Triomphe: Difference between revisions

| alt_names = Trump, Triumph, French Ruffruff

'''Triomphe''' (French for triumph), once known as '''French Ruffruff''', is a card game dating from the late 15th century. It most likely originated in France or Spain (as triunfo) and later spread to the rest of Europe. When the game arrived in Italy, it shared a similar name with the pre-existing game and deck known as ''[[Trionfi (cards)|trionfi]]''; probably resulting in the latter becoming renamed as ''Tarocchi'' ([[tarot]]). While trionfi has a fifth suit that acts as permanent [[trump (card games)|trump]]s, triomphe randomly selects one of the existing four suits as trumps. Another common feature of this game is the robbing of the stock. Triomphe became so popular that during the 16th century the earlier game of trionfi was gradually renamed tarocchi, tarot, or tarock.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dummett|first1=Michael|author-link1=Michael Dummett|title=The Game of Tarot|date=1980|publisher=Duckworth|location=London|page=84}}</ref><ref>Vitali, Andrea. [http://www.letarot.it/page.aspx?id=238&lng=eng Triumphs, Trionfini and Trionfetti] at Le Tarot Cultural Association. Retrieved 17 February 2017.</ref> This game is the origin of the English word "trump" and is the ancestor of many [[trick-taking game]]s like [[Euchre]] (via [[Écarté]]) and [[Whist]] (via [[Ruff and Honours]]). The earliest known description of Triomphe was of a [[point-trick game]], perhaps one of the earliest of its type; later, the name was applied to a [[plain-trick game]].

* [[Lenturlu]] or [[Pamphile (card game)|Pamphile]], a variant that appeared in the mid-17th century; same rules as Triomphe (5 cards each), but the {{Clubs}}J (Pamphile) is the highest card; a 5-card flush is a ''Lenturlu'', which earns extra points; like basic Triomphe, the maker must take 3 tricks to win; in the [[Dutch Republic]], the game was called ''Lanterluy'', in [[Great Britain]], ''Lanterloo'' or ''Loo''; in northern Germany, Lenterlu, Lenterspiel or [[Bester Bube]].