supplier of raw wood material in Europe. However, according to a 2012 study by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Government of the Russian Federation,<ref>[http://www.fao.org/3/i1757e/i1757e.pdf FAO. 2010. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010. Main Report. FAO Forestry Working Paper 163, Rome, Italy]</ref><ref name=":0">[
Russia's timber industry sectors, as part of the Russia's total industrial production, are seventh place in terms of production and fifth place in terms of national exports.<ref
All data is due to be recorded in the national forest inventory accounting system by 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sveza to start piloting the national forest inventory accounting system |url=https://sveza.com/press/news/sveza-to-start-piloting-the-na/}}</ref>
== Types of Forests ==▼
The Forest Fund of Russia has divided the country's forests into four main groups: waterproof, field, reserve, recreational forests. In reserve areas, workers can only participate in sanitary felling of trees to improve the overall condition of the forest. Forest areas, which allow selective cutting, cannot exceed volume growth for the year. Operating forests are allowed to use clear cutting. Generally speaking, Russian forests are comprised of mostly coniferous tree from the following species: pine, spruce, larch, and cedar.▼
▲The Forest Fund of Russia has divided the country's forests into four main groups: waterproof, field, reserve, recreational forests. In reserve areas, workers can only participate in sanitary felling of trees to improve the overall condition of the forest. Forest areas, which allow selective cutting, cannot exceed volume growth for the year. Operating forests are allowed to use clear cutting. Generally speaking, Russian forests are
== Sectors included in the Russian timber industry ==
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According to analyst group of companies called the Lesprom Network, the Russian government's decision to raise export duty on roundwood in July 2007 by 20% and April 2008 by 25% resulted in a decrease in the competitiveness of Russian companies as exporters in the world markets. In the second half of 2008, amid the global economic crisis, the volume of construction fell sharply in Japan, China, and Western Europe, and as a result, production volumes also substantially declined in the major economic sectors that consume the wood. In 2008, the volume of timber in Russia decreased by 14.4% compared to the volume of the year before. Production growth in the area of wood specifically was 1.4%; in the pulp and paper production industry, the production growth for publishing and printing was only 0.8%.
The net profit of the Russian forest industry companies in 2008 fell sharply, evidenced by an annual ranking of the 50 largest companies data published by the magazine "Forest Industry". Total revenue companies included in the Lesnaya
=== Aftermath and recovery ===
Following the results of 2008, the average profitability ratio of Top 50 companies decreased to 0.7%, compared to 9.0% in the previous year. Woodworking companies’ profitability was slightly higher than that of pulp and paper companies (5.7% and 4.9% respectively), and only four of the Top 50 companies managed to reach a double-digit profitability ratio in 2008.
Zelenodolskiy plywood plant had the highest profitability ratio (17%) in 2008. The fastest-growing forest industry company in Russia was United Panel Group, whose revenue was 3.04 billion roubles ($41.3 million USD), up 89.5%. Ilim Group gained the largest net benefit in 2008 with a revenue of 1.67 billion roubles ($22.7 million USD) and was also listed in the Top 50 forest industry companies as having the largest revenue overall, at 37.92 billion roubles ($515 million USD). The Top 50 Russian Forest Industry rating is prepared and published by Lesnaya Industriya magazine on the base of companies’ accounting reporting and data provided by the companies.<ref name=":2">Bogatyrev, Alexei; Fateeva, Veronika; Fedotkina, Yana (October 6, 2009), [
=== Other reasons for stunted growth ===
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=== Biofuels ===
In Russia, the development of the biofuel sector is regulated by the state program. The goal of the program prioritizes "energy saving and energy efficiency for the period up to 2020," with goals for saving energy that stretch as far as 2030 in scope. However, as noted in the journal article "Forest Industry"
Biofuel consumption grows in Central Europe as Germany, Netherlands, and United Kingdom increase the import of pellets. Brazil, Canada and the United States also have large reserves of biofuel feedstocks, making them direct competitors with Russia in the market of exporting wood pellets to Europe.
=== Prominent venues for wood and timber production ===
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* The lack of a coherent framework to regulate what governs economic relations with foreign countries
* The cost of cleaning systems for water and air resources used in the timber industry
* The absence of a competent methodology for selecting investment projects in the timber industry.<ref
== See also ==
* [[Deforestation in Russia]]
* [[Temperate rainforests of the Russian Far East]]
* [[Forest cover by federal subject in Russia]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140222040558/http://www.lesopromyshlennik.ru/lesprom/lesprom_eng.htm official site"The Timber Industry Worker" magazine -one of the leading professional publications on forest complex on the territory of Russia]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071223190429/http://www.kommersant.com/t487624/r_3/n_43/Timber_Industry_2000-2004/ Timber Industry 2000-2004] (Kommersant)
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{{Forestry by country}}
{{Forestry}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Forestry in Russia| ]]
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